1、2022届湖北省高三上学期10月百校联考英语试题注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最
2、佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A. 19.15. B. 9.18. C. 9.15.答案是C。1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whats wrong with the woman?A. She has heart disease.B. She often gets headaches.C. Her blood pressure is too high.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M: Your blood pressure is quite normal
3、and there is nothing wrong with your heart.W: But what about these headaches I am always having? Im still worrying about them.2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】How much is the car now?A. $7,000.B. $3,000.C. $10,000.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M: This used car looks great. How much is it?W: The regular price is $10000, but its
4、on sale for 30% off now.3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What will the weather be like in Central Europe tomorrow?A. Windy.B. Stormy.C. Sunny.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M: This is Jim Standers on Radio Europe. And now its time for the weather with Julie Judd.W: Its windy in some parts of Europe today. Theres going to be heav
5、y storms in Central Europe tomorrow. But in the Northern Europe, its sunny.4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What will Billy clean first?A. His bike.B. The garden table.C. His football boots.【答案】C【解析】原文】W: Can you clean the garden table for me, Billy? And then we can have lunch outside later.M: CK, Grandma, but
6、I want to clean my foothall boots before I do that.5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】When do the speakers plan to meet?A. This evening.B. Tomorrow morning.C. Tomorrow afternoon.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W: David, Im afraid I wont be able to meet with you this evening. I have to take my car to the shop.M: Thats too bad. Tomor
7、row Im visiting an important customer in the afternoon. but Im free in the morning. Does that work for you?W: Sure, thats fine.第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，
8、请去附件查看】6. What does the woman dislike about the film?A. The plot.B. The director.C. The actor.7. What does the woman think of the film?A. It is the best film at present.B. It is not very exciting.C. It is worth seeing.【答案】6. A 7. C【解析】【原文】W: I just watched a new film. It was pretty exciting. I love
9、the director. He is great.M: Anything else?W: The acting was good, too. Especially that little kid, hes such a good actor. But the story didnt seem believable in the rest of the film. I found it really disappointing.M: Would you recommend it?W: Sure, but its not the best film around at the moment.听下
10、面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8. What is the biggest advantage of the apartment?A. Its rent.B. Its location.C. Its decoration.9. What suggestion does the woman give the man?A. Having a look at the apartment.B. Redecorating the apartment.C. Finding a roommate.【答案】8. B 9. C【解析】【原文】W: Well, what abo
11、ut this two-bedroom apartment? The listing says its right in the downtown, just steps from the underground station.M: Wow, that would be very convenient.W: Yes. There are lots of popular restaurants and coffee shops around there.M: How much is the rent?W: $1,800 per month. But you can share it with
12、another person, and then thats only $900.M: That sounds like a good idea.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10. What will the woman do first when the term finishes?A. Go traveling.B. Work as a volunteer.C. Attend a summer course.11. Who wants the man to do a cooking course?A. His parents.B. The woma
13、n.C. The man himself.12. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Father and daughter.B. Boss and staff.C. Close friends,【答案】10. B 11. A 12. C【解析】【原文】M: Hey, Mary! Have you got any plans for the summer vacation?W: Ive got a job as a volunteer. Im going to work on a project to build
14、a school in Kenya in Africa. Im going there as soon as the term finishes and Ill be there for two months. Im hoping to do a little traveling after I finish the project but Im not sure yet. What about you?M: Well, my parents have offered to pay for me to do a summer course in cooking.W: That sounds i
15、nteresting.M: The thing is, I dont want them to think I cant organize anything myself.W: What would you like to do?M: Id like a parttime job related to tourism or restaurants. Ive applied fora few and Ive got two interviews so far. Id love to get a job of managing a restaurant. I intend to apply for
16、 a few jobs this weekend.W: Would you like a job here in Spain?M: Oh, here, of course.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13. What is the woman doing?A. Having a job interview.B. Hosting a TV program.C. Doing an environment test.14. What does Kevin probably work for?A A sea animal rescue centre.B. A
17、film company.C. A TV station.15. What happened in the disaster?A. The whales couldnt swimB. Birds died of a rare disease.C. The fish were covered with oil.16. Why did Kevin choose his job?A. He was interested in the ocean system.B. He was fond of clean seawater.C. He wanted to catch more fish.【答案】13
18、. B 14. A 15. C 16. A【解析】【原文】W: Good evening! Our “Person of the Week” is Kevin Olsen And were glad to have Kevin here with us this evening. Kevin lives and works on the coast of Washington. His job is unusual in some ways, Part of his work is to rescue whales, fish, and sea birds when they get into
19、 trouble with pollution. Welcome to the program, Kevin.M: Glad to be here.W: What do you do in your job?M: I spend a lot of my time with sea animals, trying to learn what things they need in the environment. If we know what they need, we can help them survive in the future.W: Can you tell us somethi
20、ng about the disaster a short time ago?M: The whales, small fish, and birds all suffered in that disaster. The birds had oil on their wings, so they couldnt fly. And they couldnt eat the fish because the fish were cowered with oil. It took a long time for many people to work on the cleanup.W: Why di
21、d you choose this job? Is it because you were concerned about sea animals?M: Yes, I was always interested in the world of the ocean and how the plants and animals fit together in their system.W: Thank you, Kevin, for coming and talking to us this evening.M: My pleasure.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件
22、查看】17. When did Helen Perry go on stage?A. In 1869.B. In 1859.C. In 1847.18. Which of the following is difficult throughout Helen Perrys acting life?A. Controlling her voice.B. Performing small roles.C. Learning the dialogue lines.19. What does the speaker think of Helen Perrys throat operation?A. M
23、eaningless.B. Risky.C. Worthwhile.20. What show Helen Perrys talent in writing?A. Her letters to a writer.B. Her works of literature.C. Her several famous plays.【答案】17. A 18. C 19. C 20. A【解析】【原文】W: Helen Perry, one of the greatest actresses of all time, was born in 1847.Her acting life didnt actual
24、ly have a good start because acting was not a suitable job for a young woman at that time. When she was 22, she went on stage. But she found she had other problems Although her first role was very small, she had great trouble learning the dialogue lines, and, according to her, this was difficult thr
25、oughout her acting life. However, this didnt prevent her becoming a successful actress. People said the thing that made her so special was her voice. Unfortunately, her voice got lower and lower when she was in her fifties, which nearly brought her acting life to an end. She finally had a throat ope
26、ration, which was very important for her and made her go on acting for another 25 years after that. Helen Perry is famous for several famous plays. But few people know her talent in writing. We have the letters she exchanged with a writer and they show she had great writing style. She also had quite
27、 a few degrees. But she said what really pleased her was that the audience loved her.第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ASwimming Holes in AmericaIn America, these secret swimming holes are hidden and hard to reach but well worth the adventure.Cummins FallsL
28、ooking for the best place to escape the summer heat in the heartland of America? For more than 100 years, Cummins Falls, a scenic,75-foot waterfall located in Jackson County, TN, has been a treasure for Tennessee natives. But now, the secret is out! Although its a bit tough to get to, once in the pa
29、rk, the mountains and river provide unmatched beauty on your way to taking a swim in Tennessees eighth-largest waterfall.Sliding RockA popular place to cool off during those hot North Carolina summers, Sliding Rock waterfall is located in the Pisgah National Forest in Transylvania County. A flattene
30、d rock about 60 feet lies in a nearly 7-foot-deep pool at the bottom, making this natural waterslide a great place to visit with people of all ages.Mooney FallsIt is the tallest water feature in the Grand Canyon, rising 190 feet above the surface. Named after an explorer in the 1800s, Mooney Falls i
31、s accessible only by crawling（爬）through 2 underground passages and then climbing down a sheer cliff（峭壁）face with just a couple of chains to hold on to. Although it is tough to get to, the view and the cool alone make it worth the trip.Lihue EstateA private swimming hole at the old Lihue Sugar Farm o
32、n Kauai, HI, was changed into an inner-tube water ride by Kauai Backcountry Adventures in 2003 and opened to adults. The waters for this 2.5-mile journey, which come from near the top of Mount Waialealeone of the wettest spots in the worldare channeled through ditches（沟渠）that were hand-dug by farm w
33、orkers over a century ago.21. Which hole may be the favourable destination for families?A. Lihue Estate.B. Sliding Rock.C. Mooney Falls.D. Cummins Falls.22. What can we learn about Mooney Falls from the text?A. It was found by an explorer.B. It was hand-dug in the 1800s.C. It is dangerous to arrive
34、there.D. It is the tallest fall in the world.23. What is special about Lihue Estate?A. It is man-made.B. It is a private area.C. Its water is from underground.D. It lies on the top of Mount Waialeale【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国的四个秘密游泳洞。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A flattened rock about 60 f
35、eet lies in a nearly 7-foot-deep pool at the bottom, making this natural waterslide a great place to visit with people of all ages(底部有一个近7英尺深的水池，里面有一块大约60英尺高的扁平岩石，这使得这个天然的滑水道成为各个年龄段的人游玩的好地方)”可知，Sliding Rock适合各个年龄段的人游玩。一个家庭中可能有不同年龄段的人，所以Sliding Rock比较适合家庭。故选B。【22题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Named after an explo
36、rer in the 1800s, Mooney Falls is accessible only by crawling（爬）through 2 underground passages and then climbing down a sheer cliff（峭壁）face with just a couple of chains to hold on to. it is tough to get to(穆尼瀑布以19世纪一位探险家的名字命名，要进入穆尼瀑布，只能爬过2个地下通道，然后沿着陡峭的悬崖面爬下去，只能抓住几根铁链。很难到达那里)”可知，到达穆尼瀑布很难，要沿着陡峭的悬崖面爬下去
37、，只有几根铁链可以抓。由此推之，到达那里是存在一定危险的。故选C。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“A private swimming hole at the old Lihue Sugar Farm on Kauai, HI, was changed into an inner-tube water ride by Kauai Backcountry Adventures in 2003 and opened to adults. The waters for this 2.5-mile journey, which come from near the top of Mount
38、 Waialealeone of the wettest spots in the worldare channeled through ditches（沟渠）that were hand-dug by farm workers over a century ago(2003年，在夏威夷考艾岛的老利休糖厂，一个私人游泳池被考艾岛野外探险公司改成了一个内管式水上游乐设施，并对成年人开放。在这段2.5英里的旅程中，水来自世界上最潮湿的地方之一 怀亚利尔山的山顶附近，通过一个多世纪前农场工人手工挖掘的沟渠引水)”可知，Lihue Estate是经过人工建造而成的，不是自然形成的。而其他三个地方均为提
39、及这一点。故这是Lihue Estate特别的地方。故选A。BHave you ever thrown a camel? Camels are large and heavy animals so it would be hard to throw. But in the French-speaking Democratic Republic of the Congo, “to throw a camel” is a way of saying “to make a spelling mistake”.In the past, a phrase like that was not accept
40、ed by the French government as an official French term. But recently, the French Ministry of Culture worked on a new kind of dictionary that accepts the idea that many people outside of France speak the language. The language has changed over time and is different in places like Ivory Coast in West
41、Africa or Quebec in Cana-da, compared to how it is in ParisA new online dictionary, called the French speakers dictionary, includes new French words from around the world. It was released on March 18just in time for International French Speakers Day on March 20.Supporters say the new Internet dictio
42、nary is more democratic than earlier French dictionaries that only showed the way highly educated French people spoke. The new dictionary includes unofficial words like “pourriel”, which means an unwanted email if you are in Canada. It is a word based on “courriel”, which just means an email.French
43、President Emmanuel Macron proposed the idea of the dictionary in 2018. It now contains about 600.000 terms, Roselyne Bachelot is the French Culture Minister. She said the dictionary is not just for Frances 67 million citizens, but for the 300 million French speakers worldwide.The aim, supporters say
44、, is to recognize the way language changes. Words and expressions included in the dictionary come from over 50 countrieseven from the United States Some people in the southern U. S. state of Louisiana speak French.People can see the dictionary on a website or with an app. Users can also send in new
45、words they think should be included. Official dictionaries produced by the French Academy in Paris were first published hundreds of years ago and are regularly updated.24. What do we mean if we say a man “throws a camel” in French?A. He talks big.B. He is very strong.C. He makes a joke.D. He misspel
46、ls a word.25. What is the purpose of the publication date of the new online dictionary?A. To celebrate an event.B. To honor foreign users.C. To draw more attention.D. To meet an urgent need.26. Where does the word “pourriel” come from?A. French.B. An email.C. A holiday.D. Canada.27. What can people
47、do with the new dictionary?A. Update it regularly.B. Recommend new words to it.C. Change the meaning of its words.D. Regard it as an official dictionary.【答案】24. D 25. A 26. D 27. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。一个新的在线词典叫做讲法语者词典，收录了来自世界各地的新法语单词。文章介绍了这一词典的特点以及想法的起源。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“But in the French-speaking Demo
48、cratic Republic of the Congo, “to throw a camel” is a way of saying “to make a spelling mistake”.(但在讲法语的刚果民主共和国，“扔骆驼”的意思是“犯拼写错误”)”可知，如果我们用法语说一个人“扔骆驼”意思是他拼错了一个单词。故选D。25题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“A new online dictionary, called the French speakers dictionary, includes new French words from around the world. It w
49、as released on March 18just in time for International French Speakers Day on March 20.(一个新的在线词典叫做讲法语者词典，收录了来自世界各地的新法语单词。 它于3月18日发布，正好赶上3月20日的国际法语演讲者日)”可知，新在线词典出版日期的目的是庆祝一个事件。故选A。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“The new dictionary includes unofficial words like “pourriel”, which means an unwanted email if you are
50、 in Canada.(新词典收录了一些非官方词汇，比如“pourriel”，在加拿大意思是收到不想要的电子邮件)”可知，“pourriel”来自加拿大。故选D。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“People can see the dictionary on a website or with an app. Users can also send in new words they think should be included. (人们可以在网站上或应用程序上看到该词典。用户还可以输入他们认为应该收录的新词)”可知，人们可以给新字典推荐新单词。故选B。CScientists s
51、ay baby sharks are at risk of being born smaller and without the energy they need to survive because of warming oceans from climate change.Scientists studied epaulette sharks, which live off Australia and New Guinea. They found that warmer conditions sped up the sharks growing process. That meant th
52、e sharks were born earlier and very tired. The findings could be used in the study of other sharks, including those that give birth to live young.The scientists studied 27 sharks. Some were raised in average summer water temperatures, about 27 degrees Celsius. Others were raised in higher temperatur
53、es around 29 degrees Celsius and 31 degrees Celsius. They found that the sharks raised in the warmest temperatures weighed much less than those raised in average temperatures. They also showed reduced energy levels.Epaulette sharks can grow to a length of about one meter. Their name comes from large
54、 spots on their bodies that look like decorations on some military clothing.One study this year found that worldwide numbers of oceanie sharks and rays dropped more than 70 percent between 1970 and 2018. Overfishing is a main concern, while climate change and pollution also threaten shark.Carolyn Wh
55、eeler is a doctoral student at the University of Massachusetts Boston and with the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies at James Cook University in Australia. She was the lead author of the epaulette shark study. She said that while all the sharks survived, those raised in warmer temperat
56、ures were not strong enough to survive for long in the wild.She added that if the sharks are born smaller than usual “they are probably going to have to start looking for food soonerand theyre going to have less time to adjust to their surroundings.” The study should serve as a warning to ocean gove
57、rning agencies that careful management is needed to prevent the loss of more sharks.28. In what aspect do the warmer conditions affect the baby sharks?A. Their food.B. Their body weight.C. Their living habits.D. Their moving route.29. How did the scientists carry out their study?A. By studying forme
58、r data.B. By tracking sharks in the wild.C. By collecting information about climate change.D. By comparing sharks in waters of different temperatures30. What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about?A. The origin of sharks names.B. The sharks appearance.C. The threats to sharks survival.D. The sharks livi
59、ng environment.31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Scientists Raise Sharks to Deal with ProblemsB. Global Warming Has Reduced Shark PopulationsC. Baby Sharks Struggle to Survive in Warming OceansD. Scientists Are Struggling to Save Sharks from Extinction【答案】28. B 29. D 3
60、0. C 31. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了鲨鱼幼崽受到全球气候变化的影响，在出生时可能会变得更小，导致它们不够强壮，无法在野外长时间生存。文章介绍了研究开展的过程，说明了鲨鱼生存的威胁等情况。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Scientists say baby sharks are at risk of being born smaller and without the energy they need to survive because of warming oceans from climate change.(科学家们表示，由于气候变化导致海洋变暖，小
61、鲨鱼在出生时可能会变得更小，而且没有生存所需的能量)”可知，温暖的环境影响了小鲨鱼的体重。故选B。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“The scientists studied 27 sharks. Some were raised in average summer water temperatures, about 27 degrees Celsius. Others were raised in higher temperatures around 29 degrees Celsius and 31 degrees Celsius. They found that the shark
62、s raised in the warmest temperatures weighed much less than those raised in average temperatures. They also showed reduced energy levels.( 科学家们研究了27种鲨鱼。一些地区夏季平均水温升高，约为27摄氏度。还有一些是在29摄氏度和31摄氏度的高温下被抚养的。他们发现，在最高温度下生长的鲨鱼比在平均温度下生长的鲨鱼体重要轻得多。他们的能量水平也降低了)”可知，科学家们通过比较不同温度水域中的鲨鱼来进行他们的研究。故选D。【30题详解】主旨大意题。根据第五段“
63、One study this year found that worldwide numbers of oceanie sharks and rays dropped more than 70 percent between 1970 and 2018. Overfishing is a main concern, while climate change and pollution also threaten shark.(今年的一项研究发现，从1970年到2018年，大洋鲨和魟鱼的全球数量下降了70%以上。 过度捕捞是一个主要问题，而气候变化和污染也威胁着鲨鱼)”可知，第五段主要讲的是鲨鱼
64、生存的威胁。故选C。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Scientists say baby sharks are at risk of being born smaller and without the energy they need to survive because of warming oceans from climate change.(科学家们表示，由于气候变化导致海洋变暖，小鲨鱼在出生时可能会变得更小，而且没有生存所需的能量)”以及最后一段“She added that if the sharks are born smaller than usual “they a
65、re probably going to have to start looking for food soonerand theyre going to have less time to adjust to their surroundings.” The study should serve as a warning to ocean governing agencies that careful management is needed to prevent the loss of more sharks.(她补充说，如果鲨鱼出生时比平时小，“它们可能不得不更快地开始寻找食物，而它们适
66、应周围环境的时间也会更少。”这项研究应该作为对海洋管理机构的一个警告，需要谨慎的管理，以防止更多的鲨鱼的损失)”结合文章主要说明了鲨鱼幼崽受到全球气候变化的影响，在出生时可能会变得更小，导致它们不够强壮，无法在野外长时间生存。文章介绍了研究开展的过程，说明了鲨鱼生存的威胁等情况。可知，C选项“小鲨鱼在变暖的海洋中挣扎着生存”最符合文章标题。故选C。DThermoelectric generators turn waste heat into electricity without producing greenhouse gas emissions, like a free lunch. Bu
67、t the high cost of these devices has prevented their widespread use. Now, researchers have found a way to make cheap thermae-lectrices that work just as well. The work could pave the way for greener car engines, and other energy-generating devices.“This looks like a very smart way to realize high pe
68、rformance,” says Li-Dong Zhao, a materials scientist. He notes there are still a few more steps before these materials can become high-performing. However, he says, “This will be used in the not too far future.”Thermoelectrics are semiconductor devices placed on a hot surface. That gives them a hot
69、side and a cool side. If a device allows the hot side to warm up the cool side, the electricity stops flowing. A devices success at preventing this, as well as its ability to conduct electrons, feeds into a score known as the figure of merit, or ZT.Researchers have produced thermoelectric materials
70、with increasing ZTs. The record came in 2014 when Mercouri Kanatzidis came up with a tin selenide with a ZT of 3.1. Yet the material was too fragile to work with. “For practical applications, its a non-star-ter,” Kanatzidis says.Getting through that door will still take some time. The tin selenide t
71、he team makes is mixed with Na, creating a “p-type” material that conducts positive charges. To make working devices, researchers also need an “n-type” version to conduct negative charges.Zhaos team is now working on making an n-type version. Once successful, researchers should have a clear path to
72、making a new generation of super-efficient thermoelectric genera-tors. Those could be installed everywhere from automobile exhaust pipes to water heaters and industrial smelters to scavenge some of the 65% of fossil fuel energy that winds up as waste heat.32. The first paragraph wants to tell us_.A.
73、 The wide use of thermoelectric generatorsB. The devices of current thermoelectric generatorsC. The reason why researchers make cheap thermoelectricsD. The greener car engines that contribute to environmental protection33. How does Li-Dong Zhao feel about cheap thermoelectric generators?A. Indiffere
74、nt.B. Optimistic.C. Critical.D. Worried.34. What do you know about the research in 2014 from paragraph 4 and 5?A. It was far from a success for practical applications.B. A tin selenide with a ZT of 3.1 can be easy to work with.C. Researchers made an “n-type” version to make working devicesD. A “p-ty
75、pe” material made from the tin selenide conducts negative charges35. What does the underlined word “scavenge” in the last paragraph mean?A. Recycle.B. Produce.C. Clean.D. Increase.【答案】32. C 33. B 34. A 35. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究人员制造廉价的热力发电机，来将废热转化为电能而不产生温室气体排放。文章介绍了这种廉价热力发电机的运作方式以及仍然存在的问题。【32题详解
76、】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Thermoelectric generators turn waste heat into electricity without producing greenhouse gas emissions, like a free lunch. But the high cost of these devices has prevented their widespread use. Now, researchers have found a way to make cheap thermae-lectrices that work just as well. The
77、work could pave the way for greener car engines, and other energy-generating devices.(热电发电机将废热转化为电能而不产生温室气体排放，就像一顿免费午餐。但是这些设备的高成本阻碍了它们的广泛使用。现在，研究人员已经找到了一种方法，可以制造出廉价的热电能。这项工作可能为更环保的汽车引擎和其他能源产生设备铺平道路)”可知，第一段想告诉我们为什么研究人员制造廉价的热力发电机。故选C。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“This looks like a very smart way to realize high
78、performance,” says Li-Dong Zhao, a materials scientist. He notes there are still a few more steps before these materials can become high-performing. However, he says, “This will be used in the not too far future.”(“这看起来是一个实现高性能的非常聪明的方法，”材料科学家赵立东说。他指出，在这些材料变得高性能之前还有几个步骤。然而，他说，“这将在不久的将来使用。”)”可推知，赵立东对廉
79、价的热电发电机持乐观态度。故选B。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Yet the material was too fragile to work with. “For practical applications, its a non-star-ter,” Kanatzidis says. (然而，这种材料太脆弱，无法使用。 Kanatzidis说:“就实际应用而言，它并不是明星。”)”以及第四段中“Getting through that door will still take some time.(通过那扇门还需要一些时间)”可知，2014年的研究在实际应用中，它远未取得成功。
80、故选A。【35题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“some of the 65% of fossil fuel energy that winds up as waste heat”可知，这些装置可以把最终成为废热的能量进行回收利用，利用率可达到65%。故画线词意思是“回收利用”。A. Recycle.回收利用；B. Produce.产生；C. Clean.清理；D. Increase.增加。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Signs You Might Be Dehydrated(脱
81、水的)Dehydration is a big problem in the summer months. Unfortunately, knowing when you begin to dehydrate isnt always easy. So, as summer heats up, here are a few secret signs that you need to drink as soon as possible.Your breath smells or your mouth is dry. There is a potential relationship that li
82、nks dehydration and less than-pleasant breath, When youre dehydrated, you dont produce as much saliva(唾液)._36_So if you notice your breath is a little smelly, it could be a red flag that you need to drink a glass or two of H2O._37_Dehydration can actually temporarily shrink brain tissue, and that sh
83、rinkage may cau se pain. Such pain is a really common sign of slight to middle dehydration, and it can be either tolerable or serious.Your pee（尿液）is dark. One way health professionals diagnose dehydration is by testing a patients pee to see if its too concentrated. But it can also help to do an easy
84、 check at home. Simply look at the color of your pee. If its pale yellow, youre hydrated. If its a darker yellow, its time for a glass of water._38_Youre hungry. Thirst and hunger signs always come together._39_So if you find that youre feeling hungry soon after eating, its worth considering whether
85、 the real reason is thirst._40_Staying hydrated is a really key part of maintaining energy throughout the day. Not getting enough water to support the body to do their functions can make you feel like youre dragging. Plus, hydration can have a direct effect on sleep quality.A. Youre tired.B. You hav
86、e a headache.C. You feel like you have a summer “flu”.D. While this isnt a guarantee, it could be a sign.E. They are both produced in the same region of your brain.F. The liquid helps break down food and brings it from your mouth.G. In general, the more you drink, the clearer your liquid waste shoul
87、d be.【答案】36. F 37. B 38. G 39. E 40. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章从多个角度讲解了人体脱水的一些特征。【36题详解】本段讲解的特征是“有口气或口干”。空白前句“When youre dehydrated, you dont produce as much saliva”点明人体脱水时唾液分泌会减少，F选项“这些液体会帮助分解食物并将其带离口腔”中提到的The liquid显然是指唾液，可以承接前句，也解释了唾液的作用。故选F项。【37题详解】后句“Dehydration can actually temporarily shrink brain t
88、issue, and that shrinkage may cause pain”指出缺水会导致大脑组织收缩从而引发疼痛，容易推断应该是引发头痛，B选项“你会感到头痛”为本段的小标题。故选B项。【38题详解】本段讲解的特征是“尿液颜色深”。前句指出我们可以通过观察尿液颜色来简单判断是否脱水，即“If its pale yellow, youre hydrated. If its a darker yellow, its time for a glass of water”呈淡黄色说明不缺水，深黄色说明需要补水了，G选项“一般来说，你喝的越多，你的液体排泄物就会越清澈”总结了前句的结论，也符合段
89、落主题。故选G项。【39题详解】本段讲解的特征是“你会感到饥饿”。前句“Thirst and hunger signs always come together”指出饥饿和口渴总是一起出现的，E选项“它们都是由大脑中同一区域产生的”中both一词正好对应到前句说明的两个对象，也解释了其原因。故选E项。【40题详解】后面两句“Staying hydrated is a really key part of maintaining energy throughout the day. Not getting enough water to support the body to do their
90、functions can make you feel like youre dragging”表明保证不脱水是维持能量的关键，补水不足会使人感觉到被拖累，A选项“你会感到累”涵盖的正是文段中显示的特征，适合作为段落主题句，与前几段小标题的格式也很类似。故选A项。第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Seven years earlier, I stood at the golden gate of retirement. As I_41_what I would do
91、 next, I recalled a volunteer role called “baby cuddler” in the NICU at one of the local hospi-tals. I had long_42_to be one but just never had the time. I had always loved the_43_environment, both in work and volunteer settings Wanting to be a nurse when I was younger but never realizing the dream
92、only helped fuel my_44_.As a brand-new volunteer, I started out a little on the_45_side, and it showed. My first day_46_, I forgot where the sinks were for hand washingand I walked right past them. If a baby I held cried, I would just rock faster. I_47_every nursery rhyme I could remember, and the b
93、abies_48_me by crying louder.I thought bark to my earliest baby-holding days when I was only six years old and_49_my first little nephew., I was excited to be trusted. By age twenty, I had nine nieces and nephews. Ive had a lot of_50_in holding babies. And it seemed to_51_. The baby might sense my c
94、onfidence, quickly_52_and fell asleep.Gone are my nerve-filled,_53_days as a new volunteer. I am now frequently asked to have a new volunteer shadow me as I work. I am happy to share all I have learned. I openly share my_54_, hoping them not to do what I did. And I also share the joys, telling them
95、this is the perfect volunteer job for me. I_55_love volunteering here!41. A. realizedB. wonderedC. concludedD. doubted42. A. hatedB. demandedC. desiredD. feared43. A. educationB. growthC. healthcareD. production44. A. ambitionB. kindnessC. prideD. enthusiasm45. A. curiousB. romanticC. nervousD. pati
96、ent46. A. on dutyB. at presentC. in hospitalD. online47. A. wroteB. sangC. recordedD. taught48. A. remindedB. rewardedC. supportedD. urged49. A. heldB. raisedC. protectedD. trained50. A. serviceB. dataC. experienceD. belief51. A. failB. beginC. happenD. work52. A. gave upB. turned aroundC. kept onD.
97、 settled down53. A. comfortableB. forgetfulC. relaxingD. peaceful54. A. shortcomingsB. adventuresC. intentionsD. expectations55. A. initiallyB. randomlyC. constantlyD. absolutely【答案】41. B 42. C 43. C 44. D 45. C 46. A 47. B 48. B 49. A 50. C 51. D 52. D 53. B 54. A 55. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者快要退休时去医院
98、担任志愿者，做婴儿拥抱者的个人经历以及体会。【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我想知道自己接下来要做什么时，我想起了在当地一家医院的新生儿重症监护室担任的一个志愿者角色，名叫“婴儿拥抱者”。A. realized意识到；B. wondered想知道；C. concluded下结论；D. doubted怀疑。根据后文“what I would do next”可知作者想自己自己接下来要做什么。故选B。【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一直想成为一名儿拥抱者，但一直没有时间。A. hated讨厌；B. demanded要求；C. desired渴望；D. feared恐惧。根据后文“t
99、o be one but just never had the time”可知作者一直渴望成为一名儿拥抱者，但一直没有时间。故选C。【43题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我一直都很喜欢医疗环境，无论是在工作还是在志愿者环境中。A. education教育；B. growth成长；C. healthcare医疗保健；D. production成果。结合上文可知作者想要在医院里当婴儿拥抱者，可见是喜欢医疗环境。故选C。【44题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我年轻时想成为一名护士，但从未实现过这个梦想，这只会助长我的热情。A. ambition抱负；B. kindness善良；C. pride自豪；
100、D. enthusiasm热情。根据上文“but never realizing the dream only helped fuel my”可知未实现的梦想助长了作者这么做的热情。故选D。【45题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一个全新的志愿者，我开始时有点紧张，这一点也很明显。A. curious好奇的；B. romantic浪漫的；C. nervous紧张的；D. patient耐心的。根据上文“As a brand-new volunteer”可知作者一开始有点紧张，故选C。【46题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：我上班的第一天，我忘记了洗手的水槽在哪里我径直走过了它们。A. on
101、duty值班；B. at present目前；C. in hospital住院；D. online在线地。此处指作者开始作为志愿者在医院里值班，on duty符合语境。故选A。【47题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我唱我能记住的每一首儿歌，孩子们就以哭得更大声来报答我。A. wrote写；B. sang唱歌；C. recorded记录；D. taught教学。根据后文“every nursery rhyme I could remember”指唱儿歌，应用sing。故选B。【48题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我唱我能记住的每一首儿歌，孩子们就以哭得更大声来报答我。A. reminded提醒；
102、B. rewarded奖励；C. supported支持；D. urged催促。根据后文“me by crying louder.”可知作者唱歌安慰婴儿，孩子们就以哭得更大声来回报作者。故选B。【49题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想起了我最早抱孩子的时候，那时我才六岁，抱着我的第一个小侄子。A. held持有；B. raised抚养；C. protected保护；D. trained训练。根据上文“I thought bark to my earliest baby-holding days”指抱着作者的侄子。故选A。【50题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我有很多抱婴儿的经验。A. ser
103、vice服务；B. data数据；C. experience经验，经历；D. belief信念。根据上文“By age twenty, I had nine nieces and nephews.”可知作者抱孩子的经验丰富。故选C。【51题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这似乎很有效。A. fail失败；B. begin开始；C. happen发生；D. work工作，起作用。根据后文婴儿安定下来睡着了，可知作者的这些经验起作用了。故选D。【52题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：婴儿可能感觉到了我的自信，很快就安定下来睡着了。A. gave up放弃；B. turned around转身；C. k
104、ept on继续；D. settled down定居，安定。根据后文“and fell asleep”可知婴儿不再哭闹，安定下来睡着了。故选D。【53题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一去不复返了，我当志愿者的那些紧张、健忘的日子。A. comfortable舒服的；B. forgetful健忘的；C. relaxing放松的；D. peaceful平静地。呼应上文“I forgot where the sinks were for hand washing”指作者当志愿者时健忘。故选B。【54题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我公开地分享我的缺点，希望他们不要重蹈我的覆辙。A. shortco
105、mings缺点；B. adventures冒险；C. intentions目的；D. expectations期待。根据后文“hoping them not to do what I did” 希望他们不要重蹈覆辙，说明分享的是缺点。故选A。【55题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我非常喜欢在这里做志愿者！A. initially首先；B. randomly随便地；C. constantly总是；D. absolutely绝对地，极其。根据上文“telling them this is the perfect volunteer job for me.”可知作者很喜欢在这里当志愿者。故选D。第二
106、节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Michael Collins, the Apollo 11 command module（舱）pilot and first astronaut_56_(travel)the far side of the moon alone, has died of cancer at the age of 90.“Today the nation lost a true pioneer and lifelong advocate for_57_(explore)in astronautics,
107、” NASA Administrator Steve Jurczyk said in a statement published on Wednesday. “As the pilot of the Apollo 11 command modulesome called him the loneliest man in his torywhile his_58_(colleague)walked on the moon for the first time, he helped our nation achieve a definite milestone.”On that famous mi
108、ssion, Collins worked alone in the command module “Columbia” for 21.5 hours, during_59_the module floated behind the moon, S previously reported. In the last moments before he temporarily lost contact_60_Mission Control Centre, he wrote, “I am alone now, truly alone, and absolutely isolated from any
109、 known life. I am it. If a count were taken, the score would be 3 billion on earth plus two over on the other side of the moon, and one who knows whats on this side.” Hence, Collins_61_(earn)the nickname “loneliest man in history”. Hes also been called the “forgotten astronaut” since he was on the A
110、pollo 11 mission_62_never walked on the moon as Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin did that day, NPR reported.Regarding Collins passing, his family said, “He spent his final days_63_(peaceful), with his family by his side,” according to the NASA statement. “Please join_64_(we) in fondly and joyfully rem
111、embering his sharp intelligence, his quiet sense of purpose, and his wise insight, gained both from looking back at Earth from the best position of space and_65_(stare) across calm waters from the deck of his fishing boat,” they wrote.【答案】56. to travel 57. exploration 58. colleagues 59. which 60. wi
112、th 61. earned 62. but 63. peacefully 64. us 65. staring【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了迈克尔柯林斯(阿波罗11号指挥舱的飞行员，第一个独自到月球背面旅行的宇航员)因癌症去世的消息。文章就他的事迹进行了相关的介绍。【56题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：迈克尔柯林斯，阿波罗11号指挥舱的飞行员，第一个独自到月球背面旅行的宇航员，因癌症去世，享年90岁。_1_(travel)the far side of the moon alone是定语，修饰the first astronaut，名词前有序数词修饰，用动词不定式作定语。故填to
113、travel。【57题详解】考查名词。句意：今天，这个国家失去了一位真正的先驱和航天探索的终身倡导者。该空作介词for的宾语，应该用名词。故填exploration。【58题详解】考查名词。句意：当他的同事首次在月球上行走时，他帮助我们的国家实现了一个明确的里程碑。该空作主语，且根据下一段中的“Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin”可知，他的同事指Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin两个人，所以该处应该用名词复数形式。故填colleagues。【59题详解】考查定语从句。句意：S此前报道，在那次著名的任务中，柯林斯独自在指挥舱“哥伦比亚号”上工作
114、了21.5小时，在此期间，指挥舱漂浮在月球背面。逗号后面是非限制性定语从句，修饰21.5 hours。引导词在从句中作介词during的宾语，指物，应该用关系代词which。故填which。【60题详解】考查介词。句意：在与任务控制中心暂时失去联系之前的最后一刻，他写道。contact和介词with连用，表示“和联系”，是固定搭配。故填with。【61题详解】考查时态。句意：因此，柯林斯赢得了“历史上最孤独的人”的绰号。根据上文，柯林斯赢得这个绰号是发生在过去的事情，所以该句应用一般过去时态。故填earned。【62题详解】考查连词。句意：据美国国家公共电台(NPR)报道，他也被称为“被遗忘的
115、宇航员”，因为他参加了阿波罗11号任务，但从未像尼尔阿姆斯特朗和巴兹奥尔德林那样在月球上行走。该空连接两个谓语was和walked。应该用连词。根据语境，前后是转折关系，所以用并列连词but。故填but。【63题详解】考查副词。句意：他在家人的陪伴下平静地度过了最后的日子。该空修饰动词spend，应该用副词。故填peacefully。【64题详解】考查代词。句意：请和我们一起满怀喜悦地回忆他敏锐的智慧，他沉静的目标感，以及他睿智的洞察力，这些都来自于他从太空中最好的位置回望地球，以及从他渔船的甲板上凝视平静的海水。该空作join的宾语，应该用代词宾格形式，故填us。【65题详解】考查非谓语动词
116、。句意：请和我们一起满怀喜悦地回忆他敏锐的智慧，他沉静的目标感，以及他睿智的洞察力，这些都来自于他从太空中最好的位置回望地球，以及从他渔船的甲板上凝视平静的海水。该空和looking并列，作介词from的宾语，应该用动名词形式。故填staring。第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）第一节（满分15分）66. 假定你是李华，你的美国网友Peter对“中国成人礼（Chinese coming-of-age ceremony）”很感兴趣。请用英语给他写一封信，以中国传统的“冠笄之礼”为例向他做一个简要介绍，内容包括：1.在18岁，中国男孩要行“冠礼Guan Li”，女孩行“笄礼JiLi”；2.“冠
117、笄之礼”上，青少年要宣誓爱国家，爱人民，爱家人；3.通过仪式，青少年感悟中国传统文化，提升个人精神素养。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Dear Peter,_Looking forward to your letter about the coming of age of the United States.Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Peter,I think the coming of age depends entirely on where children live and what culture they grow up i
118、n.In some parts of China, there has recently been a popularity of the Chinese Confucian-style coming-of-age ceremonies Ji Li (for girls) and Guan Li (for boys). The ceremonies typically honor youths who have turned 18. and provide a fun opportunity to wear traditional dress, hanfu. They promise to l
119、ove and serve their homeland, people and families.Chinese coming-of-age ceremony, allowing teenagers to understand the charm of Chinese traditional culture, is also of great significance for the young generation to study Chinese traditional formality and improve their personal spiritual quality.Look
120、ing forward to your letter about the coming of age of the United States.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给美国网友Peter写一封信，以中国传统的“冠笄之礼”为例向他做一个简要介绍。【详解】1.词汇积累取决于：rely ondepend on代表性的：representativelytypically机会：chanceopportunity重要的：significant=be of great significance2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Chinese coming-of
121、-age ceremony, allowing teenagers to understand the charm of Chinese traditional culture, is also of great significance for the young generation to study Chinese traditional formality and improve their personal spiritual quality.拓展句：Chinese coming-of-age ceremony, which allows teenagers to understan
122、d the charm of Chinese traditional culture, is also of great significance for the young generation to study Chinese traditional formality and improve their personal spiritual quality.【点睛】高分句型1 I think the coming of age depends entirely on where children live and what culture they grow up in. (运用了whe
123、re引导宾语从句)高分句型2 The ceremonies typically honor youths who have turned 18. and provide a fun opportunity to wear traditional dress, hanfu. (运用了who引导定语从句)第二节（满分25分）67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。I grew up in a large family of twelve siblings（兄弟姐妹）.We werent poor by most standards, but things
124、were definitely tight for us. My parents never shared their financial worries. Instead, they chose to let us have a carefree childhood. But despite their consideration, I knew, as children often do, that there were times they went without and that certain things my friends had wouldnt be available t
125、o me.Back in those days, hot lunch was a luxury for the wealthier kids, and hot-lunch buyers sat separately from the students who brought cold lunch. My siblings and I brought lunch from home every day: thick slices of homemade bread hiding one scant slice of bologna, three oatmeal cookies, and a sm
126、all apple. We would look on longingly as the rich kids proudly sat down with their steaming plates of fried chicken or fish sticks and potato puffs, cartons of cold milk, chilled peaches and a slice of cake.I never said anything, but my first grade teacher, Mrs. Caruso, must have seen the desire in
127、my eyes. One day she quietly pressed a note into my hand and whispered, “Give this to your mother.”I skipped home and gave my mom the note. She read it and smiled. “Well, Mrs. Caruso said because of all your hard work, she wants to buy your lunch tomorrow.” The next day, I proudly carried my tray of
128、 chicken fricassee across the cafeteria and took my seat at the hot-lunch table. Honestly, the food wasnt as great as I had imagined, but I was pleased to be there and felt honored to be a part of the group.One rainy day, Mrs. Caruso asked me to stay after school. My stomach instantly dropped to the
129、 floor. Surely, I must be in trouble! Did she know I hadnt finished my math sheet? Did she see me teasing Billy on the playground?注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。After the other students had left, Mrs, Caruso said she was going to finish her work and then drive me home._I dont know why Mrs. Car
130、uso helped my family._【答案】After the other students had left, Mrs. Caruso said she was going to finish her work and then drive me home. It was raining, and she knew I had a long walk. We pulled up at my house and she got out, taking out a few bags on the porch. “Tell your mom I had a few extra things
131、 she might want,” she said Then she drove away. Inside the bags were clothes, toys, and books. That summer, Mrs. Caruso invited us all to her home. She gave us lemonade and sugar cookies, and we were amazed at the fancy fruits in her backyard.I dont know why Mrs. Caruso helped my family. Maybe she a
132、lso grew up in a family that struggled. Maybe she knew what it was like to feel just a little less than everyone else. Somehow, even with her quiet char-ity, she never made me feel ashamed. She just made me feel loved and important. Thanks to her, I learned that I had just as much night as anyone to
133、 sit at the hot-lunch table. I dont remember what Mrs. Caruso looked like anymore, but I do remember how she made me feel. Ive never lost that feeling of being important to someone and being protected by her. After all these years, Im still grateful to that wonderful teacher.【解析】【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，所给文章主
134、要讲述作者在学生时期，因为家里孩子较多条件不好，总是吃不到热的午餐，老师Mrs. Caruso看在眼里，主动为作者买了午餐，让作者内心感到很满足。后来有一天，Mrs. Caruso让作者下课后留下来，这让作者很紧张，以为自己闯了祸要被老师惩罚。【详解】1.段落续写：由第一段首句内容“其他学生走后，Mrs. Caruso说她马上干完工作，然后开车送我回家。”可知，第一段可描写Mrs. Caruso送作者回家后发生的事情。由第二段首句内容“我不知道Mrs. Caruso为什么要帮助我家里。”可知，第二段可描写作者对于Mrs. Caruso帮助自己和家人这件事的感想。2.续写线索：送回家帮助感谢铭记
135、感悟3.词汇激活行为类停下来：pull up/stop告诉：tell/talk to保护：protect/defend情绪类.感谢：be grateful/show ones appreciation/show ones gratitude惊讶于：be amazed at/be surprised at【点睛】高分句型1. We pulled up at my house and she got out, taking out a few bags on the porch.（and连接的并列句以及现在分词短语作状语）高分句型2. Maybe she also grew up in a family that struggled.（that引导的定语从句）高分句型3. Maybe she knew what it was like to feel just a little less than everyone else.（what引导的宾语从句）
