1、语法对点讲练一时态、语态一、现在时态知识点讲解1一般现在时表示经常性的或习惯性的动作、状态、性能等。常与表示频度的时间状语always, seldom, often, sometimes, every day, once a week等连用。表示客观真理、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在。The earth moves around the sun.在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来时，主句多用一般将来时。表示按时间表、计划、规定发生的动作。2现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情。与always, constantly, freque
2、ntly, continually, forever, all the time等连用，表示赞叹、赞扬、厌恶、不满等情感。come, go, start, open, close, arrive, return, begin, leave等动词用于进行时，表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。不用于进行时态的动词：表示存在的动词：stay, remain, keep, contain等。表示所有的动词：have, belong to, own, hold, possess等。表示感观的动词：look, seem, appear, taste, feel, sound等。表示情感的动词：love, l
3、ike, prefer, hate等。表示思想、信念的动词：think (认为), consider (认为), believe, trust, guess, wonder, forget, know, understand, realize, suppose, agree等。3现在完成时表示过去的动作或事情对现在的影响或结果，常用的时间状语有：recently, lately, before, yet, ever, never, once, just等。表示从过去某一时刻持续到现在的动作，这一动作还可能持续下去，常用的时间状语有：since, up till now, so far, for
4、 a long time, in the last/past few years, these days等。表示在目前为止一段时间内发生的重复的行为，即表示一种经历。谓语动词可用非延续性动词，但须与时间状语连用。He has often gone to Beijing these years. (现在不一定在北京)表示“这是第几次做某事”。This/It is第几次that从句，从句用现在完成时。have been (to)和have gone (to)的区别have been (to)侧重指经历，表示曾经去过某地。(此时人很可能不在那里，已经回来)have gone (to)表示某人已经去了
5、某地。(此时人已在那里，或在路上，而不在这里)4现在完成进行时表示动作从过去一直持续到现在，可能刚刚结束，可能还在进行，而且还会进行下去。表示直到说话为止的一段时间里一直反复进行的动作。5现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别现在完成时表示动作已经完成，着重结果。I have watered the flowers this morning. (已浇过花)现在完成进行时表示动作的进行，强调动作的持续性。I have been watering the flowers this morning. (一直在浇花)对点训练完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个知识点()第一组单项填空1(2013新课标卷)If
6、we _ now to protect the environment, well live to regret it.A. hadnt acted B. havent actedC. dont act D. wont act答案_C_知识点_解析句意：如果我们现在不采取行动保护环境的话，我们将抱憾终身。if引导的现在真实条件句的结构为：主将从现(主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时)。本题中，主句为well live，从句应为dont act，一般现在时的否定形式，故答案为选项C。2(2013新课标卷)When I first met Bryan I didnt like him, but I
7、 _ my mind.A. have changed B. changeC. had changed D. would change答案_A_知识点_解析句意：当我第一次见到布莱恩时，我不怎么喜欢他，但我已经改变对他的看法了。现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。现在完成时have changed对现在造成的影响就是我改变了对Bryan的看法。3(2013北京卷)Hurry up! Mark and Carol _ us.A. expect B. are expectingC. have expected D. will expect答案_B_知识点_解析句意：快点！马克和卡尔在
8、等待我们。根据句意，应用现在进行时。4(2013福建卷)The girl has a great interest in sport and _ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.A. took B. is takingC. takes D. has been taking答案_D_知识点_解析根据twice a week over the last three years可知句子应用现在完成进行时。5(2013湖南卷)Around two oclock every night, Sue will start ta
9、lking in her dream. It somewhat _ us.A. bothers B. had botheredC. would bother D. bothered答案_A_知识点_解析句意：大约每晚两点左右， 苏开始说梦话。这在某种程度干扰了我们。根据句意，句子应用一般现在时。6(2013湖南卷) Have you heard about the recent election? Sure, it _ the only thing on the news for the last three days.A. would be B. isC. has been D. will
10、be答案_C_知识点_解析根据问句可知谈论的是现在的事情；再根据for the last three days可知应用完成时态，故答案是C项。第二组语法填空7 I _ (work) for more than 30 years! Im going to retire soon. Really? You dont look like a lady over 40.答案have_been_working知识点_解析由Im going to retire soon.可知，目前还在工作。表示一个动作从过去某时开始发生，一直持续到现在并且还可能继续进行下去，用现在完成进行时。8 The constant
11、 noise around here _ (drive) me crazy! Calm down. Its no use complaining.答案is_driving知识点_解析从答话者的话可以看出他是在安慰对方，劝他不要抱怨。不难看出第一个讲话者使用现在进行时表示一种不满的情绪。9 Car prices have been going down sharply in the last 20 years. Its not surprising because the law of market _ (control) the price of a product.答案controls知识点
12、_解析句意：汽车的价格在过去的20年急剧下降。这一点也不奇怪，因为市场规律决定产品的价格。“市场规律决定产品的价格”说的是一个客观事实，因此用一般现在时。10“The moment _ (come) soon，” he thought to himself, waiting nervously.答案is_coming知识点_解析根据soon“很快”，可判断用将来时态。is coming是现在进行时的形式表示一般将来时的含义。11 I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me? S
13、orry, I _ (not, play) the piano for years.答案havent_played知识点_解析第一个speaker请第二个speaker弹钢琴，第二个speaker表示拒绝，并解释原因“我好多年都没有弹钢琴了”，是从好多年前算起到说话时为止，所以用现在完成时。12Is this the second time that you _ (visit) the Summer Palace?答案have_visited知识点_解析在“It/This isthe second或其他序数词time”后接的从句中用现在完成时。还应注意主句中谓语动词用was时，从句中要使用过去
14、完成时。13 Have you read the timetable? Yes. The train _ (start) at 10：12 pm.答案starts知识点_解析由列车时刻表规定的发车时间，只能用一般现在时表达。14The gas tank _ (hold) twenty gallons of gas, but now it may contain only three gallons.答案holds知识点_解析hold表示“装；容纳；包含”，是及物动词。表示容器的名词作主语时用主动式，且不用进行时态。二、过去时态知识点讲解1一般过去时表示过去某一具体时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常
15、用的时间状语有：yesterday, last year, in 2012, the other day, in those days, during the night等。表示过去发生的经常、反复的动作或状态。表示实际上“刚刚”发生的动作，但没有表明发生的具体时间。I didnt notice where I was going.在时间、条件状语从句中，代替过去将来时。表示过去时间内连续发生的动作。At four oclock, Polly left work and stepped out into the fog.know, think, expect等动词用于一般过去时，表示“本来认为
16、；原来没有料到”。2过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情。常与过去的时间状语连用。表示过去一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。When Paul knocked at the door Jim was watching TV in the living e, go, arrive, begin, leave等动词用于过去进行时，表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作。与always, all the time等连用，表示说话人的感叹、厌恶等情绪。3过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成的动作。表示开始于过去某一时间的动作或状态延续到过去另一时间，并且可能持续下去
17、，常与for, since连用。hope, think, intend, expect, mean等动词的过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望、计划等。“This/It was第几次that从句”， that从句谓语动词用过去完成时。“Hardly/Scarcely . when .”和“No sooner . than .”结构中，主句谓语动词用过去完成时。主句谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句谓语动词常用过去完成时。4过去将来时表示从过去某一时间看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句中。She said she would be there at seven oclock, and she t
18、hought she would keep her word.was/were going to, was/were to do, was/were about to do以及过去进行时可以表示过去将来时。5一般过去时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，不与确定的过去时间状语连用。He has cleaned the room. (说明现在房间很干净)一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事情、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，不强调对现在的影响，常与确定的过去时间状语连用。He cleaned the room an hour ago, but its dirty n
19、ow.对点训练完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个知识点()第一组单项填空1(2013新课标卷)We _ very early so we packed the night before.A. leave B. had leftC. were leavingD. have left答案_C_知识点_解析句意：我们要早早地动身，所以在前天晚上就打好包了。be leaving表将来。2(2013安徽卷)Im calling about the apartment you _ the other day. Could you tell me more about it?A. advertised B.
20、had advertisedC. are advertising D. will advertise答案_A_知识点_解析由the other day知用过去时。3(2013湖南卷) I dont understand why you didnt go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. Im so sorry. But I _ my homework.A. had done B. was doingC. would do D. am doing答案_B_知识点_解析句意：我不明白你为什么昨天下午没有去听演讲。对不起，我昨天下午在做作业。根据句意可知，句子应
21、用过去进行时。4 Did you buy the silk scarf for your mums birthday in that shop? I _， but I thought I would see if there are any better in other shops.A. did B. wouldC. had D. was going to答案_D_知识点_解析问句中用的一般过去时，答语后半句也用一般过去时，所以空白处应使用表示过去的时态。由句意可知，还没有买那条围巾，应该表达“打算买”，用过去将来时。would表示单纯的将来； was going to“打算；即将”， D项
22、最合适。5The school board listened quietly as Jack read the demands that his classmates _ forward.A. be putting B. had putC. were put D. have put答案_B_知识点_解析句意：当杰克朗读他的同学们提出的需求时，学校董事会安静地听着。句中listened和read用的是一般过去时， put forward这一动作发生在listened和read之前，故用过去完成时。本题选择B项。第二组语法填空6When I _ (head) home, I caught a th
23、ief stealing from a passerby.答案was_heading知识点_解析句意：在我回家时，我抓住了一个正在向路人行窃的小偷。由句意及caught可知，此处用过去进行时。7They _ (intend) to go shopping in the downtown district, but they cancelled it because of a hard rain.答案had_intended知识点_解析句意：他们本来打算去市中心购物，但是由于大雨而取消了计划。intend这一动作发生在cancelled之前，表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。8We were
24、all surprised when he made it clear that he _ (leave) office soon.答案would_leave知识点_解析根据句中的时间状语“soon”以及谓语的时态，可知此处应用过去将来时。9 Have you seen your aunt lately? Yes, in fact I saw her yesterday. I _ (not, see) her for several months.答案hadnt_seen知识点_解析“我昨天看见了她”，“我有好几个月没见到过她了”。后一句的动作发生在前一句动作之前，是过去的过去。所以用过去完成
25、时。10Sorry. I would have come earlier but I _ (not, know) that you were waiting.答案didnt_know知识点_解析I would have come earlier.“我要是早来一点就好了。”是虚拟语气。实际情况是“I didnt know you were waiting.”“我不知道你在等我。”是对过去情况的陈述，用一般过去时。三、将来时态知识点讲解1一般将来时“will/shall do”表示客观上势必将要发生的事情或临时做出的打算，常与表示将来的时间状语：next time, tomorrow, befor
26、e long, later on, in the future等连用。“be going to do”表示主观计划，打算做某事或根据某种迹象表明某事即将发生。“be to do”结构表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。“be about to do”结构表示不久或即将要发生的动作，一般不与时间状语连用。现在进行时表示将来，表示计划好或准备要做某事。2将来进行时指从现在算起将来某个时间正在进行的动作，或已经做好安排，认为某事肯定会发生。表示委婉语气。Will you be having some tea?3将来完成时将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发
27、生之前已经完成的动作；也可以用来表示一种猜测。常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有：by (the time/the end of)表示将来时间的短语或句子； before (the end of)表示将来时间的短语或句子； when, after等表示将来动作的句子等。对点训练完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个知识点()1(2013北京卷) Do you think Mom and Dad _ late? No. Swiss Air is usually on time.A. were B. will beC. would be D. have been答案_B_知识点_解析句意：你认为爸爸和妈妈会
28、迟到吗？不会的，瑞士航空通常准时。根据句意可知“爸爸和妈妈还未到达机场”，故用一般将来时。2 Are you going to attend our uncles wedding this Sunday? Yes. By then I _ my salary with which to buy a present for him.A. will have got B. has been gettingC. had got D. would get答案_A_知识点_解析问句用的一般将来时，答句中又有by then，表示将来时间，故可确定答案为A项。B项不表示将来； C、D两项表示过去。将来完成时
29、表示将来某一时刻或某一时刻之前要完成的动作。3(2013东北三校4月联考) Look, Ive got admission to Harvard University for a shortterm study next semester. How fantastic! You _ a different university life then.A. have experiencedB. will be experiencingC. have been experiencingD. will have experienced答案_B_知识点_解析句意：看，我获得了下个学期去哈佛大学短时间学习
30、的机会。太好了！到时你将经历一个不同的大学生活。由语境可知，此处表示将来(下学期)正在进行的动作，故选B项。4(北京卷)By the time you have finished this book, your meal _ cold.A. gets B. has gotC. will get D. is getting答案_C_知识点_解析根据“到你读完这本书的时候”，可知“get”动作指将来，指势必将要发生的事，所以用一般将来时。5Parents and their children often disagree about the amount of freedom and respon
31、sibility that young people _.A. would have B. are havingC. are to have D. are about to have答案_C_知识点_解析句意：家长和他们的孩子们在自由的限度和年轻人应有的责任心方面经常产生分歧。be to do表示“按职责、义务应该去做的事”。四、被动语态知识点讲解1各种时态的被动语态一般现在时的被动形式：am/is/are done。一般过去时的被动形式：was/were done。一般将来时的被动形式：will/shall be done, am/is/are going to be done。过去将来时的
32、被动形式：would be done, was/were going to be done。She said that she would be given an MP5 as a birthday gift.她说有人会送她一部MP5作为生日礼物。现在进行时的被动形式：am/is/are being done。过去进行时的被动形式：was/were being done。现在完成时的被动形式：have/has been done。过去完成时的被动形式：had been done。They had been warned many times before they carried out th
33、e plan.在执行计划之前他们已经被警告过多次。2特殊形式的被动结构get被动结构在被动语态中，get可以代替助动词be表示被动。get被动结构既强调动作本身，又强调动作结果。其通常用于以下两种情况：A表示一些突然、偶然或预想不到的事情。On my way home I got hurt by a football.B表示自身所做的一些动作。如get changed, get dressed, get washed, get married, get lost, get confused等。have被动结构“have宾语done”形式可以表示间接被动意义。其常用于下列三种情况：A表示有计划地
34、请别人做某事，被动动作由他人执行。Your hair is too long. You should have it cut.B表示一种消极经历，被动动作由他人执行。He had his bag stolen.C表示使役，强调某个事情被完成了，被动动作由主语执行。We have our exercises done.3主动形式表示被动意义look, sound, smell, taste, prove, feel等连系动词。可用主动形式表示被动意义。open, close, shut, move, lock等作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，用主动形式表示被动意义，常与cant, wont等
35、连用。read, write, sell, clean, cook, burn, draw, cut, wear, wash等与well, easily, quickly等副词连用时，主动形式表示被动意义。“beadj.to do”结构中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语时，用主动形式表示被动意义。This kind of water isnt fit to drink.want, require, need, deserve, be worth后跟动名词，用主动形式表示被动意义。This wall needs painting.“have宾语to do”结构中，不定式逻辑主语为主语时，用主动形式
36、表示被动意义；否则用不定式的被动语态。Do you have any homework to do? (you为to do的逻辑主语)Do you have clothes to be washed? (wash的逻辑主语未出现)对点训练完成下列小题，并指出考查上述哪个知识点()第一组单项填空1(2013 北京卷)Shakespeares play Hamlet _ into at least ten different films over the past years.A. had been made B. was madeC. has been made D. would be made
37、答案_C_知识点_解析根据over the past years句子应该用完成时，排除B和D选项； A项为过去完成时，指过去的过去，此句中没有过去的时间，故A项不合题意。2(2013北京卷) So what is the procedure? All the applicants _ before a final decision is made by the authority.A. interview B. are interviewingC. are interviewed D. are being interviewed答案_C_知识点_解析applicants和interview存在
38、动宾关系，应用被动语态，可排除A和B两项；根据对话可知面试动作不是正在进行，可排除D项。3(2013合肥第二次质检)My sweater is a great bargain. Above all, it _ well.A. washes B. has washedC. is washed D. can be washed答案_A_知识点_解析wash等不及物动词与well, easily等副词连用，表示主语的内在特征、性质或状态时，习惯上用主动语态表示被动意义。本题选择A项。4With the rise of modern communication tools, handwritten l
39、etters _ by emails.A. will replace B. have replacedC. are replaced D. are being replaced答案_D_知识点_解析由句意可知，“取代”是在现阶段正在进行的动作，故用进行时态。letters与replace存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用被动语态。本题选D项。5(2013北京顺义区第二次统考)When the fisherman turned around, he found a fish _.A. had hooked B. was hookingC. had been hooked D. was hooked答案
40、_C_知识点_解析hook这一动作发生在turned around之前，表示过去的过去，用过去完成时态，又因为fish和hook之间存在被动关系，故选C项。第二组语法填空6Dont worry. The hard work that you do now _ (repay) later in life.答案will_be_repaid知识点_解析句意：别担心，你现在做的努力工作将会在今后的生活中得到补偿。根据语意应用将来时态的被动语态。7 Put these glasses away before they get _ (break) OK. Ill put them in the cupbo
41、ard.答案broken知识点_解析句意：把这些玻璃杯收拾起来吧，免得把它们打碎。好的。我马上把它们放到橱里。get broken是被动语态的一种表达方式。8The dish that Selena cooks _ (taste) delicious, and makes one run at the mouth.答案tastes知识点_解析and连接句子的两个并列谓语taste和makes。makes用的一般现在时， taste也用一般现在时。taste, smell, feel, sound等系动词以主动形式表达被动意义。9After school we went to the readingroom to do some reading, only to be told that it _ (decorate)答案was_being_decorated知识点_解析句意：放学后，我们去阅览室去看书，却被告知阅览室正在被装修。由主句的时态可知，是指当时，“正在被装修”。10 Have you heard about that fire in the market? Yes, fortunately no one _ (hurt)答案got/was_hurt知识点_解析答话者是在陈述过去的事实，故用一般过去时态，且hurt是及物动词，要用一般过去时的被动语态。
