1、Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars1astronaut n. 宇航员2telescope n. 望远镜3universe n. 宇宙4rocket n. 火箭5orbit n. (天体等的)运行轨道6monitor vt. 监测；监控7data n. 资料；数据8gravity n万有引力9planet n行星10the outer space 外太空11weather satellite 气象卫星12space shuttle 航天飞机1manned spaceship/spacecraft载人飞船2technological revolutio
2、n科技革命3space station太空站；空间站4driverless cars无人驾驶汽车5explore space探索太空6flying car飞行汽车7have access to space travel能到太空旅游8land on the moon登月9potential breakthrough潜在的突破10launch/send up a satellite发射卫星1Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s.自从20世纪30年代以来，发明家一直在试图制造飞车。2The journey to
3、outer space and other planets is not a dream any more.去外太空和其他星球的旅行不再是个梦。3Thanks to advanced technology, we are expected to make greater achievements in other fields, which will bring convenience in every aspect of peoples life.因为先进的科技，我们会在其他领域取得更大的进步，给人们生活的方方面面带来便利。1It_was_the_first_time_that human
4、beings had planted plants in space.那是人类第一次在太空种植植物。2Great_achievements_have_been_made by China in space exploration in the past decades.在过去的几十年中，中国在太空探索方面取得了巨大的成就。3Human_beings_have_been_in_space since the middle of the last century. But those human beings are simply a few astronauts.自20世纪中叶以来，人类已经踏入
5、太空，但是这些人只是为数不多的宇航员而已。 教材单词写准并记牢高考与教材.重点单词1atmosphere n. 大气层；气氛2fundamental adj. 基本的；基础的3thus adv. 因此；于是4gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的5climate n. 气候6crash vi.& vt. 碰撞；坠落7pull n& vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力8float vi.& vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮n. 漂浮物9system n. 系统；体系；制度10theory n. 学说；理论.拓展单词1globe n. 球体；地球仪；地球global adj. 全球性的；全世界的2viol
6、ent adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violence n. 暴力violently adv. 暴力地；猛烈地3unlike prep. 与不同；不像 adj. 不同的like vt. 喜欢 prep. 像dislike vt. 不喜欢；讨厌likely adj. 可能的4harmful adj. 有害的harm n& vt. 伤害harmless adj. 无害的5exist vi. 存在；生存existence n. 存在；生存6puzzle vt.& vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难 n. 谜；难题puzzled adj. 困惑的puzzling adj. 令人困惑的7religion
7、n. 宗教；宗教信仰religious adj. 宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的8biology n. 生物学biologist n. 生物学家biological adj. 生物的；生物学的9reaction n. 反应；回应react v. 反应.阅读单词1solar adj. 太阳的；日光的2.chain n 链子；连锁；锁链3dissolve vt.& vi. 溶解；解散 4.acid n. 酸5multiply vi.& vt. 乘；增加 6.gravity n. 万有引力；重力7extinct adj. 灭绝的；绝种的 8.exhaust vt. 用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽9satell
8、ite n. 卫星；人造卫星 10.spaceship n. 宇宙飞船11physicist n. 物理学家 12.oxygen n. 氧1.(2019江苏卷)Unlike (like) traditional gyms, appbacked gyms offer people flexible options to exercise.2(2018全国卷)Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. “That is only evidence that traditions once exis
9、ted (exist)，” he said.3(2018全国卷)I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle. He was shaking violently (violent)4(2017全国卷)What I saw was completely unlike (like) anything I had experienced in the past. This newness just left me wanting more. 教材短语写准并记牢高考与教材1.in_time 及时；
10、终于2lay_eggs 下蛋3give_birth_to 产生；分娩4in_ones_turn 轮到某人；接着5prevent.from 阻止；制止6cheer_up 感到高兴；感到振奋7depend_on 依靠；取决于8break_out 突发；爆发9watch_out_for 密切注视；当心；提防10block_out 挡住(光线)11get_the_hang_of 熟悉；掌握；理解12react_to 对作出反应1.(2019浙江卷)They were not sure how the Americans would react_to (对作出反应) the new type of mu
11、sic.2(2018全国卷)If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent_them_(from)_turning_brown (阻止它们变成棕色)3(2017浙江卷)Her friends came to help her when the war broke_out (爆发). 教材句式写准并记牢高考与教材1.so.that 句型The earth became so_violent_that it was not clear whether the shape would last or no
12、t.地球变得如此激烈动荡以至于不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。2be to do sth. 结构They were in time to_produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere.它们最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。3make it possible to do sth. 结构This produced a chain reaction, which made_it_possible_for_life_t
13、o_develop.这就形成了一个连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。4倍数表达法But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice_as_far_as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，然后我摔倒了。5now that 引导原因状语从句Walking does need a bit of practice now_that gravity has changed.既然重力改变了，行走的确需要一些练习。1.(2019全国卷)On our
14、way to the house, it_was_raining_so_hard_that (雨下得如此大以至于) we couldnt help wondering how long it would take to get there.2(2018北京卷)I explained every step of the process in detail, which_made_it_possible_for_them_to_understand_how_to_make_tea (这让他们理解如何泡茶成为可能)3(2018全国卷)The short film tells about the de
15、velopment of our school. Now our school is_three_times_as_big_as_that_ten_years_ago (是十年前的三倍大).1形容词un 前缀变否定词likeunlike 不同的ableunable 不能的luckyunlucky 不幸的believableunbelievable 不可相信的certainuncertain 不确定的clearunclear 不清楚的comfortableuncomfortable 不舒服的fairunfair 不公平的willingunwilling 不情愿的usualunusual 不寻常的
16、2后缀ist名词荟萃biologist 生物学家tourist 旅游者；游客physicist 物理学家scientist 科学家psychologist 心理学家3“太空”单词集锦astronomer n天文学家astronomy n天文学astronaut n宇航员satellite n卫星atmosphere n大气层universe n宇宙gravity n万有引力planet n行星spaceship n宇宙飞船4“动词from”短语一览keep/stop/prevent.from 阻止；制止separate.from 把和分离开differ from 与不同suffer from
17、受苦hear from 收到的来信5“动词out”短语荟萃block out 挡住(光线)break out 突发；爆发find out 查出；弄明白look/watch out 当心；提防put out 扑灭run out 用完let out 泄露；发出(声音)高频词汇精讲1in time 及时；终于They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases.它们最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体。in time for. 刚好赶上in time to do sth. 及时做某事in no ti
18、me 立刻；马上at no time 决不(放在句首时，句子用部分倒装)at a time 每次；一次at one time 曾经；一度at the same time 同时 at times 有时from time to time 有时；偶尔take ones time 从容不迫；慢慢来kill time 消磨时间(1)单句语法填空The problem was hard but he worked it out in time.All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time for Christ
19、mas.We arrived in the summer, just in time to_enjoy (enjoy) the midnight sun.(2)写作运用As a proverb goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Our efforts will pay off in_time.常言道：有志者事竟成。我们的努力迟早会有所回报。2harmful adj. 有害的What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the e
20、arth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使得地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。(1)be harmful to 对有害harmless adj. 无害的(2)cause/do harm to. 对造成伤害/有害mean no harm 无恶意there is no harm in doing sth. 做某事没有害处(1)单句语法填空The medicine is harmful (harm) to children but does no harm to
21、 adults.They may not be able to help but there is no harm in asking them.Apparently, you were cracking a harmless (harm) joke, but she was terribly scared.These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are common, causing/doing serious harm to life and the environment.(2)一句多译What_is_known_to_us is
22、 that eating too much junk food is_harmful_to_your_health.It_is_known_to_us that eating too much junk food does_harm_to_your_health.众所周知，吃太多垃圾食品对你的健康有害。3.exist vi. 存在；生存They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.它们也产卵，并且在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。(1)exist in 存在于之中exist on 靠为生The
23、re exists/existed. 某地有；存在(2)existence n. 存在；生存come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在(3)existing adj. 现存的；现行的(1)单句语法填空These customs came into existence (exist) long ago.There exist many opportunities for regional development.It was impossible for them to exist on such a small income.The parking place for bik
24、es was an existing (exist) problem for a long time in our school.(2)完成句子Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came_into_existence.关于一开始宇宙是如何产生的，科学家们有多种观点。As is known to us, there_exists a generation gap between the young and the old.众所周知，年轻人和老年人之间存在代沟。4in ones turn 轮到某人；接着Thus t
25、hey have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.因此轮到它们成为地球上最重要的动物。in turn依次地；轮流地by turns 交替地take turns to do. 轮流做Its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人该做某事了It turns/turned out that. 结果完成句子Theory is based on practice and in_turn serves practice.实践是理论的基础，反过来理论又为实践服务。I think its_my_turn
26、_to_send the kids to school this week.我想这周该轮到我送孩子们上学了。When it is my_turn,_I am too excited to speak.当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。It_turned_out_that the person seated next to me on the train was one of my old friends.火车上坐在我旁边的那个人原来是我的一个老朋友。5prevent.from 阻止；制止They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atm
27、osphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.他们把过多的二氧化碳排放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。(1)prevent/stop/keep.from doing sth. 阻止做某事protect.from 保护不受的侵袭；挡住；防御keep.doing sth. 使一直做某事(2)prevent/keep/stop sb. from doing sth. 的主动式中，只有 keep 后面的 from 不能省略，而在被动式中三个短语的 from 都不能省略。(1)单句语法填空He h
28、eld firmly on to the wheel to prevent himself (from) being_washed (wash) into the sea.They were prevented from going on holiday by their lack of money.(2)写作运用It is high time that we did something to stop/prevent_the_environment_(from)_being_polluted(keep_the_environment_from_being_polluted)到了我们采取措施阻
29、止环境污染的时候了。6.puzzle n. 谜；难题 vt. & vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。(1)puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索(2)a puzzle to sb. 一件让某人感到困惑的事情(3)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的；困惑的be puzzled about 对迷惑不解(1)单句语法
30、填空When the little girl was asked such a puzzling (puzzle) question, she stood there with a surprised look on her face.This morning, when I was walking on the street, I saw that two travelers were reading a map, looking puzzled (puzzle)The police are still puzzled about/over how the accident could ha
31、ve happened.(2)完成句子His last paintings are perhaps the_most_puzzling,_which even puzzle all the artists.他最后的绘画也许是最令人困惑的，甚至使所有的艺术家感到困惑。7pull n. & vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earths gravity.随着火箭升空，我们被
32、重重地向后推在座位上，因为我们在尽力地逃离地球的引力。pull up 拔出；(使)停止 pull in (火车)进站；(船)靠岸pull out 驶出；退出 pull over 驶向路边pull down 拆毁；摧毁 pull through 康复；痊愈(1)单句语法填空The father saw the train his son was on pull out,_with his eyes full of tears.A new hospital has been planned to be built here, and they are going to pull down that
33、 old building.Everyone was very concerned whether he would pull through or not.It was going to rain, so they managed to pull in the tractor inside the shed.(2)完成句子Youll find the old man in the garden as usual, pulling_up weeds.你会像平时一样在花园里找到这个老人，他在拔草。8.cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋I cheered up immediately and f
34、loated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的)地球越来越小，而(前方的)月球越来越大。cheer sb. up 使某人振作起来cheer sb. on (比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励某人；为某人加油Cheers! 口语(用于祝酒)干杯！(1)单句语法填空They gathered round the swimming pool and cheered her on.Lets go
35、 to the football game and cheer for our favorite team.(2)完成句子When I do badly in study, she encourages me and tries to cheer_me_up.当我学习不好的时候，她鼓励我，并试图使我高兴起来。I do hope she can cheer_up and accept the challenge of life bravely!我真心希望她能振作起来，勇敢地接受生活的挑战！9break out 突发；爆发We watched, amazed as fire broke out o
36、n the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased.我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层起火燃烧。break off 折断；突然停止；暂停break into 闯入；破门而入break down 分解；发生故障；失败；毁掉break through 有进展，有突破break away 脱离；放弃；逃跑break in 打断；闯入用break短语的适当形式填空A fire broke_out in the lower storey during the midnight and soon the whole
37、building was in flames.The husband and wife are always quarrelling and their relations are breaking_up.She broke_down when she heard the news, but quickly recovered.Scientists think they have broken_through in their attempt to find the causes of many major diseases.Last night somebody broke_into Mr
38、Whites house and took away a lot of things.10watch out for 密切注视；当心；提防He climbed the mountain carefully, all the time watching out for loose rocks.爬山时，他步步小心，怕踩到松动的石头。watch over 照看；监督；保护keep a watch on 注意；密切注视be on the watch (for) 提防；警惕；当心(1)单句语法填空Im always watching out for mistakes that I may have mi
39、ssed before.Will you watch over my clothes while I have a swim?Please keep a close watch on the children while they are in the pool.(2)完成句子Road signs warn drivers to watch_out_for the moose or other big animals that can walk into the road.路标警示司机要当心出现在路上的大角麋或其他大型动物。重点词汇点拨1atmosphere n大气层；气氛in a frien
40、dly atmosphere 在友好的气氛中the polluted atmosphere 被污染的空气Creating an atmosphere where employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.The conversation was carried on in a cordial and friendly atmosphere.2unlike prep.与不同；不像(1)Its like/unlike sb. to do sth.做某事实在像/不像某人(2)like prep.像；类似(反义词unlike)v喜欢somethi
41、ng like 几分像；大约(3)dislike vt. & n不喜欢；讨厌Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike (like) sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.3fundamental adj. 根本的；基本的；基础的；必不可少的be fundamental to. 是的基础As we know, hard work is fundamental to success.4lay v. 放置；搁；下(蛋)；产(卵)lay aside 把搁置一旁lay down
42、把放下；制定lay off (因没有工作而)解雇；停止做lay out 摆出；铺开；布置；设计I laid (lay) my book aside, turned off the light and went to sleep.The wife employed a company to lay out the apartment.5block out 挡住、遮住(光线等)block off sth. 封锁；堵住block sth. in 塞满；使受阻block up sth. 堵塞；挡住a block ofblocks of 大块/一批a block of flats 一幢公寓大楼As a
43、result of this event, a great dust cloud formed in the sky blocking_out the sunlight.因此，天空中形成的大量灰尘层阻挡了太阳光线。典型句式精析1They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere.它们最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。句中 be to do 结构表示即将发生某事、计划或安排做某事、要
44、求做某事。“be about to do”表示即将做某事，不与任何时间状语连用；“will 动词原形”表示将来行为，“预见”或“临时考虑”将做某事； “be going to do”表示打算/计划好去做某事，或有迹象表明要发生某事(1)单句语法填空If you are to_win (win) the game, youll have to train hard.Wait for me for a moment, Im about to_set (set) out.(2)完成句子The foreign students are to_hold/holding a party to celebr
45、ate Christmas Day next Monday.那些外籍学生下周一打算举行一次晚会庆祝圣诞节。2This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命发展成为可能。这是“make it形容词/名词to do sth.”句型。该句型中 it 为形式宾语，指代后面的不定式结构，形容词或名词为宾语补足语。(1)make 宾语 宾语补足语(2)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think, consider, find, feel等(1)单句语法填空People in t
46、he West make it a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.My parents would like to make me study (study) 24 hours a day.The teacher raised his voice so that he could make himself heard (hear)(2)完成句子The Internet makes_it_possible_to_share the latest news.网络使得分享最新消息成为可能。3But whe
47、n I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，然后我摔倒了。英语中常见的倍数表达法有：(1)Abe倍数asadj./adv. 原级asB(2)Abe倍数adj./adv. 比较级thanB(3)Abe倍数the名词(size/weight.)ofB(4)A倍数what从句(1)单句语法填空It is reported that the United States uses twice a
48、s much energy as the whole of Europe.The red ruler is three times the length (long) of the yellow one.The population now in this village is five times what it was ten years ago.(2)完成句子There are five_times_as_many_books in our library as in yours.我们图书馆里的书是你们图书馆里的书的五倍。4.“Oh dear，”I cried, “walking doe
49、s need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”“天啊，”我惊呼，“既然引力改变了，走路就确实需要稍微锻炼一下了。”(1)now that相当于since，是连词词组，用来引导原因状语从句，口语中经常省略that，只用now，这时now已经失去了“现在”的含义(2)可引导原因状语从句的从属连词(词组)：because, as, since, now that, in that；并列连词：for完成句子Now_that/Since you have grown up, you can make up your mind by your
50、self.既然你已经长大了，你可以自己做决定了。.单词拼写1Those anxious for reform say that the present system (体制) is too narrow.2I hope you will recover soon under this enjoyable climate (气候)3According to the theory (理论) of relativity, nothing can travel faster than light.4He often says that he doesnt believe in any religion
51、 (宗教) and only believes in himself.5A truck went out of control and crashed (碰撞) into the back of a bus.6Tornadoes are violent (猛烈的)whirlwinds which vary in their width from a few yards to 1,300 feet.7A small boat was floating (漂浮) on the surface of the water.8A great block (块) of rock had fallen fr
52、om the cliff and now blocked the road.9From these observations we conclude that the moon has little or no atmosphere (大气层)10Some experts think reading is the fundamental (基本的) skill upon which school education depends.单句语法填空1She is a very religious (religion) person who goes to church every Sunday.2
53、This kind of plant has been in existence (exist) for millions of years.3He arrived home just in time to_witness (witness) his brother being taken away by the police.4We live in a global (globe) village, but this doesnt mean that we all behave in the same way.5It is wrong to see violence (violent) as
54、 the only way to solve problems.6The children are schooled in an old room that once stored harmful (harm) chemicals.7Unlike (like) his brother he is talkative and has a sense of humour.8It was my friends who gave me a great deal of encouragement (encourage)9I could feel the wind gently (gentle) blow
55、ing through my hair. It was a warm summer breeze.10The government took immediate measures and the disease was prevented from spreading.11He is one of the greatest physicists (physics) in the world and many people admire him very much.12Over the past five years Tom has_gone (go) through a lot of hard
56、ships.13Agriculture has developed rapidly, thus providing (provide) light industry with ample raw materials.14The policeman signalled the driver to pull over so that he could check his licence.15If you want to succeed in the years to_come (come), you must study hard from now on.选词填空in ones turn， bre
57、ak out， cheer up， get the hang of， watch out for， in time， block out， give birth to1When Premier Li Keqiang turned up, all the students cheered_up.2Last night a fire broke_out in the hotel across the street.3Class Three should be responsible for raising the red flag this week in_its_turn.4Only by pr
58、actising time and time again can you get_the_hang_of the grammar rules.5She married at 25 and gave_birth_to her first child shortly after.6She bought a heavy curtain to block_out the light.7Last night, Mrs Green had a heart attack. But luckily, the doctor came in_time to save her life.8Do remember t
59、o watch_out_for cars while crossing the street.完成句子1Now_that we have nothing to do, we can enjoy music for a little while.既然我们无事可做，我们可以享受一会儿音乐了。2Obviously, it is the teamwork that_makes_it_possible for them to go anywhere they want to.显而易见，正是团队合作才使得他们去想去的地方成为可能。3It_is_not_clear_whether the accident
60、has an effect on the environment or not.还不清楚这次事故是否对环境有影响。4Geological research shows that whenever the earth heats up a few degrees, the Arctic gets three_times_as_warm.地质研究表明，每当地球温度上升几度，北极地区就会变暖三倍。5Whenever I encounter difficulties, she will encourage me and help me cheer_up.每当我遇到困难时，她总是鼓励我，帮我振作起来。.
61、课文回顾The earth was just _1_ cloud of dust after the“Big Bang”. The earth exploded _2_ (loud) with fire and rock. They were in time to produce many things, which were _3_ (make) the earths atmosphere. As the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. It allowed the earth to dissolve _4_
62、(harm) gases. Then life began to develop.Small plants multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen. This encouraged the _5_ (develop) of early shellfish and fish. Land animals such as insects, reptiles and dinosaurs _6_ (appear) after green plants appeared. Small clever animals spread all _
63、7_ the earth. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, _8_ prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. _9_ life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can _10_ (solve)1a2.loudly3.to_make4.harmful5.development6appea
64、red7.over8.which9.Whether10.be_solved.教材写作假设你是李华，对探月感兴趣，现在写一篇英语短文，设想如何在假期到月球旅行。1去月球旅行的问题：如何吃饭、喝水；2月球现状：月球没有重力，食物会飘移；3解决办法：食物放在试管中，吸食；4去月球旅行的期望。注意：1.请根据以上要点写一篇80词左右的短文；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。If_I_visited_the_moon,_there_would_be_a_problem_I_might_be_faced_with:_how_to_eat_and_drink.The_gravity_of_the_moon_i
65、s_so_weak_that_the_food_will_float_around._I_would_have_to_take_all_my_food_with_me._So_it_could_be_put_in_a_tube_and_then_I_would_be_able_to_suck_it_more_easily._Perhaps_I_would_use_a_straw_to_do_it._It_can_prevent_the_food_from_floating_away.Only_in_this_way_can_the_problem_be_solved._I_will_have_
66、a_try_in_time.课文概要写作根据课文内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。It_is_said_that_the_universe_began_with_a_“Big_Bang”_(要点1)After_that,_the_earth_exploded_violently_but_in_time_created_atmosphere,_and_later_water_appeared_on_its_surface_which_made_life_possible._(要点2)_Thanks_to_the_water,_various_wildlife_appeared_and_developed_on_the_earth._(要点3)Finally,_humans_ruled_the_earth_till_today_but_they_are_polluting_the_earth_so_seriously_that_their_existence_and_future_depends_on_whether_this_problem_can_be_solved.(要点4)
