1、高三年级第一学期第一次教学诊断考试试题 2018.10英语试题第一部分 听力第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）请听下面5段对话，选出最佳选项。1. Why does the man come here?A. To relax. B. To study. C. To borrow books.2. What happens to the speakers?A. They are lost. B. Their car is broken. C. They are running out of gas.3. What sport did the woman watch?A. Foot
2、ball. B. Tennis. C. Swimming.4. When will the woman leave for the airport tomorrow?A. At 5:30. B. At 6:30. C. At 7:30.5. What does the professor suggest the woman do?A. Hand in the final paper. B. Write another paper. C. Revise her paper.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）请听下面5段对话或独白，选出最佳选项。请听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6
3、. How does the man probably feel now?A. Impatient. B. Regretful. C. Confused.7. What is the man doing?A. Complaining. B. Comforting. C. Encouraging.请听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8. When does the conversation take place?A. In the morning. B. At noon. C. In the evening.9. What did the man attend?A. A party. B. A di
4、scussion. C. The opening ceremony.请听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10. What symptom does the woman have?A. She has a temperature. B. She feels exhausted. C. She sneezes a lot.11. Whats wrong with the woman according to the man?A. Shes got the flu. B. Shes had an allergy. C. Shes got a headache.12. What should the
5、woman do if her illness becomes serious?A. Drink more water. B. Take some medicine. C. Have a medical examination.请听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13. What is the woman going to do?A. Go sightseeing. B. Visit her parents. C. Work for a project.14. Where did the woman grow up?A. In Kentucky. B. In Los Angeles. C. I
6、n South Carolina.15. What does the woman think of living in Westchester?A. Convenient. B. Expensive. C. Quiet.16. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Friends. B. Neighbors. C. Strangers.请听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. What activity is arranged tomorrow morning?A. Visiting the art galler
7、y.B. Playing games in the garden.C. Learning about the history of the house.18. In what condition should guests inform the staff in advance?A. When they dont have breakfast.B. When they have breakfast after 8:30.C. When they want other kind of breakfast.19. What do we know about the garden?A. It was
8、 built in 1990.B. It is smaller than before.C. It is far away from the car park.20. What does the speaker say about the animals?A. They are rare. B. They may come close. C. They are kept by the speaker.第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AUK is becoming a popul
9、ar destination for people who wish to study abroad. However, Britain is quite an expensive place to study and live in. Tuition fees have now reached 9,250 a year and students also face some of the highest living costs in the world.Fortunately, there are a number of countries where universities offer
10、 degree programs entirely in English, along with the chance to learn the local language while you live there. Here are three of the options.Tianjin UniversityMoving to China is not for the faint hearted. Undergraduate degree courses at Tianjin last four years. Living costs are only around 400 a mont
11、h and tuition fees are 2,300 a year. Flights will cost 3,600 over the four years. The total cost, at 28,800, is still around half that of a three-year degree in Britain. Tianjin is one of the worlds latest cities and is only a half-hour train ride from Beijing. Three undergraduate programs are offer
12、ed in English: Chemical Engineering, Environment & Energy and Pharmaceutical Science.University of AmsterdamThe Dutch capital is not a cheap city to live in, but standard tuition fees of 1,800 a year make it significantly cheaper than a British degree. There are 14 bachelors degrees on offer that ar
13、e taught in English, including Political Science, Economics & Business Economics and Actuarial Science. Nearly all Dutch people speak English, making it an easy country to get by in.University of MilanThe University of Milans fees range from 140 to 3,650 a year. The one bachelors degree offered enti
14、rely in English-Political Science is a three-year course. While living costs in Milan are high, the significantly lower fees make it a cheaper option than a British university.1. What is probably the total cost of a three-year degree in Britain?A. 14,400 B. 27,750C. 28,800 D. 57,6002. Where can you
15、major in Political Science?A. London and Tianjin. B. Amsterdam and London.C. Amsterdam and Milan. D. Tianjin and Milan.3. What is the purpose of the text?A. To encourage people to study abroad.B. To introduce some affordable universities.C. To advertise some degree programs.D. To compare tuition fee
16、s and living costs.【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个学费和消费都比英国低的完全用英语授课且提供学位课程的几个大学。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的 The total cost, at 28,800, is still around half that of a three-year degree in Britain可知，在英国学习三年的花费是5760，故选D。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的There are 14 bachelors degrees on offer that are taught in English,
17、 including Political Science, Economics & Business Economics and Actuarial Science. 可知，University of Amsterdam 提供Political Science 这个专业，故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。第一段提到英国的留学费用是世界上最贵的，接着又提到了几个国家的相对比较便宜的大学，可推断出本文的目的是介绍几个学生们能负担得起的大学，故选B。BOn November 7, Lewis Pugh completed a one-kilometer swim in the freezing wat
18、ers of King Edward Cove, off South Georgia in Antarctica. He was wearing only his swimming glasses, cap and Speedos!Pugh is an advocate for our oceans and seas, working to protect these ecosystem with their large diversity of marine (海洋的) life. When asked why he doesnt wear a wetsuit, Lewis says, “I
19、 ask world leaders to do everything they can to protect our oceans. Sometimes the steps they need to take are difficult and unpopular. If Im asking them to be courageous, I must also be. Swimming in a wetsuit would not send the right message.”It took Pugh about 19 minutes to complete the one-kilomet
20、er swim in Antarctica where the water averaged about 1.6 degrees Celsius (摄氏度). He says that his body can only tolerate about 20 minutes in the freezing waters before it starts shutting down. As he swims, his body temperature steadily drops, which in turn causes his muscle (肌肉) control to drop, slow
21、ing him down. When he is done with his swim, his support team rushes him to a hot shower and it takes almost an hour for his body temperature to return to normal.Doctors and Pugh caution that one must receive months of training to swim in such cold waters. Even expert swimmers who are unused to free
22、zing water can drown within minutes because of the physical shock experienced by the body. Pugh says he trained for six months before this swim.This is not the first time that Lewis has swum in dangerous conditions. In 2007, he swam one kilometer in the North Pole to draw attention to the melting Ar
23、ctic ice due to climate change. In 2015, he swam in the Bay of Whales in Antarcticas Ross Sea as part of his successful campaign to help set up a marine reserve there.4. Why did Lewis Pugh swim without a wetsuit?A. To swim faster. B. To show his bravery.C. To build up his body. D. To win public atte
24、ntion.5. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. His body. B. The water.C. His body temperature. D. The water temperature.6. Whats Pughs advice about swimming in freezing waters?A. One must be fully prepared.B. One should be expert at swimming.C. One should be ready to take on
25、challenges.D. One must be used to long-distance swimming.7. What may be the best title for the text?A. Lewis Pugh: swimming for a causeB. How to survive a swim in cold watersC. How to prepare for extreme swimmingD. Lewis Pugh: achieving the impossible【答案】4. B 5. A 6. A 7. A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Lewis Pug
26、h 为了呼吁政府采取措施保护海洋而在极地海洋水温很低的情况下，不穿防寒泳衣游泳的勇敢事迹。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的I ask world leaders to do everything they can to protect our oceans. Sometimes the steps they need to take are difficult and unpopular. If Im asking them to be courageous, I must also be. Swimming in a wetsuit would not send the right me
27、ssage 可知，他不穿防寒泳衣的原因是展示他的勇敢，故选B。【5题详解】词义猜测题。此题要结合上下文语境，上文是他在冰水里游泳身体只能忍受20分钟，下文中提到他的游泳时体温在慢慢下降，肌肉控制力也在下降，可推测出此处的it指的是his body，故选A。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的Doctors and Pugh caution that one must receive months of training to swim in such cold waters.可知，一个人要想在冰冷的水里游泳必须得训练很长时间才可以，即要做足准备工作才行，故选A。【7题详解】主旨大意题。文章主要
28、是讲述的是Pugh 为保护海洋而在极寒的水里游泳，他用事实行动去展示他保护海洋的决心和勇气，由此可知A项是最佳标题。CMany leading AI researchers think that in a matter of decades, artificial intelligence will be able to do not merely some of our jobs, but all of our jobs, forever transforming life on Earth.The reason why many reject this as science fiction
29、 is that weve traditionally thought of intelligence as something mysterious that can only exist in biological organisms, especially humans. But such an idea is unscientific.From my point of view as a physicist and AI researcher, intelligence is simply a certain kind of information-processing perform
30、ed by elementary particles(基本粒子) moving around, and there is no law of physics that says one cant build machines more intelligent than us in all ways. This suggests that weve only seen the tip of the intelligence iceberg and that there is an amazing potential to unlock the full intelligence that is
31、potential in nature and use it to help humanity.If we get it right, the upside is huge. Since everything we love about civilization is the product of intelligence, amplifying (扩大) our own intelligence with AI has the potential to solve tomorrows toughest problems. For example, why risk our loved one
32、s dying in traffic accidents that self-driving cars could prevent or dying of cancers that AI might help us find cures for? Why not increase productivity through automation (自动化) and use AI to accelerate our research and development of affordable sustainable (可持续的) energy?Im optimistic that we can d
33、evelop rapidly with advanced AI as long as we win the race between the growing power of our technology and the knowledge with which we manage it. But this requires giving up our outdated concept of learning form mistakes. That helped us win the race with less powerful technology: We messed up with f
34、ire and then invented fire extinguishers (灭火器), and we messed up with cars and then invented seat belts. However, its an awful idea for more powerful technologies, such as nuclear weapons or superintelligent AI where even a single mistake is unacceptable and we need to get things right the first tim
35、e.8. How do many people feel about leading AI researchers predictions?A. Worried B. CuriousC. Doubtful D. Disappointed9. What does the author think of intelligence?A. We know little about it. B. It belongs to human beings.C. It is too difficult to understand. D. We have a good command of it.10. What
36、 does the underlined word “upside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Cost. B. Potential.C. Quantity. D. Advantage.11. Whats important for us in the race between people and technology?A. Learning from failure. B. Increasing our intelligence.C. Avoiding making mistakes. D. Making accurate predictions.【答
37、案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者是一个物理学家和人工智能研究者，他向我们阐述了我们对人工智能发展的误解及人工智能的优势。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第而段The reason why many reject this as science fiction is that weve traditionally thought of intelligence as something mysterious that can only exist in biological organisms, especially humans. But such an
38、idea is unscientific.人们拒绝将其视为科幻小说，可知，人们对人工智能的研究者们的预测是怀疑的，故选C。【9题详解】根据第三段的This suggests that weve only seen the tip of the intelligence iceberg and that there is an amazing potential to 可知，作者认为我们对人工智能的了解知识冰山一角，故选A。【10题详解】词义猜测题。根据下文提及的是人工智能的各种优点，可推测出upside意思是“优点”，故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的However, its a
39、n awful idea for more powerful technologies, such as nuclear weapons or superintelligent AI where even a single mistake is unacceptable and we need to get things right the first time. 可知，对于一些高科技我们一次错误也不能犯，第一次就要把它做对，由此可推断出，在人和科技的竞赛中，最重要的事情是犯错，故选C。DAir travel can be annoying. But research now suggests
40、 global warming could make it much worse. To get off the ground in really hot weather, planes may be forced to carry fewer passengers. That might mean a little more space, which would be good. However, it also would make the passengers pay more.Average air temperatures around the world are rising be
41、cause people are polluting the air with an increasing number of greenhouse gases, which, such as carbon dioxide, are a byproduct (副产品) of burning fuels. Those warmer temperatures can influence an airplanes ability to fly because air molecules (分子) spread out more as the air warms. This produces less
42、 lift under a planes wings, so a plane must be lighter to take off in hot weather than on cooler days.It can even prove too dangerous for some planes to attempt a take-off. A record of June heat wave in the American Southwest, for instance, caused flight cancellations in Phoenix, Ariz. One airlines
43、planes were cleared to operate only up to 47.8 degree Celsius. On June 20, Phoenix reached 48.3C!Radley Horton is a climate scientist at Columbia University. Two years ago, he and his graduate student Ethan David Coffel studied the impact of warming at four U.S. airports and found that warming of tr
44、ack could triple (使成三倍) the number of days when planes face weight restrictions. Later, they explored the impact of rising temperatures on live types of commercial planes flying out of 19 of the worlds busiest airports. In the coming decades, as many as one to three out of every 10 flights that take
45、 off during the hottest time of day could face weight. That would be equal to taking a dozen people off the plane, the researchers calculated.12. How would global warming affect air travel according to the first paragraph?A. Itll add to the danger of flying.B. Itll increase passengers travel cost.C.
46、 Itll make flying much more comfortable.D. Itll encourage more people lo travel by plane.13. What is the second paragraph actually intended to explain?A. How global warming is happening.B. What decides a planes ability to fly.C. Why global warming affects flying.D. Where greenhouse gases are created
47、.14. What is the last paragraph mainly about?A. Reasons for flight cancellation.B. The findings of a weight-related research.C. The tendency of temperature change.D. Effects of hot air on financial growth.15. What should be the best title for the text?A. Air Travel Isnt Recommended during Hot Weathe
48、rB. Rising Temperatures May Reduce the Number of FlightsC. Weight Restrictions Are More Common in More AirportsD. Hotter Air May Lead to Planes Carrying Fewer Passengers【答案】12. B 13. C 14. B 15. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了全球变暖可能会影响飞机的起飞，为了在真正炎热的天气下起飞，飞机可能不得不减少载客数量，这可能意味着有更多的空间，不过，这也会让乘客付出更多。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第一
49、段的最后一句话However, it also would make the passengers pay more. 可知，这会使乘客支付更多，故选B。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据本段的Those warmer temperatures can influence an airplanes ability to fly because air molecules (分子) spread out more as the air warms. This produces less lift under a planes wings 可推测出本段主要介绍了空气变暖怎样影响了飞机的升空，故选C。【
50、14题详解】主旨大意题。最后一段主要讲述科学家就世界上最繁忙的一些飞机场进行了研究，研究表明，在很热的天气里，飞机的体重收到了影响，故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。本篇文章主要介绍了飞机受气温的影响，温度过高时会使它承载的重量减少，也即装载的乘客会减少，故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, t
51、hey die within a month._16_One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. _17_ We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.Support is growing for a theo
52、ry that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons (神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day._18_Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right._19_ The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per ce
53、nt smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.If Tononis theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a nights, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information our brains may have smaller room for new exper
54、iences.Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. _20_ “You keep what matters,” Tononi says.A. We should also try to sleep well the night befor
55、e.B. Its as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.C. Thats why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.D. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.E. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with mem
56、ories.F. Tononis team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.G. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.【答案】16. D 17. C 18. G 19. F 20. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了睡觉对神经元的影响。【16题详解】考查细节理解。根据上一句的When lab rats are not allowed to
57、 sleep, they die within a month. 实验室的小老鼠若不让它睡觉，它不到一个月就死了，可知，D项“同样，人若几天不睡觉就会生病。”最切题。【17题详解】考查细节理解。结合上文提到睡眠帮助我们加强记忆，而C项中说“这就是为什么学生在学习之后有机会睡一觉的话，考试的成绩会更好。”由此可知，C项最切题。【18题详解】考查推理判断。结合上文，上文提及的是一个理论，选项G中的“Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.idea 朱莉奥是提出这个理论的人 ”正好呼应，故选G。【19题详解】考查推理判断。根据下文可知，老鼠在睡眠结束时，突触会变小
58、18%，表明睡眠时神经元会变弱，F项“托诺尼的团队测量了12只老鼠的大脑”与下文最呼应，故选F。【20题详解】细节理解。根据上文讲述神经元虽然会变弱，但有些神经元会保持不变，再结合下文说，你记住了最重要的事，由此可知，B项“大脑似乎会保护最重要的记忆”与上下文的衔接最好。第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。One day I overheard my mom talk about a family whose work schedules overla
59、pped (重叠), leaving no one to watch their two children. Upon hearing their _21_, I decided to help this _22_ out by babysitting (当临时保姆). I finally continued with it due to the _23_ I obtained. For example, on the first day, while we were playing outside, the neighborhood kids _24_ playing on the swin
60、gs. I _25_ came up with the solution of rock-paper-scissors: the kids who _26_ swung first. I _27_ I had the ability to change a negative situation into an enjoyable _28_ for the children. The two children _29_ me how creativity can come from the _30_ things, with imagination being the only tool nee
61、ded. We turned plates into masks and the backyard into a medieval (中世纪的) castle. They also taught me things cant always be _31_ and sometimes things can get messy but you can always clean a mess up. I _32_ more about myself each of the four times a week I spent at the household than I could have _33
62、_.I continued babysitting throughout my high school _34_ the bond Id formed with the children and the _35_ Id felt I was making in their family. It was _36_ to watch the kids _37_ and learn from things I was able to instill (灌输)in them. After the swing argument, whenever a _38_ needed a solution, th
63、e kids would do rock-paper-scissors. Ill never _39_ the lifetime skills I obtained from the experience that has _40_ me into the person I am today.21. A. vacation B. accident C. application D. situation22. A. relative B. family C. friend D. mother23. A. prizes B. surprises C. gifts D. lessons24. A.
64、focused on B. waited for C. argued over D. thought about25. A. quickly B. patiently C. casually D. hardly26. A. competed B. won C. tried D. stopped27. A. realized B. expected C. remembered D. agreed28. A. game B. holiday C. party D. trip29. A. shocked B. embarrassed C. convinced D. taught30. A. dull
65、est B. craziest C. simplest D. cheapest31. A. complex B. perfect C. obvious D. new32. A. wrote B. talked C. worried D. learned33. A. insisted B. afforded C. claimed D. imagined34. A. except for B. because of C. instead of D. as for35. A. demand B. fortune C. decision D. difference36. A. confusing B.
66、 rewarding C. challenging D. disappointing37. A. smile B. survive C. grow D. graduate38. A. conflict B. mystery C. subject D. trick39. A. doubt B. forget C. believe D. regret40. A. shaped B. fooled C. reasoned D. followed【答案】21. D 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. D 33.
67、 D 34. B 35. D 36. B 37. C 38. A 39. B 40. A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己帮别人照看孩子并从中学了很多的经历。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. vacation 假期； B. accident 事故； C. application 申请； D. situation 情况。句意：听到这种情况，我决定去帮忙。根据上文作者听到妈妈提到有个人的家的孩子没人照看可知，作者听到了他们的情况，故选D。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. relative 亲戚； B. family 家人； C. friend 朋友； D. mother 妈妈。结合上文
68、提到的family可知，我想去帮助这家人，故选B。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. prizes 奖励； B. surprises 吃惊； C. gifts 礼物； D. lessons 经验（教训）。根据下文提到作者学到了什么，可推测出此处是指我收获了一些东西，故选D。【24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。A. focused on 专注于； B. waited for 等候； C. argued over 争论； D. thought about 思考。结合下文作者想出来石头剪子布的办法，可知，孩子们是在争抢着玩荡秋千，故选C。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。A. quickly 很快； B
69、. patiently 耐心地； C. casually 随便地； D. hardly 几乎不。句意：我很快提出了用石头剪子布的办法来决定谁第一个荡秋千。结合上下文和句意可知，选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. competed 竞争； B. won 赢； C. tried 尝试； D. stopped 停止。结合上文可知，是谁赢了谁先玩，故选B。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. realized 意识到； B. expected 期待； C. remembered 记得； D. agreed 同意。结合上文作者轻而易举的解决了孩子们的争端可知，作者是意识到自己有 把消极的情况化为
70、孩子们喜欢的游戏的能力，故选A。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. game 游戏； B. holiday 假期； C. party 聚会； D. trip 旅行。结合上文语境，孩子们是在玩荡秋千，可知此处作者是想表达让孩子们游戏玩的愉快，故选A。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. shocked 使震惊； B. embarrassed 使尴尬 ； C. convinced 使信服； D. taught 教。根据上文他帮孩子们解决了问题，同时也学到了东西，可知此处是两个孩子教会了作者，故选D。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A. dullest 最迟炖的； B. craziest 最疯狂
71、的； C. simplest 最简单的； D. cheapest 最便宜的。结合上文作者是用剪刀石头布的方法从帮助孩子解决荡秋千的问题，可知，作者是想表达创造力是从简单的事情中产生的，故选C。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A. complex 复杂的； B. perfect 完美的； C. obvious 明显的； D. new 新的。结合上文，他们把院子弄的特别乱和下文要清理它们，可知，此句要表达他们也教会了我事情不是总是完美的，故选B。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. wrote 写； B. talked 谈话； C. worried 担忧； D. learned 学到。句意：我在
72、这一家的一周的四次里对自己的了解比我想象的要多。结合上下文可知，作者是对自己了解了更多，故选D。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. insisted 坚持； B. afforded 给予； C. claimed 声称； D. imagined 想象。结合上文语境和四个选项可知，作者从帮助孩子中学到了比他想象的要多的东西，故选D。【34题详解】考查介词短语辨析。A. except for 除了； B. because of 因为； C. instead of 代替； D. as for 至于。根据上文可知，在我的整个高中阶段，我继续照看孩子是因为我和孩子们建立了纽带，故选B。【35题详解】考查
73、名词词义辨析。A. demand 要求； B. fortune 命运； C. decision 决定； D. difference 不同。根据上文，我继续照看孩子是因为我和他们建立的纽带及下文中提到的作者对孩子们的影响，短语make a difference 产生影响，故选D。【36题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A. confusing 困惑的； B. rewarding 值得的； C. challenging 挑战的； D. disappointing 令人失望的。根据下文作者看到孩子们学了我给他们灌输的，可知作者是觉得值得的，故选B。【37题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. smile 微笑；
74、B. survive 幸存； C. grow 成长； D. graduate 毕业。结合上下文，此处应该是作者看到孩子们成长感到付出是值得的，故选C。【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. conflict 冲突； B. mystery 秘密； C. subject 科目； D. trick 诡计。上文中作者让他们用剪刀石头布来解决荡秋千的争端，因此应是指他们一遇到冲突就会采用这个办法，故选A。【39题详解】考查动词词义辨析。 A. doubt 怀疑； B. forget 忘记； C. believe 相信； D. regret 遗憾。结合上文和四个选项，此处要表达我永远不会忘记我从这次经历中所
75、获得的，故选B。【40题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. shaped 形成， B. fooled 愚弄； C. reasoned 原因； D. followed 跟随。结合本文作者所描述的经历可知，这些经历使我成了今天的我 ，故选A。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。China has always been famous for being a “State of Etiquettes (礼仪)”. According to _41_ (history) documents, as early as 2,600 ye
76、ars ago, this nation has already established a thorough set _42_ dining etiquettes. A famous 19th century Russian writer, Anton Chekhov, once invited a Chinese man _43_ (have) a drink in a bar. Chekhov said, “Before drinking from his cup, he held _44_ with his hands and presented to me and the bar o
77、wner and bar tenders, _45_ (say) “qing (please).” This is the custom of China. They are not like us to finish it in one drink, _46_ prefer to drink by taking a small amount at a time. With every sip (一小口), he _47_ (eat) some food. Afterwards he handed me some Chinese coins to show _48_ (grateful). T
78、his is a rather interestingly polite nationality. This was the most valuable opinion of a Chinese person _49_ was given by a foreigner two centuries ago. Chinese traditional dinner procedures used to be long and dealt seriously with. The _50_ (important) the occasion, the more complex the procedures
79、 were.【答案】41. historical 42. of 43. to have 44. it 45. saying 46. but 47. ate 48. gratitude 49. that 50. more important【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过俄国作家契诃夫与一位中国人在酒吧喝酒的故事来展示中国的餐桌礼仪。【41题详解】考查形容词。句意：根据历史文献记载，早在2600年前，中国就建立了一套完整的餐桌礼仪。此处用history修饰名词documents，要用其形容词形式，故填historical。【42题详解】考查固定短语。短语a set of一套的意思，a s
80、et of dining etiquettes一套餐桌礼仪，故填介词of。【43题详解】考查固定用法。句意：19世纪俄国著名作家契诃夫曾经邀请一位中国男子去酒吧喝酒。邀请某人做某事invite sb to do sth，故填to have。【44题详解】考查代词。根据上一句可知，在喝杯子里的酒之前，他举起它并向我、酒吧老板和调酒师致敬，此处要用代词it指代cup，故填it。【45题详解】考查非谓语动词。他举起杯子的同时“说”请，此处的say要做伴随状语，故用saying。【46题详解】考查连词。根据上一句“他们不像我们一口就喝完了”和下一句“更喜欢一次喝一点”可知，两句之间是转折关系，故填bu
81、t。【47题详解】考查时态。根据语境文章讲述的是过去的事情，他喝一小口酒，吃一点菜的eat要用过去式，故填ate。【48题详解】考查名词。句意：后来他递给了我一些中国硬币以表示他的感激。此处grateful是做show的宾语，要用名词作宾语，故填gratitude。【49题详解】考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，先行词是opinion，从句缺少主语，且先行词前用形容词的最高级修饰，只能用that引导，故填that。【50题详解】考查固定用法。固定结构The+形容词的比较级，the+形容词的比较级的含义是“越，越”，根据后半句的the more complex可知，此处填more important
82、。【点睛】形容词和副词是考点，无论是在语法填空还是在短文改错中都是很容易考到的内容，因此正确掌握运用和很好的辨析形容词和副词的用法区别尤为重要。在语法填空中形容词和副词常常互换。形容词主要修饰名词，常放在名词的前面做定语；副词常常修饰动词和形容词，也可以单独使用做状语修饰句子，修饰动词放在其后做，修饰形容词常放在其前，作状语。根据这些区别则可以判定出设空是用形容词还是副词。本篇语法填空的第一个空就考查了形容词，根据形容词的用法，再结合设空处在句式结构中的位置很快就能判断出要用形容词修饰名词作定语。第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）51.假
83、定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处；每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Dear Peter,Thank you so much for inviting me to take part in the winter camp organizing by your school in
84、the coming winter holiday. Quite interested, I am writing to learn about farther details.Above all, I wonder that it is convenient for you to inform me for the specific schedule in advance. Besides, this will be my first experience to participate such a activity. Would you be kind enough to offer an
85、y suggestions on whose items I specially need to take it with me?I am really excited and look forward to it. I would appreciate it if you could give me a reply at your earliest convenient.Yours,Li Hua【答案】第一句：organizing organiz(s)ed第二句：farther further第三句：that whether/if; for of第四句：participate后加in；a a
86、n第五句：whose what; 删掉it第六句：look looking第七句：convenient convenience【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文，作者写信想要了解更多的关于冬令营的情况。【详解】第一处：考查非谓语动词。句意：非常感激你邀请我参加你们学校组织的冬令营。此句中的organize与camp之间是被动关系，要用过去分词做后置定语，故将organizing改为organized。第二处：考查形容词。句意：我写信是想了解更多的细节。farther和further都是far的比较级，但farther常指距离上的更远，further既可指距离上的更远又可指更进一步，根据句意可知，此
87、处应是进一步，故将farther改为further。第三处：考查名词性从句。句意：首先，我想知道你是否愿意提前告诉我一些详细的日程安排。根据常识和逻辑推理可知，作者想知道，则表明不确定，要用“是否”的意思，此处动词wonder后是宾语从句，故将that改为whether/if。第四处：考查固定用法。inform sb of sth告诉某人某事，故将for改为of。第五处：考查介词。句意：此外，这是我第一次参加这样的活动。participate in是固定短语，参加的意思，故在participate后加in。第六处：考查冠词。可数名词activity是以元音开头，故将a改为an。第七处：考查名词
88、性从句。句意：你能否给我一些关于我尤其要带什么东西的建议吗？分析句式结构可知，这是一个宾语从句，从句中的take缺少宾语，要带什么东西，故将whose改为what。第八处：考查代词。本句是个复合句，由what引导的宾语从句，what要在句中充当一定的成分，做take的宾语，因此从句中的it是多余的，故将it去掉。第九处：考查时态。句意：我真的非常兴奋并期待着它的到来。结合语境，冬令营还没有开始，我应该是正期待着，因此要用现在进行时，故将look改为looking。第十处：考查名词。句意：如果你能在及方便的时候尽早回信我将不胜感激。固定短语：at ones conwenience在某人方便的时候
89、，故将convenient改为convenience。【点睛】动词的时态是英语高考试题的重头戏，是必考点，时态判断的关键在于正确认定行为动作发出的时间。因此，考生必须具备一定的分析、判断、推理能力，根据具体情境运用相应的时态。但也可以通过时间状语、固定居心等来做出正确的选择。本题中的第九处是考查动词的现在进行时，该句子没有给出时间状语，需要考生根据语境分析，冬令营还没有开始，故作者是正期待着，用现在进行时。第二节 书面表达（满分25分）52.假设你是李华，你的美国朋友Jonah得知你即将到美国旅游。他来信询问你是否方便带点中国特产给他，请你根据以下要点给他写一封回信。1. 表示愿意；2. 介绍
90、特产（茶叶、丝绸等）；3. 询问要求（种类、数量、预算等）。注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头和结尾已为你写好， 但不计入总词数。参考词汇：特产local special productsDear Jonah,Im glad to know you are interested in Chinese local special products, _Looking forward to meeting you in the USA.Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Jonah,Im glad to know you are interested
91、 in Chinese local special products, and Im pleased to help you buy some. Here are some tips.Our tea will be a good choice, for it is good for health, but I wonder whether you like green tea or black tea. Besides, various silk clothes are also popular with foreigners. Bowls, plates and cups made of c
92、hina are nice, too. Which do you prefer? If you like them, please tell me in detail. In addition, these items are of different prices. Would you like to tell me your budget on them as well as the amount you need? Please let me know what you would like to have and I will try my best to meet your requ
93、irements.Looking forward to meeting you in the USA.Yours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是提纲类作文。要求写一封回信。【详解】根据提示信息，假设你是李华，你的美国朋友Jonah得知你即将到美国旅游。他来信询问你是否方便带点中国特产给他，你要根据要点给他写一封回信。1.提示中要求你根据所给三个要点写一封回信，一定要注意文章应主要使用一般将来时；2.根据文章写作要求，文章正文可以分为三大段：第一段表达出你很乐意帮他带特产；第二段给他介绍一些中国的特产（适当发挥）；第三段询问细节，要什么，数量及预算。3.注意使用高级词汇和句式，为文章
94、增添色彩；注意使用连接词、衔接词，使文章自然、流畅。亮点说明本文内容完整，语言表述流畅。文章使用了几个高分句型1. Our tea will be a good choice, for it is good for health, but I wonder whether you like green tea or black tea. 本句由but连接的两个并列句，且后一句中又含有whether引导的宾语从句。2. Would you like to tell me your budget on them as well as the amount you need? 本句中的would l
95、ike to do是写作常用经典句式。 3. Please let me know what you would like to have and I will try my best to meet your requirements.本句中有what引导的宾语从句和and连接的并列句。 经典短语：is good for对有好处；be popular with 受的欢迎；in detail 详细的；try ones best to do尽某人所能做某事。这些句式和短语的恰当运用，不仅为文章增色，还展示了作者具有较高的语言运用能力和较高的写作水平【点睛】写作最基本的是语言基础，它是由词组句，由句成文，虽然写作历来是考生望而生畏的题，但掌握了一定方法，平时多加训练，把握好基本功，作文就不再是难题。写作要写好以下句型，就不失为一篇好文章：写好简单句（记住五种基本句型）；写好并列句（正确使用并列连词）；写好it句型（记住常用，常考的it的句型）；写好复合句（弄懂状语从句、定语从句和名词性从句）。平时练习写作时可以先从简到繁，先练习写句子，再成段，然后成文，平时写作基本上涵盖这几种句型就能完成一篇写作。本范文就很好的运用了这些句型，文中有whether和what引导的宾语从句 ，and连接的并列句。
