1、课时分层作业(四)Section 高考题型练习提能力.阅读理解ARobots will have taken over most jobs within 30 years leaving humanity facing its “biggest challenge ever” to find meaning in life when work is no longer necessary，according to experts.Professor Moshe Vardi, of Rice University, in the US.，says that many middleclass pr
2、ofessionals will be assisting the work of machines within the next few decades leaving workers with more leisure(休闲)time than they have ever experienced.Prof Vardi said the rise of robots could lead to unemployment rates greater than 50 percent.“We are approaching a time when machines will be able t
3、o do better than humans at almost any task，” said Vardi, a professor in computational engineering.Robots are doing more and more jobs that people used to do. I believe that society needs to face this question before its upon us. If machines can do almost any work humans can do, what will humans do?“
4、The question I want to put forward is，Does the technology we are developing finally benefit mankind？”Prof Vardi said existing robotic and artificial intelligence (AI)technologies were already getting rid of a growing number of middleclass jobs and that pace of advancement in the field is increasing.
5、But Prof Vardi is not sure that a workforce of humanlike robots will be good for mankind.“A typical answer is that if machines will do all our work, we will be free to pursue(追求)leisure activities，”he said.“I do not find this a promising future, as I do not find the idea of leisureonly life appealin
6、g. I believe that work is essential to human wellbeing.”“Humanity is about to face perhaps its greatest challenge ever, which is finding meaning in life.”“We need to rise to the occasion and meet this challenge before human labor becomes out of date.”“What s different this time is computer scientist
7、s are working on building machines that can do everything we can do, only better. If machines can do all the work or even 50 percent of the jobs that we used to do, what will people do？”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。专家警示，30年内机器人将接管大部分工作。1What does Professor Moshe Vardi say about future human jobs?AThey will be mor
8、e challenging.BMost will disappear completely.CMost will be replaced by robots.DThey will require higher degrees.C细节理解题。由第二、三段的描述可知，在未来的几十年内，人类的大部分工作将由机器人来完成。2What is Prof Vardi concerned about?AThe rapid population growth.BThe fast development of robots.CWhether robots will rule humans.DWhether rob
9、ots will do good to humans.D细节理解题。由第六段中的Does the technology we are developing finally benefit mankind？以及第八段But Prof Vardi is not sure that a workforce of humanlike robots will be good for mankind.可知，Vardi教授担心人类发明的技术是否最终会让人类受益。3How does Prof Vardi find leisureonly life?AIdeal.BUndesirable.CCarefree.
10、DInteresting.B推理判断题。由倒数第四段中的I do not find this a promising future，as I do not find the idea of leisureonly life appealing.可知，Vardi教授并不觉得只有休闲的生活吸引人。4What will humans face in the next few decades?ALabor shortage.BProduction surplus.CFierce competition.DLack of life purposes.D细节理解题。由倒数第三段的Humanity is a
11、bout to face perhaps its greatest challenge ever，which is finding meaning in life.以及最后一段中的If machines can do all the work or even 50 percent of the jobs that we used to do，what will people do？可知，如果机器能够做所有的工作，抑或甚至百分之五十的工作，人类即将面临最大的挑战，那就是找到生活的意义。BDonna Strickland is a professor in the Department of Ph
12、ysics and Astronomy.Professor Strickland is one of the recipients of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2018 with Grard Mourou，her PhD supervisor at the time.They published this Nobelwinning research in 1985 when Strickland was a PhD student at the University of Rochester in New York state.Together they pav
13、ed the way toward the most intense laser pulses(激光脉冲)ever created.Professor Donna Strickland is only the third woman ever to have won a Nobel Prize in physics.She and her fellow winners were honored for what the Nobel Committee called groundbreaking inventions in laser physics.Professor Strickland d
14、evised a way to use lasers as very precise drilling or cutting tools.Millions of eye operations are performed every year with these sharpest of laser beams.“How surprising do you think it is that youre the third woman to win this prize？”“Well，that is surprising，isnt it？I think thats the story of Mar
15、ia that people want to talk aboutthat why should it take 60 years？There are so many women out there doing fantastic research，so why does it take so long to get recognized？”Physics still has one of the largest gender gaps in science.One recent study concluded that at the current rates it would be mor
16、e than two centuries until there were equal numbers of senior male and female researchers in the field.The last woman to win a physics Nobel was Germanborn Maria GoeppertMayer for her discoveries about the nuclei (核心)of atoms.Before that it was Marie Curie，who shared the 1903 prize with her husband，
17、Pierre.This years winners hope that breaking this half century hiatus (间断)will mean the focus in future will be on the research，rather than the gender of the researcher.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。斯特里克兰德教授是2018年诺贝尔物理学奖的获得者之一。她是第三个获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性。女性在物理方面的成就越来越了不起。5Which of the following best explains “groundbreaking
18、” underlined in Paragraph 2?AActive. BTalented.CCreative. DAwesome.C词义猜测题。根据画线词所修饰的inventions可知，画线词修饰的是事物，且是获奖的理由，由此推知，画线词的意思是“具有创造性的”。故选C。6What do we know about Professor Stricklands achievement?A.She created the most intense laser pulses by herself.BShe advocated equality between man and women.CSh
19、e discovered the nuclei of atoms with her husband.DShe invented a way of using lasers as accurate cutting tools.D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Professor Strickland devised a way to use lasers as very precise drilling or cutting tools.”可知，斯特里克兰德教授发明了一种利用激光作为非常精确的钻孔或切割工具的方法。故选D。7When was the second Nobel Prize in phy
20、sics awarded to woman?AIn 1963. BIn 1985.CIn 1903. DIn 1958.D推理判断题。根据第一段第二句中“Professor Strickland is one of the recipients of the Nobel Prize in Physics 2018”和第二段首句“Professor Donna Strickland is only the third woman ever to have won a Nobel Prize in physics.”及第四段中“that why should it take 60 years”可知
21、，斯特里克兰德教授是2018年获得诺贝尔物理学奖，她是第三位诺贝尔物理学奖的女性获得者，与第二位女性物理学奖获得者相隔了60年(2018601958)。由此推知，第二个诺贝尔物理学奖是在1958年授予女性的。故选D。8What can be inferred from the statements in Paragraph 5?AWomans achievements in physics are as great as mans.BWomans achievements in physics are more and more fantastic.CMarias discoveries re
22、sulted from her long time research.DGender discrimination still exists in the field of science research.B推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Physics still has one of the largest gender gaps in science.One recent study concluded that at the current rates it would be more than two centuries until there were equal numbers o
23、f senior male and female researchers in the field.”可知，物理学仍然是科学领域性别差距最大的学科之一。最近的一项研究得出的结论是，按照目前的速度，要过两个多世纪，这个领域才会有同等数量的资深男性和女性研究人员。可知，女性在物理方面的成就越来越了不起。故选B。.阅读七选五How to live with an elderly personLiving with an elderly person has both rewards and challenges for everyone involved._1_Both parties need t
24、o be patient and understand their unique living situation in order to make it work.Here are some tips to live with an elderly person.Communicate with your elderly roommate._2_If you dont communicate, you wont know each others problems and concerns.As a result, you wont be able to form a relationship
25、 that respects both of your unique qualities._3_ Both parties need to come to an agreement about each others space, independence, and autonomy (自主性).You need to understand what your elderly person is comfortable with when it comes to being assisted.Talk to them about their expectations about your re
26、lationship.Discuss use of shared space like the bathroom, kitchen, or living room.Figure out finances.Figure out who pays for what ahead of time.Having finances decided and agreed upon ahead of time could save you from a headache or even legal fees in the future.Records will make a big difference he
27、re, so if you start out knowing who pays for what, and have it written down, you are ahead of the game._4_Give the person privacy.When possible, they should have as much privacy and personal space as it is practical to allow.Dont turn yourself into a caregiver.Dont become a nurse without need._5_Alw
28、ays communicate first if you are concerned about your elderly roommate.ADecide boundaries.BRespect each other.CDont leave them alone.DDont enter their personal space.EThis will help you avoid problems in the future.FCommunication is the most important element of any relationship.GBut we also need to
29、 respect the need of older people to feel independent.【语篇解读】文章介绍了如何和老人一起生活。1G根据上文“Living with an elderly person has both rewards and challenges for everyone involved.”和下文“Both parties need to be patient and understand their unique living situation in order to make it work.”可知，空处与上文形成转折关系，说明要尊重老年人独立的
30、需要。故选G。2F空处为该段主题句“Communicate with your elderly roommate.”的支撑句，下文提到了“If you dont communicate, you wont know each others problems and concerns.可知，此处为不交流造成的不良后果。F项中的“Communication”为关键词，与上下文呼应。故选F。3A空处为段落主题句。根据下文“Both parties need to come to an agreement about each others space, independence, and auton
31、omy.Discuss use of shared space like the bathroom, kitchen, or living room.”可知，本段是在说明确定各自的边界，包括空间和情感上的边界。故选A。4E空处为段落结尾句。根据上文“Records will make a big difference here, so if you start out knowing who pays for what, and have it written down, you are ahead of the game.”可知，该句总结了这样做的结果。故选E。5D根据上文“Dont tur
32、n yourself into a caregiver.Dont become a nurse without need.”可知，空处与前两句构成并列关系，且D项中的“personal space”和本段的主题句“Give the person privacy.(给对方隐私)。”对应。故选D。.语法填空We spend the majority of our lives at work.So if were not happy with our jobs，were not happy with most of life.That is one reason 1._ some of us sta
33、rt racing and 2._ (hope)for something different.Too many people live their precious lives in 3._ (survive)mode，like robots.People are frustrated or drained on Monday 4._ (morning)，but they are looking forward to the weekends so that they can feel alive.When were happy with our work，theres nothing wr
34、ong with Monday mornings.If you find 5._ (you)stuck in a job you dont like，know that you always have a choice 6._ (step)outside your comfort zone and work toward something new.It may not be easy to change careers，7._ (especial)if you have limited education and people depending on you.8._ its possibl
35、e to do something you believe in，something that brings you genuine joy and fulfillment.The key is to work toward something new that also 9._ (bring)joy to your daily life so you dont fall 10._ the trap of waiting for the future to be happy.Remind yourself that no matter what happens, even if your ci
36、rcumstances are never ideal，you can still be happy.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。我们大多数人像机器人一样不知疲倦地为了生活打拼，从而也厌倦了自己的工作。但是作者认为要想获得真正的幸福，就得爱自己的工作。1why考查关系副词。此处是一个定语从句，先行词是reason，引导词在从句中作原因状语，故答案为why。2hoping考查动名词。根据前文并列连词and可知，本空与racing一样作动词start的宾语，前文是动名词，故本空也用动名词。3survival考查名词。survival mode意为“生存模式”。4mornings考查名词复数。本句
37、描述的是经常性的情况，故morning使用复数形式。根据下文中的theres nothing wrong with Monday mornings也可确定答案。5yourself考查代词。因本句的主语you和宾语you都是第二人称，故宾语使用反身代词形式。6to step考查动词不定式。下文“step outside your comfort zone and work toward something new”是前文have a choice的目的，故使用不定式形式。7especially考查副词。此处表示递进关系，意为“尤其是，特别是”，故使用副词形式。8But考查连词。前文It may not be easy to change careers与下文its possible to do something you believe in是转折关系，故应使用连词But。9brings考查主谓一致。此处是一个定语从句，that指代的是不定代词something，故从句的谓语使用单数形式。10into考查固定搭配。根据下文宾语trap可知，本空考查短语fall into，其意为“掉入”。
