1、课时作业(八)Unit 2Section Grammar被动语态.阅读理解Fairy tales perform many functions. They entertain, they encourage imagination, and they teach problemsolving skills. They can also provide moral (道德的) lessons.Such moral lessons may not mean much to a robot, but a team of researchers at Georgia Institute of Tech
2、nology (GIT) believes it has found a way to turn the instructive fable (寓言) into a moral lesson and let artificial intelligence (AI) take it to its cold, mechanical heart.This, the researchers hope, will help prevent the intelligent robots from harming or even killing humanity, which is predicted an
3、d feared by some of the biggest names in technology, including Stephen Hawking, Elon Musk and Bill Gates.“The collected stories of different cultures teach children how to behave in socially acceptable ways with examples of proper and improper behavior in fables, novels and other literature，” said M
4、ark Riedl, an associate professor of interactive computing at Georgia Tech, who has been working on the technology with research scientist Brent Harrison. So they believe that story comprehension in robots can also get rid of violent or dangerous behavior and help them make choices that wont harm hu
5、mans and still achieve the intended purpose.Their system is called “Quixote”. The example story involves going to a chemist to buy some medication for a human who needs it as quickly as possible. The robot has three choices. It can wait in line; it can communicate with the chemist politely and buy t
6、he medicine; or it can steal the medicine.Without any further instructions, the robot will come to the conclusion that the most efficient means of getting the medicine is to steal it. Quixote offers a reward signal for waiting in line and politely buying the medication and a punishment signal for ta
7、king it without permission. In this way, it learns the “moral” way to behave in that situation.1What is the concern of the three top technology experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?AThe difficulties of the GIT scientists.BThe high costs of AI development.CThe problems with moral lessons.DThe potential t
8、hreat from robots.2Which of the following inspired the idea of the study?AKids great interest in fairy tales.BStories moral influence on children.CThe link between stories and cultures.DRobots creative ability to read stories.3What is most important for the robot in the example story?ABuying the che
9、apest medicine.BGetting the most effective medicine.CBuying the medicine from the best chemist.DGetting the medicine in the shortest time.4What is the role of Quixote when the robot buys the medicine?AHelp the robot choose the right medicine.BGive the robot specific instructions.COffer the robot a l
10、ot of rewards.DSend out various signals.阅读七选五Every week for the past thirty years, I have hosted a Sunday dinner in my home. People, including total strangers, call or email to book a spot. I hold the salon in my studio. The first fifty people who call may cometwice that many when the weather is nic
11、e and we can overflow into the garden._1_ Last week it was a philosophy student from Lisbon, and next week a dear friend from London will cook.People from all corners of the world come to break bread together, to meet to talk，and often to become friends. All ages, nationalities, races, and professio
12、ns gather here, and since there is no organized seating, the opportunity for connecting couldnt be better. I love the randomness (随意)I have a good memory so each week I make a point to remember everyones name on the guest list and where theyre from so I can introduce them to one another. If I had my
13、 way, I would introduce everyone in the whole world to one another._2_ Many travelers go to see things like the Tower of London, the Statue of Liberty, the Eiffel Tower, and so on. I travel to see friends，evenor especiallythose Ive never met.In the late 1980s, I edited a series of guidebooks to diff
14、erent countries. _3_ Instead, each book contained about a thousand biographies of people who would be willing to welcome travelers in their cities. Hundreds of friendships evolved from these encounters, including marriages and babies.The same can be said for my salon. At a recent dinner a sixyearold
15、 girl from Bosnia spent the entire evening glued to an eightyearold boy from Estonia. Their parents were surprised, and pleased, by this immediate friendship._4_ Most of them speak English, at least as a second language. Recently a dinner featured a typical mix: a beautiful painter from Norway, a tr
16、uck driver from Arizona, a newspaper editor from Sydney and students from all over.It is unnecessary to understand others; one must, at the very least, simply tolerate others._5_ No one can ever really understand anyone else, but you can love them or at least accept them.I am a world citizen. All hu
17、man history is mine. My roots cover the earth. We should know each other. Okay, now come and dine.AI believe in introducing people to people.BPeople are the most important thing in my life.CThere were no sights to see, no shops or museums to visit.DTolerance can lead to respect and, finally, to love
18、.EAfter all, our lives are all connected.FEvery Sunday a different friend prepares a feast.GThere is always a collection of people throughout the world.完形填空My friend Brett had just gotten a bike and many other kids in my neighborhood knew how to ride. I also wanted to, but I didnt _1_ know the diffe
19、rence between the clutch (离合器) and the front brake (闸). All the _2_ told me I couldnt do it because I was a girl. I was determined to prove them _3_， so Brett let me try his bike. I wasnt on for one minute _4_ I fell off. He came over to _5_ if I was okay, but then started laughing.That night I told
20、 my dad the whole story. He asked how much I really wanted to _6_ and I told him it was everything I _7_.A few days later, my dad brought a nice bike home. He spent four long weeks _8_ me everything I needed to know about the_9_ and the basics of riding. No one truly believed I could learn to _10_ e
21、xcept my dad. Day after day he worked with me, and I began to _11_. I was so _12_.Each ride on my bike, I got a little better, and _13_ I was ready for my first time on the roads. But still, I was _14_ by the boys. I cannot even remember how many nights I spent crying when I had lost my _15_ because
22、 those boys teased me. Every time I needed a shoulder to cry on, my dad was there. He never let me _16_ and always had faith in me, even if I couldnt do something right.My dad was a huge _17_ that summer and taught me so much that will stay with me for the rest of my life, _18_ that I shouldnt let o
23、thers put me down. I also learned that I can do anything with enough _19_ and practice, but I never would have achieved my dream of learning how to ride a bike _20_ my dad.1A.already BonlyCeven Dalways2A.neighbors BboysCclassmates Dparents3A.correct BdifferentCguilty Dwrong4A.before BuntilCwhen Dsin
24、ce5A.know BseeCdecide Dexplain6A.continue BstopClearn Dchange7A.dreamed about Bset aboutCprepared for Dsearched for8A.asking BteachingCchecking Dexamining9A.method BskillCbike Dcar10A.ride BplayCprove Dcompete11A.move BrealizeCunderstand Dprogress12A.brave BthankfulCcalm Doptimistic13A.immediately B
25、clearlyCprobably Dfinally14A.looked out Bkept offClaughed at Dturned down15A.chance BwayCmind Dconfidence16A.break away Bget outClook back Dgive up17A.help BheroCchallenge Dproblem18A.simply BespeciallyCobviously Dfortunately19A.work BcuriosityCpride Ddetermination20A.with BforCwithout Dexcept课时作业(八
26、).阅读理解【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章报道了一项关于人工智能研究领域的新进展对机器人进行道德培训。1答案与解析：D细节理解题。由第三段的“intelligent robots from harming or even killing humanity, which is predicted and feared by some of the biggest names in technology, including Stephen Hawking, Elon Musk and Bill Gates”可知，这三位顶级科技专家担心机器人可能会给人类带来威胁。2答案与解析：B细节理解题。由第四
27、段的“The collected stories.and other literature”和“So they believe that story comprehension in robots can.”可知，寓言对孩子们在道德方面产生的影响让科学家们产生了研究灵感。3答案与解析：D推理判断题。由倒数第二段的“The example.buy some medication for a human who needs it as quickly as possible”可知，对于样本故事中的机器人来说，最重要的是在最短的时间内拿到药品。4答案与解析：D推理判断题。由最后一段的“Quixote
28、 offers a reward signal for waiting in line and politely buying the medication and a punishment signal for taking it without permission”可知，在机器人买药的时候，Quixote负责发出不同的暗示信号。.阅读七选五【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。短文叙述了在过去的三十年里，作者每周都在家里举办一次周日晚餐来招待认识的或者不认识的朋友。来自不同国家，不同种族的人们聚集在一起，在一起吃饭，在一起交谈，彼此成为了朋友。作者告诉我们，人与人之间要彼此包容，才能带来别人的
29、尊敬甚至是爱戴。1答案与解析：F由第二段“Last week it was a philosophy student from Lisbon, and next week a dear friend from London will cook.”可知，上周是一个来自里斯本哲学系的学生做饭，下周将有一位来自伦敦的好朋友来做饭。所以处在段首的小题1要总说“每个周日都有不同的朋友准备盛宴”，然后接着分说。故F选项“每个周日都有不同的朋友准备盛宴”符合句意。故F选项正确。2答案与解析：B由第五段“Many travelers go to see things like the Tower of Lon
30、don, the Statue of Liberty, the Eiffel Tower, and so on. I travel to see friends，evenor especiallythose Ive never met.”许多旅行者出去看名胜景点，而我旅游是为了结识各种各样的人甚至陌生人。所以第五段主要在说明人是我生命中最重要的部分。故处在段首的小题2是本段的标题。故B选项“人是我生命中最重要的部分”符合句意。故B选项正确。3答案与解析：C由第六段“In the late 1980s, I edited a series of guidebooks to different c
31、ountries. _3_ Instead, each book contained about a thousand biographies of people who would be willing to welcome travelers in their cities. ”可知，上世纪80年代末，我编辑了一系列到不同国家的旅游指南。而每本书都包含了大约一千个欢迎游客来他们所在城市旅游的人的传记。所以小题3要起到能够承接这两句话的转折作用。故C选项“没有风景可看，没有商店可入，也没有博物馆可以去游玩”符合句意。故C选项正确。4答案与解析：G由第八段“Most of them speak
32、 English, at least as a second language. Recently a dinner featured a typical mix: a beautiful painter from Norway, a truck driver from Arizona, a newspaper editor from Sydney and students from all over. ”可知，他们大多数人说英语，至少作为第二语言。最近的一顿晚餐以一种典型的搭配为特色：一位来自挪威的美丽画家，一位来自亚利桑那州的卡车司机，一位来自悉尼的报纸编辑和来自各地的学生。所以小题4要总
33、说“遍布整个世界，总是能遇到各种各样的人。”然后再具体说有哪些人。故G选项“遍布整个世界，总是能遇到各种各样的人。”符合句意。故G选项正确。5答案与解析：D由第九段“ one must, at the very least, simply tolerate others.”可知，一个人至少必须容忍别人。所以小题5要接着说容忍带来的益处。故D选项“退一步海阔天空，包容会带来别人的尊敬甚至是爱戴。”符合句意。故D选项正确。.完形填空【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了在父亲的帮助和鼓励下，作者学会骑自行车的故事。1答案与解析：C由上文中的many other kids in my neighb
34、orhood knew how to ride和该空后的know the difference between the clutch and the front brake可知，“我”“甚至(even)”不知道离合器和前刹车之间的区别。2答案与解析：B由下文中的because I was a girl和I was.to prove them _3_，可知，邻里的“男孩(boys)”都说“我”不行，因为“我”是女孩。3答案与解析：D由上下文的描述可知，“我”想证明他们是“错的(wrong)”。4答案与解析：A由文中的描述可知，“我”骑在自行车上没到一分钟就摔倒了。not.before.意为“未及
35、(不等)就”。5答案与解析：B由下文中的if I was okay可知，Brett跑过来“看(see)”“我”有没有事。6答案与解析：C由上下文的描述可知，父亲问“我”有多想“学(learn)”骑自行车。7答案与解析：A由下文中的achieved my dream可知，“我”说这是“我”所“梦想(dreamed about)”的。8答案与解析：B上文提到父亲问“我”有多想学骑自行车，本段是讲述父亲“教(teaching)”“我”知识及骑车要领。9答案与解析：C由文中的everything I needed to know和the basics of riding可知，父亲花了四周的时间“教(t
36、eaching)”“我”关于“自行车(bike)”的知识以及骑车的基本要领。10答案与解析：A由文中的描述可知，除了父亲，没人相信“我”能学会“骑车(ride)”。11答案与解析：D由上文中的Day after day he worked with me可知，通过一天天的练习，“我”开始“进步(progress)”了。12答案与解析：B对于父亲的帮助和付出，“我”很“感激(thankful)”。13答案与解析：D由上下文的描述可知，“我”每次都进步一点，“最后(finally)”终于能骑车上路了。14答案与解析：C由下文中的those boys teased me可知，“我”依然被那些男孩“取
37、笑(laughed at)”。15答案与解析：D由该段的描述可知，“我”因为那些男孩的嘲笑失去了“自信(confidence)”。16答案与解析：D由下文中的always had faith in me可知，父亲从不让“我”“放弃(give up)”，他永远对“我”充满信心。17答案与解析：A由下文中的taught me so much that will stay with me for the rest of my life可知，那个夏天父亲给了“我”极大的“帮助(help)”。18答案与解析：B由下文中的I shouldnt let others put me down可知，父亲教会了“我”很多，“尤其是(especially)”不要让别人小看自己。19答案与解析：D由文中的描述可知，有足够的“决心(determination)”和练习，“我”可以做成任何事情。20答案与解析：C如果“没有(without)”父亲，“我”不会实现自己学会骑自行车的梦想。
