1、学案 3 Grammar and UsageI. Teaching Aims:1. Learn that modal verbs can be used to talk about ability, obligation, certainty or permission, to make requests, suggestions, offers and to give advice.2. Enable students to learn that some modal verbs can be used with the continuous form and the perfect for
2、m to talk about current affairs or past actions.II. Teaching Important Points:1. Develop the students ability of using modal verbs.2. How to make students master the usage of modal verbs.III. Teaching Methods:Explanation and exerciseIV. Teaching Procedures:Step1 Warming upSay some sentences to warm
3、up students: (1) Can you drive ? (2) You must work hard ,or you have to live a hard life.Step2 Lead in Let students say sentences including modal verbs as many as possible.Step3 Activities: (1) Introduce modal verbs with the following: - Now, many of us can speak English quite well, but a few years
4、ago, we couldnt. If we talk about the ability someone has now , we use “can”. If we talk about the ability someone had in the past, we usually use “could”.(2) Ask students: If we talk about the ability in the future, what modal verbs do we use ?( will, shall, be able to )(3) Ask students to make sen
5、tences using these words to talk about ability. (4) Talk about obligation of the modal verbs “should, ought to, have to, must ”.Step4 Write the following sentence on the blackboard : (1) I might/may/could/should/ought to/will/must watch the TV programme tonight.- Explain the usage of these modal ver
6、bs, showing more examples on the screen.Step5 Explain the usage of permission of the modal verbs “Can, could, might” - Show the examples.Step6. Ask students to read Part 1 on page 28 to find out how modal verbs are used to talk about ability, obligation, certainty and permission, showing more exampl
7、es to the students and explaining the usage to the students.(i) Ability- can/could例句：1) He _ run the 100m sprint in 11 seconds.2) _ the girl read before she goes to school?(ii) Obligation- ought to/should have to/mustought to/should1. 表示义务，“应该”，用于各种人称例句：(1) You_ be polite to your teacher.(2) You_ sp
8、end so much time playing computer games.2.表示推测，“想必，估计”的意思例句：If they start today, they _ arrive there in two days.3.表示与想象的不一样”照说应该”例句：I wonder where Mary is she _ be here now.4.在某些从句中，表示虚拟语气例句：(1) He suggested that I (_) go to shanghai tomorrow.(2) He demanded that we (_) solve the problem at once.5.
9、表示惊讶，忧虑，惋惜等感情色彩例句：I am surprised he should eat so little every day.have to/musthave to 表示客观需求must 表示主观愿望例句：(1) Everyone _ go to school at the age of 7 in the country.(2)We _wok hard to make our country strong and rich.(iii) Certainty might/may/could/should/ought to/will /must 例句：(1) She might win a
10、medal at the Olympics.(2)She may be at home now.(3) She could read and write at the age of 4.(4) She should come to join us.(5) She ought to/will /must help me whenever I am in trouble. (iv) Permission - can /could/may/might 例句：(1) A : Can I watch the Olympics ?B: Yes, you can.? /No, you cant.(2) A:
11、 May I have a look at you photo?B: Yes, you can./ No, you mustnt./No, youd better not.Could比can 更委婉，might比may 更委婉Step 7 Ask students to read Part 2 about the modal verbs of making requests, suggestions or offers, and give advice and read some examples.Step 8 Additional points: 1. 情态动词表示推测的用法-情态动词mus
12、t, can, could, may, might都可用来表示推测.(1) must所表示的可能性最大，最有把握，意为“一定”。(2) can和could主要用于否定句和疑问句中 , cant或couldnt 表示“不可能”(3) may 和 might表示现在或将来可能发生的动作或情况，主要用于肯定句中，might相对于may 来说，表示的可能性更小一些。2. 表推测的重要句型：(1) 表示对现在或将来情况的推测、判断用“must + do ”(2) 表示对过去的情况或已经发生的事情进行推测、判断用“must + have +done”(3) 表示对现在正在进行情况进行推测、判断用“must
13、 + be +doing ”Step 9 其它情态动词的用法(I) need and dare作为情态动词时，两个词常用于疑问句和否定句；用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式1. 情态动词时：例句：(1) -Need I help you? -Yes, please.(2) You neednt telephone him now.(3) How dare you talk to the teacher like that?(4) The girl dare not go out alone at night2. 用作实义动词时:(1) We need to tell him the news.Ne
14、ed (2) You dont need to tell him the news.(3) Do the flowers need watering?(4) I didnt dare to tell you the truth.Dare (5) Would you dare to catch the snake with your hand?(6) The boy dares to do anything he likes. (II) shall1. shall用于第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。例句: (1) Shall we begin our class?（征
15、求意见）(2) When shall Mike be able to leave hospital?(请示)2. shall用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令，警告，允诺，决心或威胁。例句: (1) You shall go with me.(命令)(2) You shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)(3) He shall be punished.(威胁)3. 用于条约，规定，规章等文件中，表示一种义务，多用于第三人称中。例句: “The interest _be divided into five parts, according
16、 to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge.(III) will1. will表示请求，建议等，不如would委婉例句: (1) Will /Would you pass me the book?(2) Will you please close the window?2. will 表示意志，愿望，决心 例句: (1) I will never do that again.(2) I will give up smoking.3. will 表示习惯性动作例句: The couple will have a walk a
17、fter supper every day.4. 常用于否定句中，表示拒绝工作。例句: The door wont open. 这门打不开。 （IV）used to 和would的区别1. 都可以表示过去重复的习惯，used to 含有“过去怎样而现在却不这样了”的意思；而would则单纯表示过去的习惯性动作，常和often, everyday等连用。例句: He would take a walk near the forest in the evening. （现在可能散步也可能不散步了）He used to take a walk near the forest in the eveni
18、ng. （而现在不散步了）2. 不可用would的情况：例句: (1) She isnt what she used to be. 她跟过去不一样了。 （表示对比，不可用would）(2) There used to be a park. 以前这里有一个公园。(表示过去的状态，只能用used to，不可用would) （V）情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法 1. should/ought to +have done表示 “本应当做某事，而实际上并没有做”；shouldnt/oughtnt to+ have done表示 “本来不应当做，而实际上却做了”。2. might +have done表示 “本来可以干某事却没有干”, 或表示对已发生的事的猜测。could +have done 表示“本来能够做某事，但实际上没有做”，或表示对已发生的事的猜测。 neednt +have done 表示 “本来没必要做某事，实际上却做了”。.高考资源网w。w-w*k&s%5￥u高考资源网w。w-w*k&s%5￥u
