1、Unit 4 第二课时.语法填空1_ the universe began with the “big bang” has been widely accepted.答案：That句意：宇宙开始于“大爆炸”已被广泛接受。从句中意义完整，只需要引导词。2It has been proved _ having a balanced diet helps to keep healthy.答案：that句意：据证明拥有一个均衡的饮食有助于保持健康。it为形式主语，后面从句为真正的主语，且从句意义完整。3_ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
2、答案：Whether由depends on the weather可知，此处应为“是否”之意，应用if或whether，而主语从句置于句首时只能用whether。4_ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.答案：It句意：英语正被接受成为国际性语言是一个事实。此处用it作形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。5_ made the parents proud was _ their son had been admitted to a key university.答案：What; that第一
3、个空用what引导主语从句，what在该从句中充当主语；was后为表语从句，该从句中不缺少任何成分，故用that引导，且不可省略。6It worried him a bit _ his memory was becoming worse.答案：thatit为形式主语，真正的主语从句中不缺少任何成分，故用that引导主语从句，且不可省略。7_ their flight will arrive on time is _ they are concerned about.答案：Whether; what根据语境，主语从句应用whether引导，表示未定的事；what引导表语从句，在从句中作are c
4、oncerned about的宾语。8_ place the school will be built in has led to different ideas.答案：Whichwhich引导主语从句，并在从句中修饰名词place。而where虽然表示地点也可引导从句，但它在从句中作状语。9When and why he came here _not known yet.答案：is句意：他什么时候以及为什么来这儿还不知道。when and why引导的从句作主语，谓语动词用单数，且不被知道。10He left home several days ago. _he has gone worri
5、es many people and is to be found out.答案：where考查从句的语序。这是一个主语从句，需使用陈述句语序。11Steve Jobs has gone but _ he has left behind is truly extraordinary.答案：what分析句子结构可知，“_he has left behind”是主语从句，且关系代词在从句中作宾语，故选what。12(2014天津，14改编)I think _ impress me about his painting is the colours he uses.答案：that考查名词性从句。句意
6、：我认为关于他的绘画让我印象深刻的是他使用的颜色。impresses缺少主语，故用what引导名词性从句。13_ is known to all is _ we won 38 gold medals in 2012 London Olympic Games.答案：What; that句意：众所周知，2012年伦敦奥运会上我们赢得了38枚金牌。_is known to all是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，意为“所的”，应由what引导；第二个is后的部分是表语从句，且从句表陈述意义，应由that引导，且不可省略。14_ seems to be no possibility _ Li Hua can
7、 win the first prize in the 100meter race.答案：There; thatThere seems to be是固定表达；第二个空填that，引导同位语从句补充说明possibility的具体内容。15Why and how he came here _not known yet.答案：is句意：他为什么及如何来这儿还不知道。Why and how引导的从句主语，谓语动词用单数。.阅读理解The earth is the only planet that scientists think has life. Why does the earth have l
8、ife while the other planets dont? For one thing, the earth is just the right temperature. As the_third_planet from the sun，the earth seems to be just the right distance away. The planets which are closer to the sun are so hot that their surfaces bake(烘烤)in the sun. The farthest planets are cold ball
9、s.When the earth developedwhich scientists believe may have happened about 4 billion years agomany gases covered the earth. The gases caused the earth to be hot. But something wonderful happened. The temperature was just right for thick clouds to form. It rained very hard for a very long time. This
10、gave the earth its oceans. Water made it possible for plants to grow. The plants created oxygen in the atmosphere. Oxygen is the gas that humans and animals breathe.Only one other planet in the solar system seems to be something like the earth. That planet is Mars (火星). Mars is smaller than the eart
11、h，and it is quite a bit cooler. But it is not too cold for humans. On some days, the temperatures are as low as a winter day in the northern United States. If you wore a special spacesuit, you could walk around on Mars. You would have to bring your own air to breathe，because the air on Mars is too t
12、hin to breathe.Mars has the largest volcano(火山)in the solar system. It is sixteen miles high. The highest volcano on the earth is five miles high. The most unexpected(未预料到的)sight on Mars is driedup river beds. Scientists believe that Mars was once much better than it is now. Does this mean there cou
13、ld have been living things on Mars? Scientists are not sure, but there has been no sign so far.文章大意：文章介绍了地球存在生命的原因以及火星的情况。1Which of the following is NOT the reason that the earth has life?AThe earth is just the right temperature.BThe volcanos on the earth are lower than those on Mars.CThere is oxyge
14、n in the atmosphere of the earth.DThe earth seems to be just the right distance away from the sun.答案：B细节理解题。文中提到地球是可证实的唯一有生命存在的太阳系行星，其原因包括地球温度合适、距太阳距离适中和大气里含有氧气等。B项火山与此无关。2The underlined phrase“the third planet”in the first paragraph refers to_.Athe SunBthe MoonCthe EarthDthe Mars答案：C词义猜测题。根据第一段中内容可
15、知距离太阳第三远的行星指的是地球。3Which of the following about the Mars is NOT true?AThere could have been living things on Mars.BMars has the largest volcano in the solar system.CThere is almost no oxygen in the air on Mars.DMars is smaller than the earth，and it is quite a bit cooler.答案：A细节理解题。文章最后一段提到火星上有干涸的河床的迹象
16、，但这一点并不能证实火星上存在生命，因为还没有生命迹象，故A项不正确。其他三项都与文章相符。4Which of the following is probably the best title for the passage?AThe EarthBThe MoonCPlanets in the Solar SystemDMars is Most Like the Earth答案：D主旨大意题。文章先说明地球上存在生命的原因又对比了火星和地球，说明火星是与地球最相似的行星。D项做标题最为恰当。.七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Watchin
17、g a sporting event with family and friends under the sun is a great experience in summer. _1_ In the United States, heat exposure led to 8,000 deaths between 1979 and 2003. Luckily, a little prevention can go a long way towards making sure of an enjoyable day.Know the dangerHeatrelated illnesses do
18、not require recordbreaking temperatures to occur. _2_ The bodys temperature can reach 106 or 107 degrees Fahrenheit on a 90degree day, creating a potentially deadly situation. Factors such as age, weight or a medical condition can influence people.Drink plenty of water_3_ Sweating is your bodys key
19、way to keep cool, so drink water to stay well hydrated(含水的) before you feel thirsty. A cool beer may sound perfect on a hot day, but drink responsibly. Alcohol stops the bodys cooling system and causes you to go to the bathroom frequently. _4_Wear lightcolored and loosely fitting clothing, so air ca
20、n go around your body and help keep you cool. A hat is a must to help you keep cool, since your head contains many blood vessels(血管), and sun block(防晒乳) is always a good idea.Take actionWhat should you do if you are suffering from the heat while watching your favorite event?Get up and go. It is a si
21、mple piece of advice, but could make the difference between a quick recovery and something more severe that requires medical attention. The ideal thing is to move yourself from the position youre in to an area that is a little cooler. _5_AWeatherrelated causesBDress for the occasion CIn hot weather,
22、 it is essential to stay hydrated.DYou may miss a little of the action, but it beats missing a lot.EIt is also important to take advantage of services the equipment provides. FBut when you add sun exposure to the crowds, the results can be deadly. GTemperatures between 80 and 90 degrees Fahrenheit c
23、an be dangerous.答案：1F根据Watching a sporting event with family and friends under the sun is a great experience in summer.天又热又在人多密集的地方是很容易致命的，故选F。2G根据Heatrelated illnesses do not require recordbreaking temperatures to occur.和The bodys temperature can reach 106 or 107 degrees Fahrenheit on a 90degree da
24、y, 这段的中心词就是温度故选G。3C根据Sweating is your bodys key way to keep cool, so drink water to stay well hydrated(含水的) before you feel thirsty.这段主要说人必须保持身体里有一定的水分，故选C。4B根据Wear lightcolored and loosely fitting clothing，这段主要说为了对付热的天气应该怎样穿衣，故选B。5E利用设备降温与前文去凉快的地方，都是重要的，故选E。.语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确
25、形式。【全国新课标卷题型】We often think of future. We often wonder_1_the world will be like a hundred years time. _2_(think) of space. Perhaps a permanent station on the moon will have been_3_(set up). Perhaps people will be able to visit the moon as_4_. Cheap rockets for space travel will have been developed，_
26、5_(permit) long journeys through the solar system. When that time comes, people will be taking holidays in space and visiting _6_planets. Great progress will have been made _7_medicine, too. Pollution will have been controlled in a hundred years time._8_the world will have been developedeven Antarct
27、ica. We will have used up most of the earths land to build our cities，_9_floating cities will have been built. The Japanese have already plans of this kind. And there will be cities_10_the sea.1_ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._6_ 7._ 8._ 9._ 10._答案：1what引导宾语从句表示样子。2Think本题考查祈使句，故使用动词原形。3set up本题考查被动语态。根据前面will have
28、 been可知填过去分词。故填set up。4tourists/visitors/travelers作为游客，故tourists或travelers或visitor都可。5permitting结果状语，permitting形式表自然性结果。6other其他的行星。7inin表示在方面。8All所有的all the world。9so/thus/therefore表示因此，故用so/thus/therefore都可。10under海底之城under the sea。【辽宁卷题型】Jonny: Hey! Im just practicing Tai Chi(太极). Would you like
29、to join me?Peter: I know nothing about it. Is it difficult?Jonny: It seems easy, but you need a lot of practice. You just follow me like this.Peter: OK. Dont laugh_1_me. I may look funny.Jonny: Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches, naturally and_2_(soft). Try to keep y
30、our body straight. Move slowly, then be sure to keep your balance and dont let your body shake.Peter: I cannot control my body well. My legs become_3_(pain)Jonny: Keep_4_(hold) your position for a while. It helps develop your strength and flexibility. Raise your leg and let_5_stay in the air for sec
31、onds.Peter: I feel my legs shaking. I cannot do this any longer.Jonny: Be patient! Tai Chi_6_(call) “shadow boxing” in English. It asks you to act like water: to be flexible as well_7_strong. In real competition, a Tai Chi master borrows the strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight b
32、ack. The_8_(hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit. He controls you!Peter: Unbelievable! Oh.，_9_you dont mind, Ill stop and take a deep_10_.1_ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._6_ 7._ 8._ 9._ 10._答案：1at考察固定搭配laugh at嘲笑；根据下面一句I may look funny也许我看上去很滑稽，所以先提醒对方不要嘲笑我。2softly本句应该使用副词softly与前面的naturally
33、一起作为状语修饰前面的动词。要很自然柔和地弯曲膝盖伸展胳膊。3painful本句横线前面是系动词become，说明横线上应该使用形容词构成系表结构，所以使用形容词painful。4holding固定搭配keep doing sth一直做某事；本句表示要一直维持住这个位置一段时间，会帮助发展你的力气和灵活性。5it这里的it就是指前面的raise your leg中的your leg。用it指代上文提及的同一事物。6is called本句是一个被动语态的形式。句义：在英语里，太极被称为”shadow boxing”。根据句义可知表示被动语态。7as本句是一个固定搭配as well as和，也；太极要求你像水一样行动，灵活也要强大；8harder本句是一个固定句式：the 比较级， the 比较级”越就越.”；你越来用力击打他，你越可能被击中，他能够控制你。因为对方会借力打力。9if句义：这真是难以相信，如果你不介意，我想停下了深呼吸一下。10breath Peter认为这样的事情是不可能的，所以他想深呼吸让自己平静下来。故使用take a deep breath深呼吸。
