1、2016河南登封市高考英语阅读理解二轮练习选编（5）含答案 阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。(原创)The British people love talking about the weather. This hot summer, Europe was caught in the heat wave, and many parts of China were also been struggling with record-breaking temperatures. Therefore, theres plenty for the Bri
2、tish people to get excited about. But beside from a simple“hot”, what other ways are there to describe the summer heat? Apart from phrases like“boiling hot”, there are many interesting expressions that relate to unbearably hot weather. Dog days of summerIn books and newspaper articles, the period fr
3、om early July to mid-August is often referred to as the“dog days of summer”. Some think the expression means the weather is so hot that dogs go wild. But in fact, the expression comes from 16th century and refers to the days on which Sirius(天狼星)the Dog Starrises at the same time as the sun. The Roma
4、ns associated the hot weather with this star and would sacrifice a dog every year in April to stop the anger of Sirius. So hot you can fry an egg on the sidewalkThis expression needs no explanation and although its origin is unclear, it hasnt stopped thousands of curious tourists from testing if the
5、 saying is true, with the result that sidewalks in Death Valley, Californiathe hottest place in the USare now littered with broken eggshells. Early in July, the local government asked tourists to stop their cooking experiments. Even so, it is actually possible to fry an egg on the sidewalk, so long
6、as you use a frying pan with a lid and the temperature is at least 49. 【文章大意】本文介绍了英语中描述炎热天气的几个习语。1. Whats the main idea of the passage? A. Some expressions about hot weather. B. The heat wave in the world. C. Sirius is associated with the hot weather. D. Death Valleythe hottest place in the US. 【解析】
7、选A。主旨大意题。文中第一段以幽默的方式介绍了今年夏天全球的热浪, 其目的是引出本文的中心, 故B项错误; 第二段的最后一句话是整篇文章的主题句, 故A项正确; C、D两项都是文章中的一部分, 范围小了。2. According to the passage, how long does“dog days of summer”last? A. About one month. B. About two months. C. About two months and a half. D. About one month and a half. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第三段的第一句In bo
8、oks and newspaper articles, the period from early July to mid-August is often referred to as the“dog days of summer”. 可知“dog days of summer”持续大约一个半月。3. What caused broken eggshells littered around sidewalks in Death Valley? A. The hot weather. B. The curiosity of tourists. C. The permission of the l
9、ocal government. D. The origin of the expression. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。由最后一段可以看出好奇的游客为了验证当地的酷热是否能够“fry an egg on the sidewalk”, 不顾当地政府的告诫, 仍然坚持做这项实验, 故B项正确。4. Which of the following is NOT necessary to test the last expression about hot weather? A. On the sidewalk. B. A frying pan with a lid. C. The tempera
10、ture(49). D. In the hottest place. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。文章中提到的关于热浪的最后一个习语是“So hot you can fry an egg on the sidewalk”, 故A项是一个必要条件; 由最后一段的最后一句可知B、C是必要条件; D项范围太大。【技法导练】多学一点棋高一着阅读理解跳读查找关键词, 破解直接细节理解题如文章第2题解题步骤如下: (1)判断题干关键词“_”。(2)跳读原文, 找到题干关键词出现在第_段; 由此定位点向后可直接找到答案出处“In books and newspaper articles, the period
11、 from early July to mid-August is often referred to as the“dog days of summer”。(3)推断答案: 根据原文出处可以轻松算出该时期持续大约一个半月。答案: (1) dog days of summer 高考英语冲刺阅读理解。More than 17 ,000 flights to and from European airspace were cancelled, including all flights from Britain s major airports. The Met office reported t
12、hat volcanic ash had begun to fall across Britain, coating surfaces with a fine layer of dust and raising fears for people with breathing difficulties. Meanwhile experts warned of shortages of some foods with produce destined for British shops in airport warehouses in other parts of the world. Geolo
13、gists reported that activity at the volcano increased yesterday, spewing a plume of ash 5.3 miles high into the atmosphere. The Icelandic Meteorological Office said the winds blowing the volcanic ash south east to Europe and up into Scandinavia and Russia will continue in the same direction for at l
14、east two days and could go on until Wednesday. But scientists fear there could be more eruptions from the 5，466-foot volcano, Mount Eyjafjallajkull. A university geophysicist said：“From what we ve seen, it could erupt，pause for a few weeks，and then possibly erupt again. It could go on for months. ”
15、As the no fly zone expanded yesterday, so did the chaos. The Icelandic volcano causing travel chaos across Europe could go on erupting for months, geologists have warned.The National Air Traffic Control Service ( Nats) extended restrictions on flights from British airports to 7p. m. on Sunday, with
16、the expectation of further extensions. Ferry operators have reported record bookings. P&O took 6,000 foot passengers across the channel on Friday compared to the 100 to 200 it would expect on a normal Friday in April. Eurostar trains were fully booked until tomorrow, with 50,000 more passengers than
17、 normal since the airline disruption (中断）began on Thursday，including comedian John Cleese who arrived back in London last night after a most difficult overland journey from Switzerland. The operator is charging passengers a minimum 223 for a single ticket from Paris to London over the next two days
18、prompting criticisms of profiteering. A return ticket can normally be bought for as little as 69. Eurostar denied it was cashing in. some 4,000 British tourists have been stranded in South Africa. The British Embassy in Athens said there were currently “many thousand” British holidaymakers trying to
19、 leave Greece after the holidays, in many cases anxious to get back in time for the start of the school term this week，with some of those desperate to return resorting to renting cars or embarking on long trains journeys. 1. Where is the volcano, Mount Eyjafjallajkull located?A. England.B. Ireland.C
20、. Iceland.D. Switzerland.答案解析：答案为C。本题为细节题。由第六段 “The Icelandic volcano ”可知， 答案为C。2. The worst affected problem for most of the Europeans during the eruption was_.A. breathing difficultiesB. shortages of foodC. the airline disruptionD. a fine layer of dust答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节推理题。由第一、二段可知，火山喷发导致了欧洲航班取消、火山灰从
21、天空落下、地上铺满了火山灰等问题，然而最严重的问题是第二段提到的 “and raising fears for people with breathing difficulties.” 呼吸困难引起了人们的恐惧，这威胁到人们的生命安全，故答案为A。3. What does the underlined word chaos mean in Para 6?A. Danger.B. Anxiety.C. Desperation.D. Disorder.答案解析：答案为D。本题为词义猜测题。结合划线词语的下文 “The Icelandic volcano causing travel chaos a
22、cross Europe could go on erupting for months .”可以推断，欧洲的火山可能会喷发几个月，它导致了旅行混乱（disorder.），故答案为D。A选项 “danger”意为“危险”，B选项 “anxiety”意为 “焦虑”， C选项“desperation”意为“绝望”，均不符合文意，故不选。4. From the passage, we know that the volcano eruption_.A. forced all the people to go back homeB. brought the train company a large
23、profitC. made 6,000 passengers take ships to cross the ChannelD. prevented British students from going to school on time答案解析：答案为B。本题为推理题。由第九段 “Eurostar trains were fully booked until tomorrow, with 50,000 more passengers than normal since the airline disruption began on Thursday”可知，自从航空线中断后，Eurostar
24、火车票订购爆满，比通常多50,000名乘客，因此可以推断，火山喷发给火车公司带来了大量利润，故答案为B。 A选项表达有误。由第八段 “Ferry operators have reported record bookings. P&O took 6,000 foot passengers across the channel on Friday ”可知，在周五有6,000 旅客乘坐渡船过海峡，可以推断，其他时间也有旅客乘坐渡船，故C选项的人数表达有误。由最后一段 “The British Embassy in Athens said there were currently “many tho
25、usand” British holidaymakers trying to leave Greece after the holidays, in many cases anxious to get back in time for the start of the school term this week”可知，外面度假的英国人努力离开希腊，其中很多人是为了及时赶上本周开学的时间，故D选项“阻止了英国学生按时上学”错误。 高考英语冲刺阅读理解。 In modern society there is a great deal of argument about competition. S
26、ome value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity. Others say that competition is bad; that it sets one person against another; that it leads to unfriendly relationship between people. I have taught many children who held the belief that their self-worth relied
27、 (依赖)on how well they performed at tennis and other skills. For them, playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs. In their single-minded pursuit (追求)of success, the development of many other human qualities is sadly forgotten. However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succe
28、ed, others take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society. Teaching these young people
29、, I often observe in them a desire to fail. They seem to seek failure by not trying to win or achieve success. By not trying, they always have an excuse: “I may have lost, but it doesnt matter because I really didnt try.” What is not usually admitted by themselves is the belief that if they had real
30、ly tried and lost, that would mean a lot. Such a loss would be a measure of their worth. Clearly, this belief is the same as that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that ones self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with other
31、s. Both are afraid of not being valued. Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve (缓解) can we discover a new meaning in competition.1. What does this passage mainly talk about? A. Competition helps to set up self-respect. B. Opinions about competition are different among peopl
32、e. C. Competition is harmful to personal quality development. D. Failures are necessary experiences in competition. 答案解析：答案为B。本题考查文章的大意。文章第一段列举两种对待竞争的不同的观点，有人支持，有人反对；后面两段分别对两种观点进行阐述，因此本文的大意就是不同的人对待竞争有不同的观点，故答案为B。2. Why do some people favor competition according to the passage? A. It pushes society f
33、orward. B. It builds up a sense of duty. C. It improves personal abilities. D.It encourages individual efforts. 答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节题。由第一段 “Some value it highly, believing that it is responsible for social progress and prosperity.”可知，有些人对竞争的评价很高，认为是它促进了社会的进步和繁荣，故答案为A。3. The underlined phrase “the most vo
34、cal” in Paragraph 3 means _. A. those who try their best to win B. those who value competition most highly C. those who are against competition most strongly D. those who rely on others most for success 答案解析：答案为C。本题为词义猜测题。由划线部分的前文 “However, while some seem to be lost in the desire to succeed, others
35、 take an opposite attitude. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition.” 可知，一些人似乎在成功的欲望里迷失了自己，然而另外一些人的态度相反，他们强烈谴责竞争，因此 “the most vocal”指代的是那些反对竞争的人，故答案为C。4What is the similar belief of the true competitors and those with a
36、 “desire to fail”? A. Ones worth lies in his performance compared with others. B. Ones success in competition needs great efforts. C. Ones achievement is determined by his particular skills. D. Ones success is based on how hard he has tried.答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节题。由最后一段 “Clearly, this belief is the same as
37、 that of the true competitors who try to prove themselves. Both are based on the mistaken belief that ones self-respect relies on how well one performs in comparison with others.”可知，反对竞争的人也就是“渴望失败的人”和真正的竞争者都有着错误的想法：个人的自尊依赖于与别人比较时候的表现如何，故答案为A。5. Which point of view may the author agree to? A. Every e
38、ffort should be paid back. B. Competition should be encouraged. C. Winning should be a life-and-death matter. D. Fear of failure should be removed in competition.答案解析：答案为D。本题考查作者的观点。由最后一段最后一句话 “Only as this basic and often troublesome fear begins to dissolve can we discover a new meaning in competition.”可知，只有失败的恐惧感得到缓解我们才能发现竞争的新的意义之所在，故答案为D“竞争中应该消除对失败的恐惧”。
