1、专题二 语法基础第八讲 定语从句和名词性从句 定语从句句子结构细辨别 示之以范 _原则这样运用1(2017全国卷)But Sarah，_ has taken part in shows along with top models,wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.who 解析：所填词引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，指人，故用 who。2(2017浙江卷 6 月)Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got swept into a pile of
2、kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden,_ it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted(生长)through it.where 解析：所填词引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作状语，先行词是表示地点的 the garden，故填 where。3(2017天津卷)My eldest son，_ work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment.whose 解析：所填词引导非限制性定语从句，并
3、在从句中作work 的定语，故用 whose。4(2017全国卷)Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time:car magazines and musical instruments._theythat/which 解析：分析句子结构可知，things 后是定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，应用 that 或 which。通关点击 _原则这样解读1高考对定语从句的考查集中在对关系代词、关系副词的选用上，故分清句子结构，搞清定语从句部分缺少何种成分至关重要。
4、(1)当定语从句部分缺少主语、宾语、定语时，要想到分别采用who(指 人)/that(指 人 或 物)/which(指 物)/whom(指人)/whose(指人或物)。The person who called yesterday wants to buy the house.昨天打电话的人想买这套房子。The school shop，whose customers are mainly students，is closed for the holidays.这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生，放假时商店关门。She showed the visitors around the museum tha
5、t/which had been constructed three years before.她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。(2)当定语从句部分缺少时间状语、地点状语、原因状语时，要想到分别采用 when，where，why。I still remember the day when/on which I first came to this school.我仍旧记得第一次来这个学校的那一天。A bank is the place where they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when i
6、t begins to rain.银行是在天晴之时借伞给你，到了下雨时就催你还回去的地方。2注意以下几点：(1)定语从句中用 that 不用 which 的情况：当先行词是 all，any，anything，everthing，nothing 等不定代词或被它们修饰时；当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时；当先行词被 the only，the very，the same，the last 等修饰时；当先行词既有人又有物时。I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone elses fault.我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我
7、进行的指责。They will never forget the persons and things that theyve seen or heard of during their long journey.他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。(2)判定定语从句部分关系词的“四步走”策略：首先找出先行词和定语从句，然后把先行词与定语从句组成一个句意完整、结构完整的句子(可增加介词)；接着分析组成的句子中先行词(包括加入的介词)在句中充当什么成分；最后依据关系代词或关系副词在句中充当的成分填入合适的关系词。限制非限要分清 示之以范 _原则这样运用1(2017北京卷)T
8、he little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.that/which 解析：所填词引导定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，先行词为 The little problems，因此用 that 或 which。2(2016全国卷)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，_ lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC.,influenced the development of c
9、hopsticks.who 解析：所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，指人，所以填 who。3(2017浙江瑞安第一次四校联考)The air quality in the city,_ is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.as 解析：句意为：正如报告中所表明的，在过去的两个月里，城市的空气质量有所改善。此处 as 引导的是非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”，指代整个主句。4(2017全国卷)In their spare time,they are interested in planting ve
10、getables in their garden,that is on the rooftop of their house._thatwhich 解析：分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指代 their garden，应用which。5(2017石家庄检测一)Also,I think its helpful to put up some boards along the tourist attractions that tourists can leave messages._thatwhere 解析：考查定语从句的关系词。分析该句结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行
11、词为 boards，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用 where 引导该定语从句。通关点击 _原则这样解读1定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种，如果在先行词的后面出现逗号的，即为非限制性定语从句。(1)that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。(2)which 引导非限制性定语从句，可以代表主句的全部或者部分内容。Tom failed again in the match，which was a great pity.汤姆在比赛中又一次失利了，这是一个非常大的遗憾。2as/which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别。as 和 which 都可引导非限制性定语从句，代表主句的内容。as 在句中的位置比较灵活，
12、意为“正如，正像”；which 只能用在句中，意为“这，这一点”。The mother tried to persuade her son to give up smoking，which didnt help.母亲竭力说服儿子放弃吸烟，但没有效果。“You cant judge a book by its cover，”as the old saying goes.正如老话所说的那样：“人不可貌相”。3在限制性定语从句中，充当宾语的 that/whom/which 不与介词直接连用时可省略，但在非限制性定语从句中，充当宾语的关系代词不能省略。介宾结构记心中 示之以范 _原则这样运用1(201
13、6 浙江卷)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,none of _ has been proved.which 解析：句意：就人类为什么哭出眼泪，科学家提出了许多理论，但没有一项理论得到过证明。先行词为 theories，将先行词代入定语从句后为：None of the theories has been proved.，由此可见先行词(指“物”)在定语从句中作介词 of的宾语，且介词 of 已被提前，故答案为 which。2(2016江苏卷)Many young people,most
14、 of _were welleducated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.whom 解析：句意：很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。先行词为 young people，指 人，将 先 行 词 代 入 定 语 从 句 后 为：Most of the_young_people were well-educated.，由此可见先行词在定语从句中作介词 of 的宾语，故答案为 whom。3(2015重庆卷)He wrote many childrens books，nearly half of _ w
15、ere published in the 1990s.which 解析：此题的先行词是 childrens books，指物，因此关系词用 which。此处是“代词介词which”型的非限制性定语从句。4 (2017 湖 北 八 校 第 一 次 联 考)Altogether I had five roommates，two of which arrived later._whichwhom 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，应用 whom 引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作介词 of 的宾语，修饰先行词 five roommates。通关点击 _原则这样解读1介宾结构是解决定语从句问题的一大
16、法宝，即介词后面需要跟名词(动名词)作宾语。(1)在定语从句中，充当宾语的为 that/which/whom，而 that不能与介词直接连用，故介词后填写关系代词时，只可能为which(指物)和 whom(指人)。(2)关系副词 when，where 在定语从句中，一般可改为“介词which”的情况。而 why 在定语从句中可替换为 for which。I saw some trees，the leaves of which were black with disease.我看到一些树，树叶由于疾病是黑色的。I still remember the factory in which/where
17、 I worked.我仍记得我工作过的那个工厂。2“名词of which”常代替“whose名词”在定语从句中作定语。He mentioned a book，the title of which(whose title)Ive forgotten.他提到了一本书，书的名字已经忘了。名词性从句从句判定依定义 示之以范 _原则这样运用1(2016北京卷)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.that 解析：本空需要连接词引导表语从句，连接词在从句中不作任何成分，也无任何
18、意义，只起连接作用，故用 that引导。2(2016 天津卷)The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.that 解析：suggestion 后是同位语从句，从句的结构和意义均完整，故用 that 引导。3(2017陕西检测一)Such stories set up thinking，wondering _ we should do under similar circumstances.what 解析：考查连接词。what 引导宾语从句，在从句
19、中作do 的宾语。4(2017重庆南开中学月考)_ I am talking about is not the recent movies，but the village in England with the same name.What 解析：句意：我正谈论的不是最近的电影，而是与这部 电 影 同 名 的 一 个 英 国 村 庄。分 析 句 子 结 构 可 知_ I am talking about 为主语从句，从句中缺少about 的宾语，表示事物，故填 What。5(2016全国卷)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that
20、I live._thatwhere 解析：宾语从句中缺少地点状语，故用 where引导。6(2016全国卷)My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday._howwhat 解析：从句中的 do 是及物动词，故应用连接代词 what 作动词 do 的宾语。通关点击 _原则这样解读1名词性从句“语法性”最强，难度最大。在解答这类问题时要紧抓其基本定义，掌握名词性从句的引导词。引导词 用法 连词that,whether,if 等均不在句中作成分。that 没有意义，引导宾语从句时可省略；whether 和if 意
21、为“是否”，在宾语从句中可互换，但在其他名词性从句中只能用whether 引导词 用法 连接代词what，who，whom，which,whatever，whoever,whichever 等 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分 连接副词when，where，why，how,whenever，wherever,however 等 在从句中作状语 The doctor really doubts whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.医生真正怀疑的是我妈妈是否能从严重的疾病中很快康复。We promise whoe
22、ver attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.我们保证，任何参加这个聚会的人都有机会与那个电影明星合影。2如果一个从句在句中充当主语，则称作主语从句，在句中充当宾语则称作宾语从句，在句中充当表语则称作表语从句，在句中充当同位语则称作同位语从句。What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.(主语从句)芭芭拉琼斯展现给她的粉丝们的是诚实和快乐。That he passed the driving test made u
23、s very happy.(主语从句)他通过了驾照考试使我们非常高兴。Id like to start my own businessthats what Id do if I had money.(表语从句)我愿意自己创业那就是如果我有钱将会做的事情。When the news came that the war broke out，he decided to serve in the army.(同位语从句)当战争爆发的消息传来时，他决定参军。3名词性从句需要注意以下两点：(1)当句子作主语或宾语时往往显得“头重脚轻”，故常用 it作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面。It
24、had never occurred to him that he might be falling in love with her.他从来没想到过他也许爱上了她。The teacher made it clear that ice cream is junk food.老师使大家明白了冰激凌是垃圾食品。(2)“the reason why.bethat 从句”形式的表语从句。The reason why he moved to Australia was that he wanted to have a good knowledge of Australian literature.他移居
25、澳大利亚的原因是想学习(精通)澳大利亚文学。句意语境巧解题 示之以范 _原则这样运用1(2017天津卷)She asked me _ I had returned the books to the library,and I admitted that I hadnt.if/whether 解析：所填词引导宾语从句，在从句中不作成分，但表示“是否”意义，故用 if 或 whether。2(2017北京卷)Every year,_ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.whoever 解析：句意：每
26、年，无论是谁，只要制作出最美的风筝，他就会在风筝节上赢得奖品。分析句子结构可知，主语从句缺少主语，表示“无论是谁”，故填 whoever。3(2017北京卷)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street,not knowing _ she was heading.where 解析：句意：Jane 漫无目的地沿着绿树成荫的街道往前走，不知道要去哪里。此处应用 where 引导宾语从句。4(四川卷)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said，“Thats _I was born.”where 解析：句意：“那就
27、是我出生的地方。”奶奶指着那家医院对我说。前面提到了医院，所以设空处应该是表地点，故用 where 引导该表语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。5(2015全国卷)As natural architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly_thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.how 解析：根据语境和空后的形容词 thick 可知应用 how引导宾语从句，表示程度。此处表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墙需要多厚。故答案为 how。6(2017湖南株洲二中月考)
28、With an optimistic attitude and a strong will，we can overcome _difficulties we might meet with and achieve our goals.whatever 解析：句意：带着乐观的态度和强烈的愿望，我们能够克服可能遇到的任何困难，取得成功。通过分析句子可知，overcome 后为宾语从句，动词短语 meet with 后缺少宾语，再结合句意可知用 whatever 修饰名词 difficulties 引导宾语从句。通关点击 _原则这样解读有 些 引 导 词 在 句 中 具 有 非 常 鲜 明 的“含 义”，如if/whether 是否；whatever 无论什么；whoever 无论谁；because因为；why 为什么。在解答这类题目时，只要句意翻译不出问题，充分了解语境即能解决。Whether she is coming doesnt matter much.她来不来没多大关系。The poor boy is seen doing whatever work he can find.我们看到，只要有工作，这个可怜的男孩就干。本部分内容讲解结束 按ESC键退出全屏播放
