1、Section Integrating Skills & Cultural Corner.重点单词1identical adj. 完全相同的2nonsense n. 胡说八道，胡扯3fundamental adj. 基本的4procedure n. 程序5controversial adj. 有争议的6exceptional adj. 特别的，非凡的，卓越的7contradictory adj. 互相矛盾的8virtue n. 道德上的优点，善行9flexible adj. 易适应的10compulsory adj. 强制的，强迫的11suspect n. 嫌疑人12accompany v.
2、陪伴，陪同13absorb v. 吸收14arise v. (问题困难等)发生，出现15gene n. 基因genetic adj. 基因的，遗传基因的；遗传学的genetics n. 遗传学16beneficial adj. 有益的，有用的benefit n. 利益；救济金 v. 有益于，对有益17imaginary adj. 假想的，虚构的imaginative adj. 富于想象力的imagination n. 想象力；幻觉imagine v. 想象，设想18incredible adj. 难以置信的credible adj. 可信的credit n. 信誉，信用19optional a
3、dj. 可选择的option n. 选择opt v. 选择，挑选20regulation n. 法规，条例regular adj. 有规律的；固定的regulate v. 调整，控制；校对21resist v. 抗拒，抵抗；忍住resistance n. 抗拒，反对，阻力resistant adj. 对有抵抗力，抵制的22analyse v. 分析analysis n. 分析23accompany v. 陪同；陪伴company n. 陪同，陪伴companion n. 伙伴，同伴24violence n. 暴力violent adj. 粗暴的；猛烈的.核心短语1by mistake错误地2t
4、reat.as. 把当成对待3a sequence of 一系列的4be identical to 和一样，与一致5rely on 依靠，依赖6as follows 如下7knock out 摧毁8get out of control 摆脱控制9as far as we know 据我们所知10break down 分解11bring.back to life 使复活.经典句式1这是一个不争的事实，1953年，沃森和克里克，英国剑桥大学的两位科学家，发现了酸性DNA的结构构成生命基本元素的一种透明的螺旋状梯形结构。Its certainly true that in 1953, Watson
5、and Crick, two scientists at Cambridge University, England, discovered the structure of the acid DNAa transparent twisting ladder made of the fundamental components of life.2勇敢新世界仍然如此出名是因为它描述了一个越来越可能出现的恐怖的未来世界。The reason why Brave New World is still so famous is that it describes a terrifying future
6、 world that is becoming more and more possible.3再者，政府希望人们快乐，这样他们就不会试图改变社会。Again, the government wants people to be happy so that they will not try to change society.课文预读译文助读克隆与DNA许多人认为基因学与克隆是最近出现的。确实如此，在1953年，英国剑桥大学的两名科学家沃森和克里克发现了酸性DNA的结构一种透明的由生命基本元素构成的双螺旋结构。但是事实上，孟德尔在1866年第一个记录了种植豌豆的结果。他了解到植物的父本和母本
7、都会影响子代的基因构成。1973年，生物化学家科恩和博耶发现了如下步骤：利用人体内形成的化学物质酶解旋DNA，截取一定顺序的基因片断，最后把它们植入宿主细胞，使之与其DNA结合。克隆是从一个单细胞中提取DNA来创造出一个全新的个体。克隆体从遗传角度而言是与另一个生物个体完全相同的有机体。但是现在确定的是由于在经历和养育方面的差异，没有任何一个克隆体是完全的复制物。至少有两组科学家正在试图克隆人类。尽管存在争议，这样做也有很多正当的理由。一位意大利医生想把克隆作为难以怀孕的夫妇的一种选择性治疗方案。然而来自父母中任何一方的克隆人都会在他们的整个童年生活中处在一种未知的心理压力下。另一个原因是复制
8、非凡的人的天资。但是克隆出来的爱因斯坦或许会选择一条与“原版”爱因斯坦截然相反的生活道路。他甚至会有新的缺点而不是已有的优点！更深层的原因是获得大量的干细胞。胚胎里的干细胞很容易适应，可能会发展成为体内任何其他类型的细胞。例如，它可以帮助人们从疾病中恢复，修复人体组织，或帮他们在事故后重新行走。这些干细胞会需要来自某个人的克隆体的胚胎。然后这个胚胎就没用了，这是许多人都无法接受的。很明显，在科学家中一些不成文的职业规范必须获准。否则，强制性的政府条例必须控制克隆。进行克隆的第四个原因是，有些科学家和农场主认为，克隆非常方便实惠，比如：克隆能够抵御细菌或疾病的优质奶牛，种植能够抵抗枯病或虫害的克
9、隆作物。但是仅仅依赖少数几种克隆动植物会限制生物品种的多样性。最后，对DNA的最新研究有助于通过分析嫌疑犯遗留在犯罪现场的唾液或指甲缝里的污物来解决犯罪问题。译文助读侏罗纪公园科学事实还是好莱坞科幻片？继两位恐龙专家艾伦和埃利萨特勒博士应古怪的百万富翁约翰哈蒙德之邀，参观了他位于哥斯达黎加外岛屿上的尚未对公众开放的新的游乐场之后，史蒂文斯皮尔博格成功地拍摄了科幻历险片。通过克隆从史前的蚊子身上提取的DNA，哈蒙德为他的新侏罗纪公园创造出了活恐龙。在哈蒙德的两个孙子的陪伴下，他们被送到电脑控制的车中进行环绕侏罗纪公园的旅行。但是一场热带风暴袭击了岛屿，摧毁了电力供应，并且一个雇员破坏了安全系统以
10、便偷出恐龙胚胎去卖。恐龙开始摆脱控制这样看来，既然可以克隆羊，那有可能克隆恐龙吗？还是这只是好莱坞科幻片？首先，任何取自被保存的蚊子的DNA只有4千万年之久。恐龙至少是6千万年前的，所以，即使发现任何DNA，蚊子也需要年代更久远些，而据我们所知，年代那么久远的蚊子是不存在的。其次，即使可能找到被保存的蚊子，但仅仅发现了一只雄性蚊子。事实上，只有雌性蚊子才能吸取另一种生物的DNA。而且，也无法知道这DNA是否来自于恐龙。既然没有以前发现的恐龙，也就无法与新的样本进行比较。第三，在灭绝了这么久之后，恐龙的DNA不会完好无损。生命结束后，DNA分解且无法自我修复。在克隆恐龙上也产生了许多问题。一些问
11、题是：将一个小恐龙成功地养大需要做些什么？恐龙存活需要什么样的条件？恐龙吃些什么？恐龙在成年生活中需要什么样的照顾？该做些什么去保护人类免受恐龙的伤害或保护恐龙未受人类的伤害？克隆会带来什么样的道德和人权问题？因此，克隆恐龙从科学上说似乎是不可能的。世界对此毫无准备，而且所需的物质原料也无法获得。即使真有可能让恐龙复活，它们也不一定能在目前的环境中存活。现在的温度、空气、疾病和植物也与恐龙时代的全然不同。恐龙习惯了一个完全不同的世界，并且会发现很难在这里活下来。今天，恐龙能生存的唯一地方似乎只有好莱坞。课文理解Step Fast reading (教材P67)Match the Paras.
12、with their main ideas according to the text on P6465.答案：1.E2.C3.D4.A5.BStep Careful readingChoose the best answer according to the text on P6465.1In the world first understood that both the parent plants had influenced the new plant.AWatson and CrickBCohenCBoyer DMendel答案：D2Cloning is a process that
13、 .Atakes the DNA from a single cell to create a whole new individualBputs the DNA into many cells to create a whole new individualCputs the DNA into a single cell to create a different individualDtakes the DNA from many cells to create a new individual答案：A3According to the passage, which of the foll
14、owing is NOT true?AThe science of genetics and cloning is recent.BClones of exceptional human being may have different appearances but the same character.CThere is no clone that is an exact copy.DThe science of cloning has many advantages.答案：B4We can read this article in the column about .Aliteratur
15、e BartsCsports Dscience答案：DStep After readingWaston and Crick, two 1 (science) at Cambridge University, discovered 2 structure of the acid DNA. But in fact, it was in 1866 3 Mendel first recorded the results of growing pea plants. He understood that both the parent plants 4 (influence) the genetic m
16、akeup of the new plant. Cloning takes the DNA 5 a single cell to create a whole new individual. Although controversial, there are many valid 6 (reason) to try to clone humans. An Italian doctor wants 7 (offer) cloning as an optional 8 (treat) for couples who find 9 difficult to have children. But an
17、yone who was a clone of one of their parents would be under unknown 10 (psychology) pressure throughout their childhood.1scientists2.the3.that4.had influenced5.from6reasons7.to offer8.treatment9.it10.psychological1 词根：benefit n/v. 有益，好处；有益于，受益(教材P61)Cloning will be beneficial to humans.克隆将有益于人类。归纳拓展
18、经典例句This New EnglishChinese dictionary will be very beneficial to your English learning.这本新英汉词典对你的英语学习非常有好处。I have benefited a lot from extensive reading.广泛的阅读使我受益匪浅。即学即练单句语法填空There are certainly benefits (benefit) of using a star in a film.Scientific research is of great benefit to mankind.In fact,
19、 music education is beneficial (benefit) and important for all students.Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations.2 (教材P61)We could use cloning to cure illnesses.我们可以用克隆治愈疾病。归纳拓展(1)cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人的疾病；纠正某人的不良习惯be cured (of) (某人的病)被治愈(2)a cure for. 的治愈方法；的解决方法品读高考(2015湖北)It can
20、uncover laws of nature, cure diseases, make bombs, and help bridges to stand up.它(科学)能揭示自然规律，治疗疾病，制造炸弹还能使桥梁建造起来。经典例句The student is so nervous that nothing seems to cure him of his nervousness.这个学生如此紧张以至于好像没有什么能治愈他的紧张。Scientists have so far failed to find a cure for the heart disease.迄今为止，科学家尚未找到一种治愈
21、心脏病的方法。Prevention is better than cure.谚语预防胜于治疗。即学即练单句语法填空We must help to cure him of stealing.Is there a certain cure for cancer yet?This kind of illness could be cured (cure) by cloning.3 派生词：resistant adj. 抵抗的，抵制的resistance n. 反抗，抵制(教材P65).a prize cow which can resist bacteria or disease, or to so
22、w a cloned crop which can resist rot or pests.克隆能抵御细菌或疾病的优选奶牛，种植能够抵抗枯萎病或虫害的克隆作物。归纳拓展经典例句I should congratulate you that you resisted the temptation.我应向你祝贺，你抗住了这种诱惑。Some people are very resistant to the idea of exercise.有些人十分反对锻炼。即学即练单句语法填空I have a sweet tooth and cant resist eating (eat) chocolate an
23、d ice cream.Peasants need some plants that are resistant (resist) to disease.You should exercise more to build up a resistance (resist) to infection.4 (教材P65)Finally, the latest research into DNA has helped solve crimes by analysing the suspects saliva which they spit at a crime scene or the dirt un
24、der their fingernails.最后，对DNA的最新研究有助于通过分析嫌疑犯遗留在犯罪现场的唾液或指甲缝里的污物来解决犯罪问题。归纳拓展suspect sb.suspect that. 怀疑经典例句The police have taken the suspect to the police station.警察把这个嫌疑人带到了警察局。I suspected him of stealing the jewelry from the store.我怀疑他从这个商店偷了珠宝。联想发散suspect 常与介词 of 搭配使用形成 suspect sb. of sth. 结构，类似结构的
25、短语还有：accuse sb. of sth. 指控某人某事rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事即学即练完成句子Police suspected that she had some connection with the murder.警方怀疑她和这起谋杀案有关。I suspect him to be the pickpocket.我怀疑他就是那个扒手。We all suspected the bad boy of having stole
26、n the bike.我们都怀疑这个坏男孩偷了自行车。5 (教材P67)Accompanied by Hammonds two grandchildren, they are sent on a tour through Jurassic Park in computercontrolled cars.在哈蒙德两个孙子的陪伴下，他们乘坐电脑控制的轿车开始环游侏罗纪公园。归纳拓展经典例句True great genius is always accompanied with good sense.真正伟大的天才永远具有良知。Jane is willing to accompany you to
27、the park to go out for a walk.简愿意陪你去公园散步。语境串记Last night, my companions kept me company to see a film and then they accompanied me to my home.昨天晚上，我的伙伴陪我去看电影了，然后他们陪我回了家。即学即练单句语法填空Accompanied (accompany) by cheerful music, we began to dance.The rainstorm was accompanied with thunder.Children must be a
28、ccompanied by an adult.6 派生词：absorbed adj. 精神集中的(教材P67)In fact, only females can absorb the DNA of another creature.事实上，只有雌性蚊子才能够吸取另外一种动物的DNA。归纳拓展absorb.into. 把吸收进absorb ones attention 吸引某人的注意力be absorbed in/with sth./doing sth. 全神贯注于；专心致志于品读高考(2016北京)However, when something did interest me, I could
29、 become absorbed.然而，真碰到我感兴趣的事情时，我就会全神贯注。经典例句If you absorb what the teacher explains in class, you will be absorbed in his lecture.如果你理解老师在课堂上所解释的东西，你就会专注于他的讲座。联想发散过去分词短语 absorbed in 在句中常用作状语、后置定语和宾语补足语，有类似用法的短语还有：(be) lost in. 陷入(be) caught in. 被困在(be) buried in. 埋头于(be) devoted to. 专心于，致力于(be) occu
30、pied in. 忙于(be) involved in. 专注于即学即练单句语法填空The drug is absorbed into the bloodstream quickly.He is absorbed in the calculation of that difficult maths problem.Joe lay on the floor, absorbed (absorb) in his book.7 (教材P67)Many questions also arise in the cloning of dinosaurs.在克隆恐龙上也产生了许多问题。归纳拓展经典例句The
31、problem may not arise, but theres no harm in keeping our powder dry.问题不一定会出现，但有备无患并无害处。Emotional or mental problems can arise from a physical cause.身体上的原因可以引起情绪或精神上的问题。名师点津arise 作“呈现；出现；发生”之意时，主语多为抽象名词 argument/problem/quarrel/question/movement 等，多指不好的事情发生。辨析比较 arise, rise, raise, arouse易混词词性词义arise
32、 (arose, arisen)vi.发生，出现；起立，起身rise (rose, risen)vi.上升，增加，起床，起身raise (raised, raised)vt.增加，提高，举起，种植，抚养arouse (aroused, aroused)vt.唤醒，激起即学即练单句语法填空I thought it easy to do it, but a lot of new questions arose (arise)In modern society, there are an increasing number of problems arising (arise) from/out o
33、f the lack of communication.Accidents often arise from/out of carelessness.1 (教材P65)But to rely on a few cloned animals or crops would restrict the biodiversity of the breed.但是仅仅依靠少数几种克隆的动植物会限制生物种类的多样性。归纳拓展rely on sb. to do sth.rely on sb./sb.s doing sth. 依靠某人做某事rely on it that. 相信，指望品读高考(2017全国卷)Dr
34、iving gives many old people the freedom to get out and without having to rely on others.开车驾驶给了许多老年人外出的自由，没有必要依靠其他人。经典例句We must regard as our goal the peoples desire to live a better life, and rely on the people to move history forward.我们必须把人民对美好生活的向往作为奋斗目标，依靠人民推动历史前进。You can rely on me to keep your
35、secret.你尽管相信我一定为你保密。You may rely on it that the work will be finished ahead of time.你可以放心，这项工作将提前完成。即学即练单句语法填空Millions of Chinese rely on bicycles as their important means of transportation.You cant just rely on your parents to lend (lend) you the money.You may rely on it that he will come to pick y
36、ou up.(教材P67)When life ends, DNA breaks down and does not repair itself.当生命结束后，DNA发生分解并且不能自我修复。归纳拓展经典例句Almost every natural substance can be broken down by bacteria.几乎每一种天然物质都可被细菌分解。Just before he realized that he should stop smoking, his health had broken down completely.就在他意识到应该戒烟之前，他的健康已经完全垮掉了。Al
37、though she tried hard, she still cant break through.尽管她努力尝试，但是还是不能取得突破。It was money trouble that broke up their marriage.是因为钱的问题他们的婚姻才破裂的。即学即练写出下列句中 break down 的含义He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the airconditioning system broke down.出故障The peace talks b
38、roke down with no agreement reached.(谈判)等失败His health broke down under the pressure of work.(身体)垮掉To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it down into parts.分解1 Its certainly true that in 1953, Watson and Crick, two scientists at Cambridge University, England, discovered the struct
39、ure of the acid DNAa transparent twisting ladder made of the fundamental components of life.这是一个不争的事实，1953年，沃森和克里克，英国剑桥大学的两位科学家，发现了酸性DNA的结构构成生命基本元素的一种透明的螺旋状梯形结构。(1)it 在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是后面 that 引导的从句。(2)句中有两个同位语，two scientists at Cambridge University, England 和 a transparent twisting ladder。它们分别是 Watson
40、 and Crick 和DNA的同位语。(3)made of the fundamental components of life 在句中是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的 ladder；可以转换成定语从句：which is made of the fundamental components of life。归纳拓展不定式、动词ing 形式及从句作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，且 it 常置于句首。品读高考(2017全国卷)Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it is all but
41、 impossible to find natural substitutes.不幸的是，你必须随身携带必要的设备，因为你不可能找到自然替代物。(2016江苏)In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden within the work.在艺术批评方面，你必须假设艺术家在艺术作品里隐藏着一种秘密的信息。经典例句It is true that all body possesses weight.所有物体都有重量，这是真理。This piece of music composed by Mozart
42、 is pleasant.莫扎特创作的这首乐曲很动听。即学即练单句语法填空It is no use talking to him. He wont listen to you.It is a pity that he cant swim.We like to eat the food cooked (cook) by the experts.2 The reason why Brave New World is still so famous is that it describes a terrifying future world that is becoming more and mor
43、e possible.勇敢新世界仍然如此出名是因为它描述了一个越来越可能出现的恐怖的未来世界。该句含有“The reason why.is that.”句型，其中 why 引导定语从句，that 引导表语从句。归纳拓展(1)the reason 作先行词时，其后的定语从句如果结构完整，用 why 或 for which 引导；如果从句中缺少主语或宾语，则用 that 或 which 引导。(2)the reason 作主语时，表语从句只能用 that 引导，且 that 不能省略。经典例句The reason why he was absent from the meeting was tha
44、t he got stuck in the traffic.他缺席会议的原因是他遇到交通阻塞了。The reason why/for which I was late was that I missed the bus.我迟到是因为我没赶上公共汽车。即学即练单句语法填空The reason why/for which he was driving so fast was that he would be late for an important meeting.The reason that/which he explained sounded true.单词拼写1It is well kn
45、own that sports are beneficial (有益的) to building our bodies.2Thats the most incredible (难以置信的) coincidence Ive ever heard of!3We tried to stay away from controversial (有争议的) topics at the dinner party.4Honesty is considered as one of the good virtues (德行)5Unexpected difficulties arose (产生) in the co
46、urse of their experiment.6He quarreled with my suggestion that television caused violence (暴力)7Adults are not flexible (易适应的); they do not transplant comfortably to another place.8These regulations (法规，条例) are intended to prevent accidents.9The rain pours down, accompanied (伴随) by thunder and lightn
47、ing.10Years of research work have failed to produce a cure (治愈) for the disease.选词填空treat.as., (be) identical to, as follows, knock out, get out of control, as far as I know, break down, bring.back to life, by mistake, rely on1As far as I know, hell be away for three months.2After many years, rocks
48、can break down into dirt.3The trees and flowers brought the city back to life.4I took another passengers luggage by mistake on the bus yesterday.5At present, we are relying on the computer too much.6The main items researched in this paper are listed as follows.7Our team was knocked out in the second
49、 run.8You drink in moderation. You never let your drinking behavior get out of control.9Its really interesting that your cat is identical to mine.10He preferred to be treated as an ordinary worker.一句多译1无论你去哪儿，我都陪你。I will accompany you wherever you go.(accompany)I will keep you company wherever you g
50、o.(company)2作家全神贯注地进行写作，以至于忘了外面的一切。The writer was so absorbed in his writing that he forgot everything outside.(absorb)The writer was so lost in his writing that he forgot everything outside.(lose)The writer was so buried in his writing that he forgot everything outside.(bury)The writer was so concentrating on his writing that he forgot everything outside.(concentrate)
