1、课时素养评价八Unit 3Using language. 单句语法填空1. The computer has been used (use) every day since we bought it. 2. My MacBook Pro broke down and my paper has been left (leave) unfinished since. 3. More than 50, 000 yuan has been raised (raise) for the poor family since the group was founded. 4. Black Friday ha
2、s been regarded(regard) as the beginning of the holiday shopping season for years. 5. Many foreign films have been shown (show) on TV since last month. 6. Have you heard about that fire in the market?Yes, fortunately no one was hurt (hurt). 7. Some efforts were made(make) to improve the air quality
3、in the city last winter. 8. Over the past three years, the paintings have been taken (take) to more than 20 museums in the world. 9. This is the first time that a woman has been appointed (appoint) to the post. 10. The famous musician, as well as his students, was invited (invite) to perform at the
4、opening ceremony last night. . 完成句子1. When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what has been marked. 当你把纸拿回来的时候, 要特别注意做了标记的东西。2. Paper money has been used for over one thousand years. 纸币已被使用了1 000多年了。3. How many times have you been told not to play with fire?Im sorry. Ill never do that
5、again. 有多少次你被告知不要玩火?我很抱歉。我再也不会那样做了。4. In the last few years thousands of films have been produced all over the world. 在过去的几年里, 世界各地已经制作了数千部电影。5. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I have been told the cloth washes well. 我想买那种布, 因为有人告诉我这种布很耐洗。6. You can go home as soon as your task has been fin
6、ished. 你的任务一完成你就可以回家。7. Have the new booking systems for tickets been used?新的订票制度已在使用中了吗?. 阅读理解The worlds first hydrogen-powered trains have begun running in Germany. They began carrying passengers on Monday in Germanys northern Lower Saxony state. The new train will run 100-kilometer trips and can
7、travel up to 140 kilometers an hour. A French railroad company called Alstom built the two trains. Teams in Germany and France cooperated on the project, which was supported by the German government. The new train model, called the Coradia iLint, signals the beginning of efforts in Germany and other
8、 nations to move away from pollution-producing diesel(柴油) trains. Compared with the diesel trains, the Coradia iLint is designed to run on non-electrified train lines with low levels of noise. It uses a process that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electrical power. If the system produces mor
9、e energy than the train needs at that time, it can store the extra energy in batteries. The only emissions(排放物) are water and steam. A single tank of hydrogen can run a Coradia iLint train for about 1, 000 kilometers. This is very similar to the distance a diesel-powered train can run on with a sing
10、le tank. Hydrogen-powered trains cost more than diesel trains to build. But Alstom officials say the operating costs are much lower. The company plans to provide another 14 Coradia iLint trains to Lower Saxony by 2021. The head of railroad operations in the area, Carmen Schwabl, praised replacing di
11、esel trains with hydrogen. She said the move was an important first step in using clean-burning technologies to reach climate protection goals. Officials say the areas many wind turbines (涡轮机) will produce part of the energy to create the hydrogen to power the trains. Alstom says several other Europ
12、ean countries have also expressed interest in developing hydrogen train systems. France has already said it wants its first hydrogen train to be operating by 2022. 【文章大意】本文是一篇科技说明文。文章介绍的是一种新型的氢动力火车。1. Why did Germany build the new trains?A. To make traveling much easier. B. To carry more passengers.
13、 C. To replace diesel trains. D. To develop friendship with France. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文中第二段最后一句The new train model, called the Coradia iLint, signals the beginning of efforts in Germany and other nations to move away from pollution-producing diesel trains. (这款名为Coradia iLint的新列车标志着德国和其他国家开始努力摆脱产生污染的柴油列
14、车。)可知, 德国建造新火车的目的是取代柴油火车。故选C。2. It can be concluded that hydrogen trains_. A. are widely usedB. can produce water and oxygenC. can stop air pollutionD. are environmentally friendly【解析】选D。推理判断题。由文中第三段Compared with the diesel trains, the Coradia iLint is designed to run on non-electrified train lines
15、with low levels of noise. 和The only emissions are water and steam. 可知, 新的氢动力火车具有低噪音的特点, 且其仅有的排放物是水和蒸汽, 所以是环保的, 故D为正确答案。3. What might be the best title for the text?A. Worlds First Hydrogen TrainsB. Efforts to Reduce EmissionsC. Saving Natural ResourcesD. A New Way to Make Electricity【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据文
16、章第一段“The worlds first hydrogen-powered trains have begun running in Germany. ”和全文内容可知, 本文主要介绍的是一种新型的氢动力火车的研制及其特点。所以A项Worlds First Hydrogen Trains(世界上第一批氢火车)符合文章大意。故选A。. 完形填空Luckily, I got four turkeys this holiday. I 1only one of them. I knew my neighbor was going through a hard time, so I decided t
17、o give one to them as a2. That still3me with two extra turkeys. I4to cook one of them, make sandwiches and5them to an area of town where many people seem to be in need of food and a little kindness. While I was waiting for the bus to get there, I saw two people that I thought might6sandwiches. The m
18、oment they came near, I7them each a sandwich and told them to have a good day. On the bus, a young mother got on with her little girl. I offered her a sandwich, and she 8accepted. Then I started giving them to other9, along with smile cards, and they also 10with smiles. By this point, I was 11happin
19、ess and couldnt help smiling. I felt12because of that. When we got to the bus terminal, I had given away five sandwiches. The act of giving, the care shared and the13smiles just made my heart filled with so much 14. I think what I have done is good for everyone, 15 I will do this again soon. 【文章大意】本
20、文是一篇记叙文。作者向陌生人赠送火鸡三明治, 陌生人投以微笑, 彼此都感到快乐。1. A. neededB. noticedC. orderedD. saved【解析】选A。根据上文的“got four turkeys this holiday”及下文的“I decided to give one to them”和“two extra turkeys”可知, 作者只需要(needed)一只火鸡。2. A. prizeB. giftC. choiceD. wish【解析】选B。根据上文的“holiday”及“give”可知, 作者决定把一只火鸡作为礼物(gift)送给邻居。3. A. fill
21、edB. upsetC. providedD. left【解析】选D。根据上文作者需要一只, 送给邻居一只及下文“two extra turkeys”可知, 作者还剩余(left)两只火鸡。4. A. learnedB. waitedC. helpedD. decided【解析】选D。根据第二段第一句可知, 作者还有两只火鸡, 这里指作者决定把其中一只做成三明治。5. A. mailB. lendC. sellD. take【解析】选D。由_them to an area of town where. . . kindness可知, 作者决定把其中一只做成三明治带给他人。6. A. haveB
22、. makeC. likeD. buy【解析】选C。根据下文作者送给这两个人三明治可知, 作者认为这两个人也许喜欢(like)三明治。7. A. cookedB. offeredC. foundD. paid【解析】选B。由本句后半部分“and told them to have a good day”可知, 作者主动赠给(offered)这两个人火鸡三明治。8. A. gladlyB. secretlyC. seriouslyD. suddenly【解析】选A。根据下文“they also_with smiles”可知, 这位母亲高兴地(gladly)接受了三明治。9. A. passeng
23、ersB. shoppersC. neighborsD. drivers【解析】选A。作者在公交车上, 所以把三明治送给其他乘客(passengers)。10. A. refusedB. triedC. acceptedD. explained【解析】选C。由下文“with smiles”可知, 其他乘客也高兴地接受了(accepted)三明治。11. A. expecting B. requestingC. recordingD. achieving【解析】选D。根据下文“and couldnt help smiling”可知, 作者收获着(achieving)幸福。12. A. busyB
24、. greatC. safeD. nervous【解析】选B。根据上文“I was _happiness and couldnt help smiling”可知, 给陌生人赠送三明治让作者觉得棒极了(great)。13. A. surprisedB. sadC. forcedD. weak【解析】选A。作者给陌生人火鸡三明治, 当然会让他们感到惊讶, 所以他们的笑容也是惊讶的(surprised)。14. A. joyB. calmnessC. courageD. worry【解析】选A。由上文“I was _happiness and couldnt help smiling”可知, 作者内
25、心充满喜悦(joy)。 15. A. ifB. thoughC. butD. so【解析】选D。作者认为自己所做的对每个人都有好处, 所以(so)不久会再做一次。. 语法填空Rome wasnt built in a day. Nearly two decades have passed since China launched the first Beidou satellite in 2000. Since then, more Beidou satellites have been sent into orbit, 1. _(form) the Beidou Navigation Sat
26、ellite System (BDS). In late 2012, BDS 2. _(begin) providing services to people in China and other parts of the Asia-Pacific region. At the end of 2018, it started to provide global services. Now with two more Beidou satellites 3. (launch) on Dec. 16, 2019, BDS has 53 satellites in orbit. It 4. _(ex
27、pect) to greatly improve the systems ability to serve 5. _(user) worldwide. Although a satellite-based navigation system needs only 24 satellites to run 6. _(proper), having 53 allows for better coverage. This is 7. _it works: a signal receiver on Earth measures its distance from at least three sate
28、llites by recording the amount of time it takes 8. _(receive) their signals. Then it can calculate its location. With so many satellites, BDS can provide 9. _more accurate calculation. While GPS provides meter-level positioning accuracy, BDS reduces the error 10. centimeters. This service is especia
29、lly useful for land surveying, mapping, agriculture and automated driving. Future plans call for a smarter and more accessible system with Beidou at its core, to come online by 2035. By then, we can probably say that Rome has finally been built. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我国自主研发的北斗定位系统, 包括其发展、作用、运行模式、优势等。
30、1. 【解析】forming。考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分和句子结构可知, 句中已有谓语动词have been sent, 无连词, 可推断这是一个简单句, 所以设空处用作非谓语动词, 在句中充当状语;设空处与逻辑主语Beidou satellites之间是主动关系, 所以要用现在分词。故填forming。2. 【解析】began。考查谓语动词时态。分析句子成分可知, 句中缺少谓语动词, 可推断设空处充当谓语;根据时间状语In late 2012可知, 应该用一般过去时。故填began。3. 【解析】launched。考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分和句子结构可知, 句中已有谓语动词has, 无连
31、词, 可推断这是一个简单句, 所以设空处用作非谓语动词, 在句中充当宾语补足语;设空处与逻辑主语Beidou satellites之间是被动关系, 所以要用过去分词。故填launched。4. 【解析】is expected。考查被动语态。分析句子成分可知, 句子缺少谓语动词, 可推断设空处充当谓语;结合文章时态可知, 应该用一般现在时;主语it指的是BDS, 与expect之间是被动关系, 所以要用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is expected。5. 【解析】users。考查名词复数。设空处位于不定式to serve后面, 充当宾语, 且此处指的是全世界的用户, 所以应该用复数形式, 泛指
32、多个用户。故填users。6. 【解析】properly。考查副词。设空处位于非谓语动词to run后面, 起修饰作用, 修饰动词要用副词形式。故填properly。7. 【解析】how。考查表语从句连接词。句意: 这是它如何运作的(模式)。分析句子成分和结构可知, 句中有系动词is和谓语动词works, 可推断含有两个句子, 所以设空处需要填入连接词;从句位于is后面, 是表语从句;根据后文的描述可知, 这里说明的是运行模式, 即如何运行, 所以要用连接副词how。8. 【解析】to receive。考查固定句型。分析句子“a signal receiver on Earth measure
33、s its distance from at least three satellites by recording the amount of time it takes_(receive) their signals”可知, 句中含有省略关系词that/which的定语从句it takes_(receive) their signals, 修饰先行词time;关系词在从句中代替time充当takes的宾语, 此处考查固定句型it takes time to do sth. , 意为“做某事花费多少时间”。故填to receive。9. 【解析】a。考查冠词。句意: 因为有这么多的卫星, B
34、DS可以提供一种更精确的计算结果。calculation在句中意为计算结果, 是可数名词, 前面没有限定词, 无特指, 需要填不定冠词;more发音的第一个音素为辅音音素。故填a。10. 【解析】to。考查介词。句意: 尽管GPS提供到米的定位精确度, 但是BDS把误差减少到了厘米。根据句意可知, 此处考查固定表达reduce. . . to意为“减少到”。故填to。阅读理解ARobert Jarvik, born on May 11, 1946 in Michigan and raised in Stamford, is a medical scientist and researcher,
35、 who played an important role in the invention of the artificial heart. He was interested in medicine from a young age. He watched his father perform operations and gained a patent (专利权) for a machine applied in the medical operation before he graduated from high school. Jarvik attended Syracuse Uni
36、versity and considered a career in art. When his father developed heart disease suddenly, he decided then to work on a medical career. He applied to medical schools, but was not admitted to any schools in the US. Before long, he was admitted to the medical school in Italy and stayed there for two ye
37、ars. He returned to get a degree in medicine from New York University in 1971. After working for a period of time, Jarvik got a job in the organ transplant (器官移植) program at the University of Utah in 1972. He worked with the director of the program, Willem Kolff, who invented the kidney dialysis (肾透
38、析) machine. By the time Jarvik came to the University of Utah, the organ program had already developed the primary artificial heart. He improved it by creating a diaphragm (膈膜), which solved many issues with the heart. Eventually, he created the first artificial heart in 1981, the Jarvik-7, to be pl
39、aced in a human patient, which was considered one of the most important inventions in human history. Barney Clark, a retired dentist suffering from serious heart disease, received the Jarvik-7 transplant on December 2, 1982. He lived for 112 days after the operation, but the transplant was considere
40、d a success. Though receiving criticism for the risk of transplanting an artificial heart, the Jarvik-7 still became very important for patients who were waiting for a heart. In 1987, Jarvik moved to New York City and formed Jarvik Research Inc. He began developing a new heart the Jarvik 2000. This
41、smaller machine fits inside a patients heart rather than replacing the entire organ. 【文章大意】本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要介绍了美国著名的医学科学家Robert Jarvik在发明人造心脏方面做出了巨大的贡献。1. What method does the writer use to develop the passage?A. By discussing research experiments. B. By following the natural time order. C. By presenti
42、ng some research results. D. By comparing opinions from different fields. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。通读全文可知, 作者依据时间先后顺序对Robert Jarvik进行了介绍。故选B。2. The underlined word “issues” in Paragraph 4 probably means “_”. A. itemsB. incidentsC. problemsD. debates【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句He improved it by creating a diaphragm, wh
43、ich solved many issues with the heart. 可知, 他通过创造膈膜来改善它, 这解决了有关心脏的许多问题。由此推知, issues意为“问题”。故选C。3. Which of the following incidents made Robert Jarvik determine his life-long career?A. His father developed heart disease suddenly. B. He received a patent for the medical operation. C. He took part in the
44、 organ program at the University of Utah. D. He was refused to be admitted to any medical school in the US. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中的When his father developed heart disease suddenly, he decided then to work on a medical career. 可知, 当他的父亲突然患上心脏病时, 他决定从事医疗事业。由此可知, Robert Jarvik是在父亲突然患心脏病之后决定把医学作为自己的职业的。故选A
45、。4. What is the greatest achievement for Robert Jarvik as a medical scientist?A. He invented the kidney dialysis machine. B. He created the first artificial heart in 1981. C. He created a diaphragm to fit inside a patients heart. D. He did the first heart transplant operation for a patient. 【解析】选B。细
46、节理解题。根据第四段中的Eventually, he created the first artificial heart in 1981, the Jarvik-7, to be placed in a human patient, which was considered one of the most important inventions in human history. 可知, 最终, 他在1981年创造了第一个人造心脏Jarvik-7, 被放置在人类病人身上, 这被认为是人类历史上最重要的发明之一。由此可知, Robert Jarvik创造了人类历史上第一个人造心脏, 这是他作
47、为医学科学家的最伟大的成就。故选B。【点睛】做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句, 和题干进行比较, 再做出正确选择。如第4小题, What is the greatest achievement for Robert Jarvik as a medical scientist?要求判断出作为一名医学科学家, Robert Jarvik最伟大的成就是什么。根据第四段中的Eventually, he created the first artificial heart in 1981, the Jarvik-7, to be placed in a human patient, which wa
48、s considered one of the most important inventions in human history. 可知, 他在1981年创造了第一个人造心脏, 这被认为是人类历史上最重要的发明之一。由此可知, 创造了人类历史上第一个人造心脏是Robert Jarvik作为医学科学家的最伟大的成就。故选B。BChinese researchers have developed a robot designed to help doctors treat the COVID-19 and other highly contagious (传染的)diseases. The m
49、achine has a long robotic arm attached to a base with wheels. It can perform some of the same medical examination tasks as doctors. For example, the device can listen to sounds made by patients hearts and lungs. Cameras record the robots activities, which are controlled at a distance so doctors can
50、avoid coming in close contact with infected patients. Doctors and other medical workers can run the machine from a nearby room, or from much farther away. The robots main designer is Zheng Gangtie, an engineer and professor at Chinas Tsinghua University in Beijing. He told Reuters news agency that h
51、e got the idea for the machine when the number of cases of the COVID-19 was rising quickly in the city of Wuhan. One of Zhengs friends, head of Beijings Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, told him that one of the biggest problems in dealing with COVID-19 was that healthcare workers treating patients were
52、getting themselves infected. Zheng said he wanted to do something to help this situation. So the engineer gathered a team and went to work on the robot. Zheng said the team was able to change two robotic arms. The new robot is almost completely automated (自动化的), Zheng said. It can even disinfect its
53、elf after performing actions involving patient contact. “Doctors are all very brave, ” Zheng told Reuters. “But this virus is just too contagious. . . We can use robots to perform the most dangerous tasks. ”However, Zheng said he had heard from some doctors that it would be better not to build such
54、robots. This is because many patients still desire a personal presence to help calm them during treatment. The team now has two robots and both have been tested by doctors at hospitals in Beijing. One machine was once taken to Wuhans Union Hospital, where doctors there were trained to use it. Zheng
55、would like to build more of the robots, but money from the university has run out;each robot costs about $72, 000 to make. He does not plan to commercialize the design, but hopes that a company can begin that process. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京清华大学教授郑钢铁和他的团队研发了一款机器人, 用来帮助医生治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎和其他高度传染性疾病。5. What ar
56、e Paragraphs 4 and 5 mainly about?A. When the robot was designed. B. How the robot is controlled. C. Who the robot is intended for. D. Why the robot was invented. 【解析】选D。段落大意题。根据第四段关键句“He told Reuters news agency that he got the idea for the machine when the number of cases of the COVID-19 was risin
57、g quickly in the city of Wuhan. ”可知, 当新型冠状病毒肺炎在武汉的病例数迅速上升的时候, 郑钢铁有了发明这个机器人的想法。再根据第五段关键句“Zheng said he wanted to do something to help this situation. ”可知, 他发明机器人的目的是避免治疗病人的医护人员被感染。由此可以推断出, 文章第四段和第五段主要讲的是为什么要发明这款机器人。故选D项。6. The underlined word“disinfect”in Paragraph 6 most probably means_. A. cleanB.
58、destroyC. decorateD. break【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据上文The new robot is almost completely automated可知, 这种新机器人几乎是完全自动化的。并且根据画线词所在的句子“It can even disinfect itself after performing actions involving patient contact. ”可知, 它甚至能_它自己在执行与患者接触的动作后。机器人发明的目的是避免医生被病人感染, 可以推断出, 机器人所具有的优势就是不会被感染, 也就是说在与病人密切接触后, 它能够自我清洁, 使自己变
59、干净, 免受感染。“disinfect”的意思是“清洁”, 故选A项。7. What difficulty is Zheng Gangtie faced with?A. Patients refusing to use the new robot. B. Healthcare workers getting themselves infected. C. Being short of money to produce more of the robots. D. Having no teammates to commercialize the design. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后
60、一段关键句“Zheng would like to build more of the robots, but money from the university has run out;each robot costs about$72, 000 to make. ”可知, 郑钢铁想要建造更多的机器人, 但是大学的钱已经用完了。由此可推断出他面临的困难是缺乏生产更多机器人的资金。故选C项。8. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Doctors are Fighting against COVID-
61、19B. COVID-19 is Under Control in ChinaC. Chinese Robot is Invented to Replace Doctors to Cure DiseasesD. Chinese Robot is Designed to Help Doctors Fight COVID-19【解析】选D。主旨大意题。通读文章可知, 文章主要讲的是郑钢铁和他的团队研发了一款机器人, 用来帮助医生治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎和其他高度传染性疾病, 但并不能取代医生的位置。根据文章倒数第二段关键句“One machine was once taken to Wuhans Union Hospital, where doctors there were trained to use it. ”可知, 武汉协和医院的医生已经接受过使用这种机器人的培训了, 也可以证明机器人的发明是用来帮助医生抗击新型冠状病毒肺炎的。故选D项。
