1、高考话题重组练六(阅读理解：科普类)AContrary to peoples previous knowledge, its food shortage not dietary preference that motivates birds to migrate thousands of miles back and forth between breeding and nonbreeding areas each year, a new research shows.“Its not whether you eat insects，fruits or candy bars or where
2、you eat them that counts，but how reliable that daytoday food source is，” said the study leader WAlice Boyle of the University of Arizona.To figure out the underlying pressure that drives some birds to leave home for the season，Boyle examined 379 related species of New World flycatchers(捕蝇鸟) and comp
3、ared their sizes，food types, habitats, migratory behaviors and whether or not they fed in flocks.To compare the birds，the researchers constructed a “super tree” showing the exact evolutionary relationships among different species.A computer analysis then determined whether a particular species was m
4、igratory because it ran in the “family” or whether something in the birds environment was forcing it to leave each season. Boyle and her colleagues found that food shortage was the number one issue that predicted a species migratory behavior. “Food availability is the underlying pressure, not diet a
5、nd habitat，” Boyle said.An alternative strategy that the birds use to handle food shortage is to hunt in flocks, since a group is more likely to find a new source of food than an individual.“If you suffer from food shortage, you have two options，” Boyle said.“You can either hunt with other birds or
6、you can migrate.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普说明文。人们一直以为，对食物的偏好是驱使鸟类迁徙的原因；但是最新一项研究表明，食物的短缺才是引起鸟类迁徙的最根本原因。1Birds were thought to migrate in order to Aseek their favorite food in a new placeBavoid being constantly huntedCbreed more young in a new placeDadjust themselves to the changes of weather【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中“Co
7、ntrary to peoples previous knowledge, its food shortage not dietary preference that motivates birds to migrate”可知，是食物的短缺而不是对食物的偏好驱使鸟类迁徙，这一新的研究结果推翻了人们过去错误的认识，即人们过去认为：是对食物的偏爱驱使鸟类迁徙。故选A项。【答案】A2What is Paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly about?AThe aim of the research.BThe basis of the research.CThe process of th
8、e research.DThe findings of the research.【解析】段落大意题。根据第三段中“examined 379 related species of New World flycatchers(捕蝇鸟)”和“compared their sizes，food types，habitats，migratory.”可知，第三段介绍了采集样本、对比样本的过程。根据第四段中“constructed a supertree showing.”可知，第四段介绍了研究方法。由此可知，第三、四两段综合说明了此项研究是如何进行的。故选C项。【答案】C3The passage imp
9、lies that Athe birds food sources are getting rare in the worldBthe living surroundings are severe for birdsCbirds search for food separatelyDbirds can survive only by hunting in flocks【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一句“.its food shortage not dietary preference that motivates birds to migrate thousands of miles back
10、 and forth.”可知，是食物的短缺而不是对食物的偏好驱使鸟类迁徙。由此可推知，世界上鸟类的食物资源正在减少。故选A项。【答案】A4For what purpose does the author write the text?AEducating readers.BInforming readers.CDrawing peoples attention.DCondemning the bad environment.【解析】写作意图题。文章从第一段提出重大发现到后面几段叙述研究过程，再到最后一段的研究结论可知，本文的写作目的是告知读者这一研究的新发现。故选B项。【答案】BBWhile
11、astronauts in space get to do many exciting things, they miss out on ordinary things that we all take for grantedbeing able to walk on firm ground, hanging out with family and digging into a slice of hot steaming pizza. Though not much can be done about the first two things, there may soon be a solu
12、tion to the third one, thanks to this cool 3D pizza printer!About a year ago, NASA offered $125，000 to Anjan Contractor, a 3D technology expert，to build a device(设备) that would allow astronauts to make pizza on demand. The mechanical engineer promised that his invention would produce pies in large q
13、uantities that looked, tasted and even smelled like pizza made in common ovens.Late last year, the engineer presented a video of his first prototype(原型) that begins by creating a single slice of dough(面团) that is cooked and printed at the same time. Then comes the tomato “sauce”a mix of tomato powde
14、r, oil and water and finally, a protein slice that resembles cheese. While the video doesnt show the baking process, the inventor says that once the pizza is printed, it can be ready to be consumed in 7 seconds.While the pie in the video looks delicious enough to attract any pizza lover, Anjan Contr
15、actor is far from ready for astronauts. Thats because he still has to find a solution to make the food container in the printer last for 30 years. Though that may sound unrealistic, actually it is not.Anjan Contractor believes that the only way that is possible is that the water is removed from all
16、the ingredients (配料) and then they are reduced to the powder form. This, as you can imagine, will not be so easy.But, while the printer may not be ready for space, it certainly looks ready enough for people on earth.Hopefully, NASA and Contractor will consider selling it to those not fortunate enoug
17、h to go to Mars!【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普说明文。宇航员在太空时，也会有不同的食物需求。最新的研究表明，3D打印技术有望让宇航员们在太空吃上比萨。5Why does the author mention the things that astronauts in space cannot do?ATo ask us not to take common things for granted.BTo show they live a difficult life there.CTo show their life is boring in space.DTo introduce
18、the topic of the text.【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“Though not much can be done about the first two things，there may soon be a solution to the third one，thanks to this coll 3D pizza printer！”可知，使用3D打印技术可以解决宇航员吃比萨的问题。结合下文介绍的“为宇航员提供比萨的3D打印技术”可推知，文章开篇描述两个无法实现的愿望旨在引出本文的话题。故D项正确。【答案】D6NASA offered $125，000 to Anja
19、n Contractor mainly to Acreate some new type of 3D printerBattract more companies to work for NASAChelp astronauts in space enjoy fresh pizza one dayDproduce pizza in large quantities to earn great profits【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“About a year ago，NASA offered $125，000 to Anjan Contractor，a 3D technology e
20、xpert，to build a device(设备)that would allow astronauts to make pizza on demand.”可知，美国航空航天局提供125 000美元是为了开发为宇航员们提供新鲜比萨的技术设备。故C项正确。【答案】C7The biggest challenge that Anjan Contractor is faced with now is probably that Ahe has no money left to go on with his researchBthe pizza doesnt seem appetizing to p
21、izza loversChe has no way to make pizza that can last for thirty yearsDhe cannot make the food container last for decades【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句“Thats because he still has to find a solution to make the food container in the printer last for 30 years.”可知，让打印机中的食物容器能够维持30年是目前的一大难题。故D项正确。【答案】D8Whats the
22、best title of the passage?ANASA is trying its best to help astronauts eat betterBAstronauts may soon be able to enjoy steaming hot pizzaCNASA is working on making pizza for common peopleDA 3D pizza printer has been used to make pizza【解析】标题概括题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种可以在太空自制比萨的3D打印技术，因此将来宇航员们也许能吃上热腾腾的比萨。故B项最
23、适合作为本文标题。【答案】B C 【导学号：47562255】(2016四川高考)A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good nights sleep.But now a study has found it really does help people nod offif it is milked from a cow at night.Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more mel
24、atonin (褪黑激素)，which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.The study，by researchers from Seoul，South Korea，involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.Those given night milk，which contained 10 times the amount of melato
25、nin，were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime，according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not
26、been tested on humans up to now，taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content，which helps people to relax.Milk is also sugarfree and additi
27、vefree with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening.The more fat you take in before bedtime，the greater burden you will put on your body at night.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。长期以来，人们认为睡觉前喝一杯热牛奶有助于睡眠，但研究表明，只有喝晚上挤的牛奶才真正有助于睡眠。这到底是什么原因呢？快来读文章吧！9According to t
28、he text，the mice fed with daytime milk Astarted sleep more easilyBwere more anxiousCwere less activeDwoke up laterB细节理解题。由第四段中的信息Those given night milk.were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime.可知，老鼠喝了白天挤的牛奶会更有活力，也更焦虑，故选B项。10Which of the following is tru
29、e of melatonin according to the text?AIts been tested on mice for ten times.BIt can make people more energetic.CIt exists in milk in great amount.DIts used in sleeping drugs.D推理判断题。文章中提到晚上挤的牛奶的褪黑激素含量是白天挤的牛奶的10倍，并不是说研究人员在老鼠身上测试了10次，所以A项错误；由第二段中的信息.help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.可知褪黑激素不可能使
30、人更加精力充沛，故排除B项；由第二段中的信息.“night milk”contains more melatonin.可知，并不是所有的牛奶中都含有大量的褪黑激素，故排除C项；由第六段中的信息taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night可知，褪黑激素被用于安眠药中，故D项正确。11What can be a suitable title for the text?ANight Milk and SleepBFat，Sugar and HealthCAn
31、Experiment on MiceDMilk Drinking and HealthA标题归纳题。作者在第一段就点明了文章要论述的对象晚上挤的牛奶。在接下来的几段中，作者通过研究人员在老鼠身上做的实验论证了晚上挤出的牛奶与睡眠的关系，所以最适合作文章标题的是A项。B项意为“脂肪、糖与健康”，C项意为“在老鼠身上做的一个实验”，D项意为“牛奶饮用与健康”，均与文章的主旨不符。12How does the author support the theme of the text?ABy giving examples.BBy stating arguments.CBy explaining statistical data.DBy providing research results.D推理判断题。文章的第二、三、四、五段都是讲研究人员的实验及其结果，所以作者是用研究人员的研究结果来支持论点的。文章中没有给出具体的例子，没有单纯地陈述论点，也没有解释统计数据，所以排除A、B、C三项，选D项。
