1、联想词语单词联想1grateful adj.感激的；感谢的2available adj.可获得的3demand n要求；需要4volunteer n志愿者5offer vi.(主动)提出(愿意做某事)6contract n合同；契约7permanent adj.长久的；永久的；永恒的8essential adj.必不可少的；绝对重要的9sign vt.签字；签署signature n签字signal n信号10require vt.需要demand(v.&n同义词)需要requirement n需要11traditional adj.传统的tradition n传统12satisfying a
2、dj.令人满意的satisfied adj.感到满意的satisfy v使满意satisfaction n满意satisfactory adj.令人满意的13stressful adj.充满压力的；紧张的stress n压力14direct vt.指挥director n指导者，导演，指挥direction n指挥，指导，方向15freeze vi.冻住；冻僵freezer n冰箱freezing adj.极冷的frozen adj.结冰的；冻住的短语熟记1take.for_granted 以为理所当然2have an effect on 对产生影响3take up 站好位置以备4take n
3、otice of 注意到5in response to 作为的回应6in particular 尤其，特别，专门的7in theory在理论上8pass by经过9on average平均10in fact实际上句式重温1Every morning he climbs up to the bend with_a_large_circular_board_in_his_hand.每天早晨他手里拿着一个大圆板爬上弯道。2But often they just pass by,taking_the_human_traffic_signal_for_granted.但是大多数情况下，司机们开着车就过去
4、了，把人体交通标志看作是理所当然的事。3The drop is so_great_that anyone inside the vehicle is lucky to survive.悬崖落差是如此之大，以至于掉下去的车里任何一个能活着的人都是幸运的。4He was_driving a lorry load of bananas when he came off the road at a bend and fell three hundred meters down the mountain.他正开着一辆装满香蕉的卡车要驶过一个弯道，在那时他连人带车翻到了300米的山崖下。5And so e
5、very morning,week_in,_week_out from dawn to dusk,Timoteo takes_up_his_place on the bend and directs the traffic.可是每天早晨铁穆特欧都来到路的拐弯处，站好自己的位置，开始指挥来往车辆，从拂晓到黄昏，一周又一周。第一版块：融会单词1.require vt.需要；法规要求归纳拓展require sth.of sb.向某人要求某事 that sb.should do sth.要求某人做某事doing/to be done 需要做Ill do all that is required of
6、me.凡是要求我做的，我一定做到。You are required by law to wear seat belts.法律规定你要系安全带。As a result,they require much less cleaning than traditional materials.因此，与传统料子相比它们需要很少次数的清洗。完成句子(1)My mobile phone _/_ at once.我的手机需要马上修一下。(2)The teacher _ that all the students _ their homework before 5 pm.老师要求全体同学于下午5点前交上作业。re
7、quires mending/requires to be mendedrequired(should)hand in2demand n.需求；要求 vt.强烈要求(1)demand sth.要求某物demand sth.of/from sb.向某人要求某物demand to do 要求做demand that.要求(从句用虚拟语气，即should动词原形，should可省略)(2)be in(great)demand(迫切)需求meet/satisfy ones demands 满足某人的需求I demand that John(should)go there at once.我要求约翰马上
8、去那儿。The parents tried their best to meet/satisfy their childrens demands.父母亲努力满足孩子的需求。特别提示后不接不定式的复合结构。即境活用完成句子(1)These goods are _.这些货物销量很大。(2)He _ everything.他要求把一切都告诉他。(3)I _ that John _ there at once.我要求约翰立即到那里去。in good demanddemanded to be tolddemand(should)go3suffer vt.&vi.经历或遭受(不愉快之事)；受苦；吃苦头；变
9、坏；变糟The company suffered huge losses in the last financial crisis.这家公司在上次金融危机中损失惨重。I made a rash decision and now I am suffering from it.我作决定太仓促，现在可吃到苦头了。Her school work is suffering because of family problems.由于家庭问题，她的功课变糟了。【易混辨析】suffer与suffer fromsuffer用作及物动词时，表示“遭受，蒙受，受到”，其宾语一般是loss(损失)，pain(痛苦)，
10、punishment(处罚)，defeat(失败)，hardship(苦难)，injustice(不公正)，grief(悲伤)，disappointment(失望)，wrong(委屈)等。suffer from表示“为所苦，因而吃苦头”，还可表示“患病”。She suffered the loss of her students respect.她失去了学生对她的尊重。Our business has suffered from lack of investment.我们的企业因缺乏投资而受苦。Mrs.Whites little boy is suffering from a bad flu
11、again.怀特太太的小孩又患了严重的感冒。【易混辨析】理解下列区别suffer指遭受一般的损害、痛苦等，其宾语一般是loss,pain,insult,punishment,defeat,disappointment,discouragement,wrong等。suffer from指遭受长期的或习惯性的痛苦或困难。其宾语一般是表示疾病的名词(或者劳累/记忆力减退等)，表示“患病；受苦痛”；也可接表示自然灾害的词语。即境活用完成句子(1)He _ poverty all his life.他一生受贫穷之苦。(2)His company is _ a shortage of skilled st
12、aff,which makes it _ great losses.他的公司正缺乏技术职工，这使它损失很大。suffered fromsuffering fromsuffer4offer vt.提供；主动提出；报价The company has offered a high salary.这家公司提供高薪。Television began to offer some programmes from foreign countries.电视开始播出一些外国的节目。We offered him a lift,but he didnt accept.我们建议他搭我们的便车，但他没有接受。He off
13、ered to lend me his bike.他表示愿意把他的自行车借给我。归纳拓展1offer可用于offer sth.to sb.，offer sb.sth.，offer to do sth.等结构。2offer作名词用，表示“提议；提供；给予；出价；报价”，后面可接不定式或of介词短语。3两者均作offer的定语。4made an offer of主动提出；报价。He made an offer of help.他主动提供帮助。They made an offer of$3,000 for the car.他们出价三千美元买这辆小汽车。Thank you for your kind
14、offer to help.谢谢你愿意帮忙的好意。She offered me the job.(She offered the job to me.)她向我提供了这份工作。【易混辨析】理解下列区别并选词填空offer指主动提供。常构成“offer sb.sth.;offer sth.to/for sb.”结构。provide提供，供应，供给(有用的或必需的物品)。常构成固定结构“provide sth.for sb.;provide sb.with sth.”。supply供应，供给(所需要或所要求的物品)。常构成固定结构“supply sth.to sb.;supply sb.with s
15、th.”。即境活用选词填空offer provide supplySchools _ us with the knowledge we need,and families _ us food and clothes.Then what can we _ for society?provide/supplyofferprovide5apply vt.应用，运用；涂，搽 vi.申请，请求，使用apply oneself to.致力于，集中精力做apply(to sb.)for sth.(向)申请，请求apply to(to为介词)适用于；对有效apply.to.把应用于；将涂/贴在上apply o
16、nes mind to 致力于，专心于When Shaw lost his sight,his wife suggested he apply for a guide dog.当Shaw失明的时候，他妻子建议他使用一只导盲犬。Stephen would do very well if only he applied himself.只要专心致志，斯蒂芬会做得很好的。The questions on this part of the form only apply to married men.表格中这部分问题只适用于已婚男士。We applied our minds to finding a
17、solution to this problem.我们绞尽脑汁寻求解决这一问题的办法。即境活用完成句子(1)He _ learning French.他致力于学习法语。(2)I want to _ the job.我想申请这份工作。翻译短语(3)apply sth.to _(4)apply to _(5)apply oneself to _(6)apply for _applied himself toapply for把运用于关系到；适用于致力于；集中精力于申请；请求第二版块：贯通短语1take up 接受；拿起；开始；继续；占据Id like to take up your offer o
18、f a ride into town.我愿接受你的邀请，搭你的车进城。He took up the telephone receiver and began to dial.他拿起电话听筒开始拨号码。I put the telephone down and took up my work again.我放下电话继续干我的活儿。I wont take up much of your time.我不会占你很多时间。take away 减去；拿走take back 收回；使记起take in 吸收；包括；领会；欺骗take down 拆除；写下take off 脱下；起飞；匆匆离开；取消take o
19、n 呈现；雇用；承担；装载take out 带出去；除掉；毁掉take over 接收；接管；承袭take turns 轮流take it easy 别紧张take ones place就座；代替take care of照顾；处理take notice of 注意take charge of 承担；负责；掌管take pains 尽力；煞费苦心take part in 参加take place 发生；进行take the place of 代替take ones time 不急不忙；从容进行；慢慢来take.into account/consideration 考虑I will take ba
20、ck nothing of what I said.我不会收回我说的任何话的。He had nowhere to go,so I took him in.他无处可去，所以我收留了他。They are taking down the old building.他们正在拆毁旧建筑物。He is always ready to take on heavy responsibilities.他一向乐于挑重担。That may be OK,but we must take everything into account.这可能是不错的，但是我们必须全面考虑。即境活用翻译以下短语(1)take on _(
21、2)take out _(3)take over _(4)take off _(5)take in _(6)take down _呈现拿出接管脱掉；(飞机)起飞接纳；吸收；改小；欺骗拿下；记下2.take.for granted 认为理所当然He never praises his wife：he just takes her for granted.他从不夸妻子，只是觉得她一切理当如此。I take it for granted you have read this book.我认为你一定读过这本书。take sth.for granted 视某事为理所当然take it for grant
22、ed that.认为理所当然(it为形式宾语)take it easy轻松点take ones time慢慢来，不紧张即境活用句型转换(1)I think he will surely come to the meeting.I _that he will come to the meeting.(2)There is no doubt that he has known of the news.It _ that he has known of the news.take it for granted is taken for granted3.in response to 作为的回应归纳拓
23、展make/give no response to 对不作回应as a response toin response to 作为的回应回答respond to 对作出回应respond that.回应；回答说I am writing in response to your letter of June 12.我正在回复你六月十二日的来信。The film star made no response to the question asked by that reporter.这位电影明星没回答那个记者的问题。Clive responded to my suggestion with a lau
24、gh.克利夫对我提的建议报以一笑。即境活用完成句子(1)She opened the door _ the knock at the door.听到了敲门声，她打开了门。(2)Yi Jianlian _ the question that reporter asked.易建联对那个记者的问题未作出回答。in response tomade no response to第三版块：突破句式1.He was driving a lorry load of bananas when he came off the road at a bend and fell three hundred metres
25、 down the mountain.他正驾驶着满载香蕉的卡车，突然在一个拐弯处偏离车道坠落到山下300米处。when在本句中为并列连词，意为“就在那时”，相当于and then/and at that time/moment.He was doing his homework when the lights went out.就在他写作业时，灯灭了。when用作“就在那时”，常用于以下几种句型中：sb.was doing sth.when.某人正在干某事时，就在那时sb.was about to do sth.when.sb.was on the point of doing sth.whe
26、n.某人正要干某事时，就在那时sb.had(just)done sth.when.某人刚干完某事时，就在那时她刚要睡觉，就在那时门铃响了。He had just sent an e-mail to his pal on the Internet when his computer broke down.他刚给网友发了封电子邮件，就在那时电脑出故障了。We were on the point of giving up hope when a letter arrived.我们正要放弃希望，这时来了一封信。即境活用完成句子(1)We _ your telegram arrived.我正准备给你打电
27、话，这时你的电报来了。(2)I _ after a very hard day _ the phone rang.在劳累了一天之后，我刚上床睡觉，这时电话响了。were about to telephone you whenhad just gone to bedwhen2.Although there is not a lot of traffic,on average,one vehicle comes off the road every two weeks.尽管交通量不大，但平均每两周就有一辆车驶出公路。此处although引导让步状语从句。注意此类从句中主句不用but，但可用yet。
28、Although his business is small,(yet)he makes good bread.他的生意规模虽小，收入可观。Although she is young,she is very independent.虽然她很年轻，但是很有主见。特别提示 although，though，as均可引导让步状语从句。although引导的从句只能用正常语序。as或though从句一般放在主句之前，常用倒装语序。从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。注意比较下面的说法：Smart though/as she is，she doesnt study hard.Though she is smart，she doesnt study hard.Although she is smart，she doesnt study hardSmart although she is，she doesnt study hard.即境活用完成句子虽然他很年轻，但是他了解很多先进技术。Young _ he is,he knows a great deal about advanced technology.as
