1、2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（北京卷）本试卷共16页，共150分，考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：听力理解（共三节，30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话或独白后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话或独白你将听一遍。例：What is the man going to read?A. A newspaperB. A magazineC. A book答案
2、是A。Who answered the phone？MikeB. HenryC. TomWhats the womans favourite food?Italian.B. Chinese.C. IndianWhen does the first flight arrive in Detroit?5:18am.B.6:10amC.8:50amWhat is the woman looking for?ZooB. TelephoneC. Tennis courtWhat will the weather be like at the weekend?Cloudy.B. Snowy.C. Sunn
3、y第二节（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）听下面4段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。Where are the two speakers?In the hotelB In a shopC. In a restaurantHow much did the man pay in the end?$115.B. $130C. $140听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。What did the man d
4、o last weekend?Watched TV.B. Stayed at home.C. Visited a friendWhat will the woman probably do this weekend?Play tennis.B. Do some shoppingC. Go to a dance听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。Where are the new houses?On the main road.B. Close to a bus station. C. Near the sports center.What does the woman like most abo
5、ut the new houses?The garden.B. The space.C. The quietnessHow does the man feel about the womans suggestion?Delighted.B. Disappointed.C. Uninterested.听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。What cant the students do without a teacher?Hold parties.Complete the Safety Sheet.Use any emergency equipment.Why are the students a
6、sked to tie back their loose hour in the lab?It may catch fireIt may cover their eyes.It may pass chemicals to their faces.What is the speech mainly about?Laboratory regulations.Safety instructions.After-class activities.第三节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面的一段对话，完成第16至20五道小题，每小题近填写一个词，听对话前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你
7、将有60秒钟的作答时间，这段对话你将听两遍。Telephone Cancellation Request FormAccount NameEdward 16 Telephone No. 17 Home Phone PlanNonrefundable(不退款) 18 pre-paid planReason for Cancellation 19 houseCancellation Date Required 20 9, by 5:00 pm第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）单项填空（共15小题：每小题1分，共15分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡
8、上将该项涂黑。例：Its so nice to hear from her again _, we last met more than thirty years ago.A. Whats more B. Thats to say C. In other words D. Believe it or not答案是D。21.Look at those clouds!Dont worry. _ it rains, well still have a great time.A. Even if B.As though C. In case D. If only22. By the time you
9、have finished this book, your meal _ cold.A. gets B. has got C. will get D.is getting23. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.A. corrects B. correct C.to correct D. correcting24. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently.A. why B. how C.
10、 that D. whether25. George said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he _.A. wouldnt B. didnt C. hasnt D. hadnt 26. When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when 27. _ with care, one tin will last for
11、six weeks.A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use28. Many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs _.A. some B. less C. much D. more29. Have you heard about that fire in the market? Yes, fortunately no one _.A. hurt B. was hurt C. has hurt D. had been hurt30. Our friendship _
12、quickly over the weeks that followed.A. had developed B. was developingC. would develop D. developed31. _ at the door before you enter my room, please.A. Knock B. Knocking C. Knocked D. To knock33. We _ the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me?A. should face B. might face C. could have fac
13、ed D. must have faced34. Do you think this shirt is too tight _ the shoulders?A. at B. on C. to D. across35. Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.A. is B. were C. has been D. had been第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Inspiration“Mama, when I grow
14、 up, Im going to be one of those!” I said this after seeing the Capital Dancing Company perform when I was three. It was the first time that my _36_ took on a vivid form and acted as something important to start my training. As I grew older and was _37_ to more, my interests in the world of dance _3
15、8_ varied but that little girls dream of someday becoming a _39_ in the company never left me. In the summer of 2005 when I was 18, I received the phone call which made that dream a _40_; I became a member of the company _41_ back to 1925.As I look back on that day now, it surely _42_ any sense of r
16、eality. I believe I stayed in a state of pleasant disbelief _43_ I was halfway through rehearsals (排练) on my first day. I never actually _44_ to get the job. After being offered the position, I was completely _45_. I remember shaking with excitement.Though I was absolutely thrilled with the change,
17、it did not come without its fair share of _46_. Through the strict rehearsal period of dancing six days a week, I found it vital to _47_ up the material fast with every last bit of concentration. It is that extreme _48_ to detail (细节) and stress on practice that set us _49_. To then follow those hig
18、h-energy rehearsals _50_ a busy show schedule of up to five performances a day, I discovered a new _51_ of the words “hard work.” What I thought were my physical _52_ were pushed much further than I thought _53_. I learned to make each performance better than the last.Today, when I look at the unbel
19、ievable company that I have the great _54_ of being a part of, not only as a member, but as a dance captain, I see a _55_ that has inspired not only generations of little girls but a splendid company that continues to develop and grow-and inspires people every day to follow their dreams.36. A. hobby
20、 B. plan C. dream D. word37.A connected B. expanded C. exposed D. extended38. A. rarely B. certainly C. probably D. consistently39.A. director B. trainer C. leader D. dancer40. A. symbol B. memory C. truth D. reality41. A. bouncing B. dating C. turning D. tracking42. A. lacksB. addsC. makesD. brings
21、43. A. while B. since C. until D. when44.A. Cared B. Expected C. Asked D. Decided45.A. motivated B. relaxed C. convinced D. astonished46.A. challenges B. profits C. advantages D. adventures47.A. put B. mix C. build D. pick 48.A. Attention B. association C. attraction D. adaptation49.A. apart B. asid
22、e C. off D. back50.A. over B. by C. with D. beyond51.A. function B. meaning C. expression D. usage52.A. boundaries B. problems C. barriers D. efforts53.A. necessary B. perfect C. properD. possible54.A. talent B. honor C. potential D. responsibility55.A. victory B. trend C. tradition D. desire第三部分：阅读
23、理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AThe Basics of MathMade ClearBasic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an unders
24、tanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra(代数) and beyond.The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. They also look into exponents(指数), the order of operations, and square roots. In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discov
25、er why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practically.Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure u
26、nderstanding of the material by students. The lectures offer students the chance to “make sense” of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazingand completely understandablefield of s
27、tudy.By the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their understanding of basic math. They will be able to clear away the mystery(神秘性) of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined. In addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and
28、exciting mathematical challenges.Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educational Television as “the best math teacher in America,” is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious. From the basic concrete ideas to the more ab
29、stract problems, he is master in making math lectures learner-friendlier and less scary.With a PhD in Mathematics Education from Georgia State University, Dr. Siegel teaches mathematics at Central Arizona College. His courses include various make-up classes and a number of lectures for future primar
30、y school teachers.If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back.56. What does the course Basic Math mainly cover? A. Algebra. B. College Mathematics. C. Arithmetic. D. Mathematics Education.5
31、7. What benefits can students expect from Basic Math? A. Stronger imaginative ability. B. Additional presentation skills. C. More mathematical confidence. D. Greater chances of becoming teachers.58. What can we learn about Professor H. Siegel? A. He is a guest lecturer at Kentucky Educational Televi
32、sion. B. He is to deliver 30 lectures in Basic Math. C. He works in Georgia State University. D. He specializes in training teachers.59. Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from? A. A news report. B. A book review C. A lesson plan. D. An advertisementBPeanuts to ThisProudly reading m
33、y words, I glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. Confused, I glanced toward my stone-faced teacher. Having no choice, I slowly raised the report I had slaved over, hoping to hide myself. “What could be causing everyone to act t
34、his way?”Quickly, I flashed back to the day Miss Lancelot gave me the task. This was the first real talk I received in my new school. It seemed simple: go on the Internet and find information about a man named George Washington. Since my idea of history came from an ancient teacher in my home countr
35、y, I had never heard of that name before. As I searched the name of this fellow, it became evident that there were two people bearing the same name who looked completely different! One invented hundreds of uses for peanuts, while the other led some sort of army across America. I stared at the screen
36、, wondering which one my teacher meant. I called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice; flip (掷) a coin. Headsthe commander, and tailsthe peanuts guy. Ah! Tails, my report would be about the great man who invented peanut butter, George Washington Carver.Weeks later, standing before this unfrie
37、ndly mass, I was totally lost. Oh well, I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report, it all became clear, “My report is on George Washington, the man who started the American Revolution.” The whole world became quite! How co
38、uld I know that she meant that George Washington?Obviously, my grade was awful. Heartbroken but fearless, I decided to turn this around. I talked to Miss Lancelot, but she insisted: No re-dos; no new grade. I felt that the punishment was not justified, and I believed I deserved a second chance. Cons
39、equently, I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year. Ten months later, that chance unfolded as I found myself sitting in the headmasters office with my grandfather, now having an entirely different conversation. I smiled and flashed back to the embarrassing moment at the b
40、eginning of the year as the headmaster informed me of my option to skip the sixth grade. Justice is sweet!60. What did the authors classmates think about his report?A. Controversial. B. Ridiculous.C. Boring. D. Puzzling.61. Why was the author confused about the task?A. He was unfamiliar with America
41、n history.B. He followed the advice and flipped a coin.C. He forgot his teachers instruction.D. He was new at the school.62. The underlined word “burning” in Para. 3 probably means _.A. annoyed B. ashamedC. ready D. eager63. In the end, the author turned things around _.A. by redoing his taskB. thro
42、ugh his own effortsC. with the help of his grandfatherD. under the guidance of his headmasterCDecision-making under StressA new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the poss
43、ible negative (负面的) consequences of a decision.The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.“Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”For example, two recent
44、studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their h
45、ands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadnt gone through the stress.This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a c
46、igarette while under stress at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.The re
47、search also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more
48、 risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help
49、explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.64. We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to _.A. keep rewards better in their memoryB. recall consequences more effortlessl
50、yC. make risky decisions more frequentlyD. learn a subject more effectively65. According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their _.A. ways of making choicesB. preference for pleasureC. tolerance of punishmentsD. responses to suggestions66.The research has proved that in a stres
51、sful situation, _.A. women find it easier to fall into certain habitsB. men have a greater tendency to slow downC. women focus more on outcomesD. men are more likely to take risksDWilderness“In wilderness(荒野) is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of
52、 the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved. As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouche
53、d; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation(开发) brings to such landscapes(景观) is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans needthe rain
54、forests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr.Sauven, these ”ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservat
55、ion. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of using resources
56、have improved, there is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteri
57、stic worth valuing above all others.I look forwards to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a practic
58、al question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.67. John Sau
59、ven holds that_. A. many people value nature too much B. exploitation of wildernesses is harmful C. wildernesses provide humans with necessities D. the urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong68. What is the main idea of Para. 3? A. The exploitation is necessary for the poor people. B. Wilde
60、rnesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials. C. Useful services of wildernesses are not the reason for no exploitation. D. All the characteristics concerning the exploitation should be treated equally.69. What is the authors attitude towards this debate? A. Objective. B. Disapproving. C. Sc
61、eptical. D. Optimistic.70. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?A. B. C. D. CP: Central PointP: PointSp: Sub-point(次要点)C: Conclusion第二节（共5小题 ；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。EmpathyLast year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy
62、, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. _71_ Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and youre showe
63、red with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. _72_There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature. _73_ Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to ha
64、ve high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. _74_ “Academics are important
65、. But if you dont have emotional (情感的) intelligence, you wont be as successful in work or in your love life,” she says.Whats the best way to up your EQ (情商）? For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others. _75_To really develop empathy, youd better volunteer at a nursing home or a hos
66、pital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a “sharing circle” with your family, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person.That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen
67、time, the researchers said.“One doesnt develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,” Freed says.Humans learn by exampleand most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone elseboth what they think and how they
68、 feel.Good social skillsincluding empathyare a kind of “emotional intelligence” that will help you succeed in many areas of life.Having relationships with other people is an important part of being humanand having empathy is decisive to those relationships.第四部分：书面表达（共两节，35分） 情景作文（20分）假设你是红星中学高三（1）班的
69、学生李华，校报英文版正在开展“续写雷锋日记”活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，将你所做的一件好事以日记形式记述下来，向校报投稿。注意：1.日记的开头已为你写好。 2.词数不少于60。 Saturday，June2 FineThis morning(请务必将情景作文写在答题卡指定区域内)第二节开放作文（15分）请根据下面提示，写一篇短文。词数不少于50。You are discussing the following picture with your English friend Jim. Now you are telling him how you understand the picture and what makes you think so.(请务必将情景作文写在答题卡指定区域内)
