1、Period Two Part Grammar 被动语态 英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态(The Active Voice)和被动语态(ThePassive Voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。主动语态和被动语态可以相互转换，但是句子意思没有发生变化。例如：They have put forward an agreement.(主动)An agreement has been put forward.(被动)语法精析 一、被动语态的基本结构助动词be及物动词的过去分词，即be done。其中，被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其形式
2、与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。以give 为例，列表如下：一般现在时 am/is/aregiven 一般过去时 was/weregiven 一般将来时 shall/willbegiven 现在进行时 am/is/arebeinggiven 过去进行时 was/werebeinggiven 现在完成时 have/hasbeengiven 过去完成时 hadbeengiven 将来完成时 shall/willhave beengiven 过去将来时 should/wouldbegiven 含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词be done 注意：被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。被动语态的否定式
3、：在第一个助动词后加not构成。Russian is not taught in our school.我们学校不教俄语。被动语态的疑问式：把第一个助动词提到主语之前，句尾加问号。Were many trees planted on the hill yesterday?昨天山上种了许多树吗？How much money was stolen in all?一共被偷了多少钱？二、使用被动语态需注意的几点1.被动语态中，一般使用by来介绍动作的执行者，但是如果是双方都知道或者没有必要、也不重要或者很难说出谁是执行者的情况下，我们可以不用提及。The floor was swept by us.地
4、是我们扫的。The smart jacket has been developed this year.智能夹克今年被开发出来了。2.在一些情况下使用get来代替系动词be表示被动，如 get changed，gethurt，get dressed等。The car is coming.Be careful，or youll get hurt.车来了，小心一点，要不然就受伤了。有些动词可以用主动表示被动，常见的有：(1)系动词如sound(听起来)，taste(吃起来)，smell(闻起来)，feel(摸起来)，look/seem(看起来)等。He is not such a fool as
5、he looks.他并不像他看起来那么傻。Silk feels soft and smooth.丝绸摸起来柔软光滑。(2)某些不及物动词如open，close，shut，read，write，translate，wash，clean，lock，sell，wear，cut，cook等，当主语是物，且因该事物本身具有某一固有特点使得谓语动词能以某种方式得以实现或难以实现时，用主动形式表示被动含义。This shirt will wear very long.这衬衫可以穿很久。This cheese doesnt cut easily.Its too soft.这乳酪不容易切，太软了。(3)不定式t
6、o blame，to let等作表语时，用主动表示被动。This house is to let.此房出租。Nobody is to blame for it.谁也不该因此受责备。(4)need，want，require等用于表示“(某物)需要”时，用主动表被动。The flowers need watering(to be watered).这些花需要浇水。The floor requires washing(to be washed).地板该洗了。(5)be worth后的动名词用主动表示被动，常用于sth.be worth doing中。His suggestion is worth c
7、onsidering.他的建议值得考虑。This clock is hardly worth repairing.这个钟表几乎不值得修了。三、主动语态与被动语态的转换1.主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，原主变宾by后见，时态人称be关键。We are painting the rooms.The rooms are being painted(by us).They bought ten computers last term.Ten computers were bought last term(by them).注意：把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，
8、其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。We have bought a new computer.A new computer has been bought.2.主语谓语间接宾语(sb.)直接宾语(sth.)My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.I was given a present on my birthday.A present was given to me on my birthday.注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to如bring，give，hand，lend，offer，pass，pay，promise，sell，sho
9、w，take，teach，tell 等。一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for，如：build，buy，cook，cut，choose，do，fetch，find，fix，get，keep，make，order，paint，play，sing 等。Some wonderful stamps were given to us.一些有趣的邮票被分发给了我们。A new skirt was made for me.有人为我做了一条新裙子。有些既不用to也不用for，而是根据动词与介词的搭配关系。I was asked a question.A question was asked of me.P
10、eople all over the world know the Great Wall.The Great Wall is known to people all over the world.(不用by短语)3.主语谓语宾语宾语补足语 带复合宾语(宾语宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主语结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。We always keep the classroom clean.The classroom is always kept clean.She told us to follow her instructions.We were told to f
11、ollow her instructions.注意：在see，watch，hear，notice，listen to，look at，make，feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to的问题。We often hear him play the guitar.He is often heard to play the guitar.注意：带有复合宾语的句子，如果宾语补足语是名词，变被动句时，应将宾语变为主语，不要误把作宾语补足语的名词作主语。Tomatoes were first taken
12、back to Europe and people called them loveapples.Tomatoes were first taken back to Europe and they were called loveapples.四、下列情况主动句不能改为被动句1.感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如feel，look，seem，taste，sound，remain等。It feels very soft.它感觉很软。The food tastes delicious.食物尝起来很好吃。2.谓语是及物动词leave，enter，reach，suit，have，benefit，
13、lack，own等。He entered the room and got his book.他走进房间拿他的书。She had her hand burned.她的手烧伤了。3.不及物动词没有被动语态，如rise，happen，succeed，remain，lie等。When we got to the top of the mountain，the sun had already risen.当我们到达山顶时，太阳已经升起来了。After the earthquake，few houses remained.地震过后，房子所剩无几。4.一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take plac
14、e，break out，belong to，lose heart，consist of，add up to等。The fire broke out in the capital building.首都大厦发生了火灾。5.宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v.ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语。I taught myself English.我自学英语。We love each other.我们彼此相爱。6.有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well，badly，easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：w
15、rite，read，clean，sell，wash，cook 等。The cloth washes easily.这布很好洗。The new product sells well.新产品很畅销。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写字很流畅。对比：The books sell well.(主动句)书卖得很好。The books were sold out.(被动句)书已经卖完了。五、特殊句式在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示。It is said that.据说 It is reported that.据报道 It is supposed that
16、.据推测 It is hoped that.希望 It is well known that.众所周知 It is generally considered that.人们普遍认为 It is suggested that.有人建议 It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.据报道，明天要下雨。It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.众所周知，托马斯爱迪生发明了电灯。即时跟踪.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.Every year in September o
17、r October，the Mid-Autumn Festival _(celebrate)by the Chinese people all over the world.2.In the old days，dragon boat races(organise)only byChinese people.3.It(call)zongzi，which is sticky rice in fresh bamboo leaves.4.The boy is so curious that he wants to know what _(discuss)now in the secret room.答
18、案 is being discussediscelebratedwere organisedis called5.A talk on how to learn English(give)in the schoolmeeting hall tomorrow afternoon.6.Her forehead(feel)hot.Im afraid she is ill.7.So far no letter(receive)from my friends.8.The old man is seriously ill.He(must，send)to the hospitalat once.答案 must
19、 be sentwill be givenfeelshas been received.将下列句子改为被动语态 1.His doctor made him have only two meals a day._ 2.You must take this medicine three times a day._ 3.What can they do to finish the work on time?_ 4.My father has damaged his car and the workers are repairing it in the garage._ 答案 He was made
20、to have only two meals a day by his doctor.This medicine must be taken three times a day.What can be done by them to finish the work on time?My fathers car has been damaged and is being repaired by theworkers in the garage.5.Sometimes I think a passing plane will knock down my house._ 6.She rewarded
21、 him with a smile._ 7.They gave us food as well as money.(1)_(2)_ 8.The Smiths are looking after the poor boy._ 答案 Sometimes I think my house will be knocked down by a passing plane.He was rewarded with a smile by her.We were given food as well as money by them.Food as well as money was given(to)us
22、by them.The poor boy is being looked after by the Smiths.1.More efforts，as reported，in the years ahead to accelerate thesupply-side structural reform.(2016江苏，22)A.are madeB.will be made C.are being madeD.have been made 高考链接 解析答案 123456B解析 考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意为：正如报道的那样，要加快供给侧结构性改革今后几年要付出更多的努力。根据时间状语in the
23、years ahead可知，此处要用一般将来时，再结合主语more efforts与动词make之间为被动关系可知答案为B。2.The students have been working hard on their lessons and their effortswith success in the end.(2016北京，30)A.rewardedB.were rewarded C.will rewardD.will be rewarded 解析答案 D解析 考查时态和语态。句意为：学生们一直努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会获得成功的。由句意可知，reward这一动作发生在have be
24、enworking之后，故用将来时态；reward和efforts之间为被动关系，所以用一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。123456123453.To my delight，Ifrom hundreds of applicants to attend theopening ceremony.(2015福建，26)A.was chosenB.was being chosen C.would chooseD.had chosen 解析答案 A解析 考查动词的时态和语态。句意为：令我高兴的是，在几百个申请者中我被选中参加开幕式了。首先，句子主语I和choose是被动关系，所以要用被动语态；其次，本句是
25、对过去所发生事情的客观描述，所以用一般过去时。6123454.More expresswaysin Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.(2015四川，4)A.are being builtB.will be built C.have been builtD.had been built 解析答案 B解析 考查时态。句意为：四川将建设更多的高速公路以促进当地的经济(发展)。根据时间状语soon可知，此句为将来时，故选B。6123455.Did you enjoy the party?Yes.Wewell by our hosts.(2015北京，
26、22)A.were treatedB.would be treated C.treatedD.had treated 解析答案 A解析 考查时态和语态。句意为：你们在晚会上玩得开心吗？很开心，主人把我们招待得很好。根据问句中的did可知用一般过去时；且we和treat是动宾关系，应用被动语态，因此该空应用一般过去时的被动语态，故选A。66.Unless some extra money，the theatre will close.(2014大纲全国，22)A.was foundB.findsC.is foundD.found C解析 考查动词的时态和语态。句意为：除非找到额外的资金，要不然，这家剧院就得关门了。由句意可知，此处是unless引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来，排除A、D两项。题中从句的主语some extra money与动词find之间为被动关系，因此要用被动语态，故排除B项，选C项。返回 解析答案 123456本课结束 更多精彩内容请登录：
