1、高 考 总 复 习 艺考生英语 第7讲 特殊句式 语法突破 专题一 语境考查类考点一 倒装句(一)完全倒装1表示时间、地点、方位和动作转移的副词，如：there，here，now，then，up，down，out，in，away 位于句首，句子谓语是 go，come，run 等不及物动词，可将谓语全部置于主语之前。但主语是人称代词时，不倒装。There remains the possibility that mistakes have been made.仍然有已经出错的可能。Look！From opposite the street come two kids,screaming in p
2、anic.看！两个孩子从街对面过来，(他们)惊慌地尖叫着。2当句首状语为表示地点的介词短语时，也常常用全部倒装。South of the city lies a factory.城市的南面有家工厂。3such 作表语置于句首时，也常常用全部倒装。Such was Einstein，a simple man but a great scientist.这就是爱因斯坦，一位朴实而又伟大的科学家。4表语置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语连系动词主语”。(1)形容词连系动词主语Present at the meeting were some experts.到会的是一些专家。(2)过去分词连系动词主语Gon
3、e are the days when we walked to work.我们步行上班的时代一去不复返了。(3)介词短语连系动词主语Among the goods are flowers，candles and toys.货物中有花，蜡烛和玩具。(二)部分倒装1句子以 never，seldom，rarely，little，hardly，scarcely 等表示否定意义的副词以及 by no means，not until，not only，not a word，not a single，on no condition，in no case 等表示否定意义的词组开头，要用部分倒装语序。Neve
4、r will he come back to the factory.他永远也不会回到这家工厂了。Not only do the nurses want a pay increase，they want reduced hours as well.护士们不仅想要增加报酬，她们也想要减少工作时间。2当句子用 so，nor，neither 开头，说明前面一句话中的情况也适用于另外一些人或物时，主语和谓语部分倒装。Tom likes English，and so do I.汤姆喜欢英语，我也喜欢英语。3在 so/such.that 引导的结果状语从句中，为了强调，把 so/such提到句首时，主谓要
5、倒装。So moved was she that she could not say a word.她感动得一句话都说不出来。So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others.他跑得那么快以至于远远超过了其他人。4as/though 引导让步状语从句时句子要用倒装语序，即要将从句中的表语、状语或从句中的动词提到 as/though 的前面。在 as/though引导的让步状语从句中，作表语的单数可数名词前不用加任何冠词。Child as he is，he knows a lot.尽管他是个孩子，但他懂得很多。5在省略 if 的虚拟条件句中，w
6、ere，had 或 should 要提到句首构成倒装。Had you come a few minutes earlier，you would have seen him.如果你早来几分钟，你就能看见他了。6当 only 所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时，采用部分倒装形式。要注意“only主语”用在句首时不倒装。Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home.直到莉莉走进办公室，她才意识到自己把合同落在家里了。Only you can help m
7、e.只有你能帮助我。7用于某些表示祝愿的句子。May you succeed！祝你成功！8neither.nor.连接两个并列分句时，这两个分句都要用倒装形式。Neither do I know it，nor do I care about it.我既不知道这件事，也不关心这件事。对点演练单句语法填空1(2019湖北荆州中学四次质检)Only then did we realize there was an earthquake.I was too frightened to move.2(2019四川部分名校联测)At the top of the hill lies (lie)an old
8、 cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city.3Next door to ours live (live)a black couple，who seem to have settled in this community for quite a long time.4The parents didnt tolerate their kidsrudeness at the party；nor did they allow themselves to be disobeyed.5Absurd as/though it might sou
9、nd，everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa.考点二 强调 1强调句型的基本结构：It is/was被强调的部分that/who句子其他部分。该句型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、状语等进行强调。当被强调部分是人，且作主语时，可用 who 或 that，其他情况下一律用 that。It is only by listening to and understanding each other thatproblems between parents and children can be settled.只有通过倾听和
10、相互理解，父母和孩子之间的问题才可能被解决。强调主语时，要注意连接词和谓语的一致性。It is our teacher who/that helps us make great progress.正是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的进步。2强调句型的一般疑问句结构：Is/Wasit被强调的部分that/who句子其他部分？Was it in the park that he met our new teacher?他是在公园里遇到我们的新老师的吗？3强调句型的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词is/wasitthat句子其他部分？When was it that he made up his mind
11、to take this course?他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？由疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序。She doesnt know who it was that saved her son.她不知道是谁救了她的儿子。4not.until 的强调句型结构：It is/was not until.that句子其他部分。It was not until he got home 30 minutes later that he found he had left his bag in the taxi.直到他到家三十分钟后他才发现他把包落在了出租车上。5强调谓语动
12、词用助动词 do，does 或 did 来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，do 还可以用于祈使句。She did tell me her address，but I forgot all about it.她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我全忘了。对点演练单句改错1(2020南昌模拟)It was in New Zealand where Elizabeth first met Carl.wherethat 2(2020福州模拟)He does help us clean the classroom yesterday.doesdid 3Where did you begi
13、n to know each other?It was on the farm that we worked.thatwhere 考点三 其他特殊句式(一)省略1状语从句中的省略在 as if，if，though，when，where，while，no matter what，until等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含 be 动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是 it 时，从句的主语和谓语中的 be 动词可以一起省略。All the photographs in this book，unless(the photographs are)stated otherwise，date from
14、 the 1950s.这本书里所有的照片，除非有说明，否则，都要追溯到 20 世纪50 年代。2动词不定式的省略在主动语态中，感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作补足语时，往往将不定式符合 to 省略；在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，通常省略该动作而保留不定式符号 to。The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.那名司机想把车停靠在路边，但是警察不允许他这样做。3常用的省略结构if ever 如果有过的话if busy 如果忙的话
15、if anything 如果有什么不同if possible 如果可能的话if so 如果那样的话if not 如果不的话if necessary 如果必要的话(二)祈使句 祈使句的基本用法如下：祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称(通常省略)。有时也可用 everybody，someone，anybody 等不定代词。祈使句表示假设的情况：“祈使句and陈述句(一般将来时)”。(1)名词词组and陈述句名词词组中通常含有 more，another，further，earlier 等词。One step further and youll fall dow
16、n.再多走一步，你就会摔倒。Just a little more patience and well look into it soon.再耐心点儿，我们很快就会调查此事。(2)祈使句破折号陈述句Try some of this juiceperhaps youll like it.尝尝这种果汁，也许你会喜欢它的。(三)感叹句感叹句的 3 种常见句式1What(a/an)形容词名词主语谓语！What beautiful flowers they are!多么美丽的花啊！2How形容词a/an可数名词主语谓语！How clever a boy he is！What a clever boy he
17、 is!多聪明的男孩呀！3How形容词/副词主语谓语！How high the mountain is！这山真高呀！(四)反意疑问句反意疑问句由“陈述句反问句”构成，若陈述句为肯定式，反意疑问句为否定式，反之亦然。1陈述部分含有 must 的反意疑问句当 must 作“必须”讲时，其反意疑问部分用 neednt；当mustnt(不允许，禁止)时，其反意疑问部分用 must。You must go now，neednt you?你现在必须走，不是吗？You mustnt smoke here，must you?你不能在这里吸烟，是吧？当 must 表示推测，作“一定，准是”讲时，反意疑问部分的动
18、词形式要根据 must 后面的动词发生的时间确定。You must have watched the football match last night，didnt you？你昨晚一定是看足球比赛了，是吧？2陈述部分含有 used to 时，疑问部分用 usednt 或 didnt 均可。You used to play football，usednt/didnt you?你过去常常踢足球，是吗？3陈述部分含有否定词的反意疑问句当陈述部分含有 seldom，hardly，scarcely，never，few，little，nothing，nobody 等否定词或半否定词时，疑问部分动词用肯定式
19、。He could hardly get up，could he?他几乎起不来了，不是吗？陈述部分含有由否定意义的前缀或后缀构成的词，疑问部分一般用否定式。Mary dislikes sports，doesnt she?玛丽不喜欢体育运动，不是吗？4陈述部分含有宾语从句时，疑问部分的主语和主句的主语保持一致。He said that she would come here on time，didnt he?他说她会准时来这里，不是吗？当主句是 I think/believe/suppose 等结构时，反意疑问部分往往根据宾语从句的主语和谓语而定，需特别注意否定转移的现象中的肯定式和否定式。I
20、dont think he will attend the meeting on time，will he?我认为他不会准时参加会议，是吗？(五)there be 句型1there be 句型中的 be 可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。并且 be 有时可用 live，remain，stand，lie，exist，seem to be，appear to be，happen to be，used to be 等替换。There have been many great changes in our country since then.自从那时起我国发生了很多大的变化。Once u
21、pon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.从前在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。2there be 句型的常考句型：There is no point/sense(in)doing sth.做某事没有意义There is no doubt that.毫无疑问There is no need(for sb.)to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事There is(no)difficulty/trouble in doing/with sth.做某事(没)有困难There is(no)possibility
22、of(doing)sth./that.(做)某事(没)有可能性对点演练单句改错1(2020河北衡水中学三次调研)Once upon a time，it was a boy whose parents named him Odd.itthere 2(2019山东济宁一模)The shocking news made me realize how terrible problems we would face.howwhat 3Video games can be a poor influence if leaving in the wrong hands.leavingleft 4There a
23、ppears to have little enthusiasm for your idea.havebe 5Tom must have finished his homework，did he?didhas(一)特殊句式在语法填空中的命题点1考查倒装句(2019天津卷，12)The professor warned the students that on no account did they use mobile phones in his class.2考查强调句型(2017天津卷改编).but it wasnt until I finished film studies that I
24、 pursued my career as an actress.3考查祈使句(2018 全 国 卷 )Reserve (reserve)your spot before availabilityand the cherry blossomsdisappear!4考查省略句(2018全国卷)After staying (stay)overnight in London，we travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit the World War I battlefields.单句语法填空1It was 80 years before Christop
25、her Columbus crossed the Atlantic _ Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.答案：that2Only with good luck _ she manage to escape from the rising flood waters.答案：did3John opened the door.There _(stand)a girl he had never seen before.答案：stood4At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River _(
26、lie)Chongqing，one of the ten largest cities in China.答案：lies5We laugh at jokes，but seldom _ we think about how they work.答案：do6Never before _(have)she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.答案：has7The little boy wanted to play computer games before finishing his homework，but his mum told
27、 him _(not)答案：not to8If _(accept)for the job，youll be informed soon.答案：accepted9Seeing is believing，isnt _?答案：it10Some flowers shut up at night as if _(sleep)答案：to sleep11I loved this movie and _ did all my friends.答案：so12Did you have a good time?Certainly.I _(do)enjoy the dishes he cooked.答案：did13(
28、2020四川诊断)Always _(keep)in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.答案：keep14You didnt wait for Mr Smith last night，did you?No，but we didnt need _.He didnt return home at all.解析：作为实义动词 need 后接动词不定式，to 后省略了 wait for Mr Smith 以避免重复，省略时需保留动词不定式符号。故填 to。答案：to15I dont think that they will reach an agreement in such a short time._ do IIt will take time to find a win-win solution.解析：句意：我认为他们不会在这么短的时间内达成协议。我也不这么认为。找到一个双赢的解决办法需要点时间。当两个不同的人对同一件事表示同样的观点时，陈述第二个人的观点，句子可以用倒装省略的形式。即 so/neither/nor助动词主语。根据上文中的“I dont think”可知，应用副词 Neither/Nor。答案：Neither/Nor
