1、阅读理解中主旨大意题的解题技巧一、设题方式 The passage is mainly about .Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? Which of the following is the best title for the passage?What would be the best title for the passage? Whats the main theme of the passage?Whats mainly discussed in the p
2、assage? 二、干扰项特点1. 断章取义。干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。2. 以偏概全。干扰项常常以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要内容。3. 主题扩大。干扰项归纳、概括的范围过大。4. 张冠李戴。命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B上。三、解题指导解题时需要快速了解作者的写作方法，理清文章结构，找到主题句或主旨句。作者表现文章主旨的方式一般有下面几种：1. 正三角形写作法 主题出现在首句或者首段。开门见山提出主题，这是英语中最常见的写作方式。新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”、“导语”，实际上就是提出主题。大部分说明文也是如此。例1：2013年福建卷阅读理解E篇A ME
3、NTORING (导师制) program is giving life changing opportunities to Banbury youth. Young Inspirations was founded two years ago to provide mentoring sessions for students and unemployed young adults aged 11 to 21.Alex Goldberg, the programs founder, said: “We set up Young Inspirations because we wanted t
4、o give young people experiences which will potentially be life changing and broaden their outlook.”75.What would be the best title for the passage?A. Alex Goldberg, Founder of Young InspirationsB. Young People Find a World of OpportunityC. Kieran, Banbury School Pupil to ParisD. Debates Help Youth w
5、ith Their Grades解析：B。本文的第一句A MENTORING (导师制) program is giving life changing opportunities to Banbury youth便是全文的主题句，它点明了本文主要涉及的内容。由此可知，导师制为年轻人提供了改变生活的机会。例2：2013年重庆卷阅读理解C篇Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels, yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used
6、for. We do know, however, that they existed over 5,500 years ago in ancient Asia.67. What is the passage mainly about?A. The beginning of road design.B. The development of transport wheels.C. The history of public transport.D. The invention of fast-moving vehicles.解析：B。本文开门见山地提到wheel，点明了文章的主题。再综合后文的
7、内容可知，全文讲述了车轮的发展历程以及道路设计对车轮发展的影响。2. 倒三角形写作法主题句出现在文尾，即先表述事实细节或论据，然后在结尾点出主题或结论。例：2013年广东卷阅读理解B篇Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family, and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck. Im not going to say luck, talent, and circumst
8、ances dont come into play because they do. Some people are born into the right family while others are born with great intelligence, and thats just the reality of how life is.However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical. And, in addition to tha
9、t, in order to get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practising. To become great at certain things, itll require even more time, time that most people wont put in.Whatever you do, if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out, al
10、most to the point of addiction, and over a long period of time. If youre not willing to put in the time and work, dont expect to receive any rewards. Consistent, hard work wont guarantee you the level of success you may want, but it will guarantee that you will become really good at whatever it is y
11、ou put all that work into.35. What is the main theme of the passage?A. Having a goal is vital to success.B. Being good is different from being great.C. One cannot succeed without time and practice.D. Luck, talent and family help to achieve success.解析：C。由第二段开头的However可知，本文的主题论点不在第一段，而在后文。最后一段对全文进行了总结
12、，根据该段第一句if you want to become great at it, you need to work day in and day out, almost to the point of addiction, and over a long period of time可知，本文的主题思想是“人们不付出时间和练习是不可能取得成功的”。3. 菱形写作法比较常见的是问题答案型写作法，作者在一开始或某一段末以问句形式提出一个问题，然后给出该问题的答案(Type 1)。另外还有一种常见的写作方法，此类写作法常出现在现象解释型文章中，作者开始叙述某一现象，然后对该现象进行解释(Type
13、 2)。常用于Type 1的表达：why, result in, bring about, lead to, give rise to, trigger, cause, affect, have an effect on, sothat, so that等。常用于Type 2的表达：result from, because, since, now that, lie in, because of, owing to, thanks to, the reason for doing sth.等。例1：2013年天津卷阅读理解C篇Poet William Stafford once said th
14、at we are defined more by the detours (绕行路) in life than by the narrow road toward goals. I like this image. But it was quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words.Some road trips are by necessity fast and straight. But that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available
15、 to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour may uncover the best part of a journey and the best part of yourself. 50. What could be the best title for the passage?A. Charm of the DetourB. The Road to BraveryC. Creativity out of NecessityD. Road Trip and Country L
16、ife解析：A。本文一开头就引入话题“绕行”。作者这些年来为了贪图便捷快速一直走高速路，而这次因为照顾年幼的孩子而不得不选择乡间公路，这次经历让她和孩子们欣赏了大自然的美景，发现了绕行路的魅力。detour在本文中是一个出现频率极高的词汇。本文在第一段通过诗人的话就引出detour，文中又多次被提及，作者在文章的最后一句点明了主题，即绕行路充满了魅力。例2：2013年广东卷阅读理解D篇While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor (监控器) a few hundred
17、 miles away was watching her every move.In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures a
18、gainst cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid that students havent just searched the Internet to get the right answers.Although online classes have existed for more than a decade, the concern over cheating has become sharper in the last year wit
19、h the growth of “open online courses.” Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students, while also taking steps to help guarantee honesty at a distance.45. Which of the following is the bes
20、t title of this passage?A. The Advantages of Online ExamsB. The High-tech Methods in Online CoursesC. The Fight against Cheating in Online EducationD. The War against the Booming of Online Education解析：C。本文先通过一个具体的事例引出要讨论的话题，文中的In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to enc
21、ourage honesty in the booming field of online education和the concern over cheating has become sharper in the last year with the growth of “open online courses.”等句点明了本文的主旨内容。【跟踪训练】Doctors are known to be terrible pilots. They dont listen because they already know it all. I was lucky: I became a pilot
22、in 1970, almost ten years before I graduated from medical school. I didnt realize then, but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon. I loved flying. As I flew bigger, faster planes, and in worse weather, I learned about crew resource management (机组资源管理), or CRM, a new idea to make flying safer. I
23、t means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result, regardless of positions.I first read about CRM in 1980. Not long after that, an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather. The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready. The attending doctor was flying; I
24、was safety pilot. He was so busy because of the bad turn, he had forgotten to put the landing gear (起落架) down. He was a better pilot and my boss so it felt unusual to speak up. But I had to: Our lives were in danger. I put aside my uneasiness and said, “We need to put the landing gear down now!” Tha
25、t was my first real lesson in the power of CRM, and Ive used it in the operating room ever since.CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up. It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite, the doctor doesnt overreact, which might prevent fellow doctors from voicin
26、g opinions again. So when Im in the operating room, I ask for ideas and help from others. Sometimes theyre not willing to speak up. But I hope that if I continue to encourage them, someday someone will keep me from “landing gear up”. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. CRM:
27、A New Way to Make Flying SafeB. Flying Makes Me a Better DoctorC. The Making of a Good PilotD. A Pilot-Turned DoctorListening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is the rule known as bracketing. Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or
28、setting aside of your own prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone elses world from the inside, stepping into his or her shoes. Moreover, since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary acceptance of the other person. Sensing this acceptance, the speake
29、r will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. True communication is under way. The energy required for listening well is so great that it can be accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth. What is mainly discussed in the passage?A. How to listen well.B. What to listen to.C. Benefits of listening.D. Problems in listening. 参考答案及解析：B。本文作者采用了倒叙。第一段叙述故事的结果，从而引出下文的故事。而第一段中的becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon是文章的中心句。A。本段第一句Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else为关键句，阐明了文章的中心思想，即：真正的聆听要求专注于说话者。
