1、20年上海市高考押题卷英语学科（满分150分，考试时间100分钟）I. Listening Comprehension(略)II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分)Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of
2、the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Trump says hell leave if Biden is certifiedWASHINGTON President Trump said Thursday that he will leave the White House if the electoral college formalizes President-elect Joe Bidens victory even as he insisted such a decisi
3、on would be a “mistake” as he spent his Thanksgiving renewing baseless claims that “massive fraud” and crooked officials in battleground states caused his election defeat.“Certainly I will. But you know that,” Trump said when _1_ (ask) whether he would vacate the building, allowing a peaceful transi
4、tion of power in January. But Trump taking questions Thursday for the first time since election day _2_ (insist) that “a lot of things” would happen between now and then that might alter the results. The fact that a sittingAmerican president even had to address whether or not he would leave office a
5、fter losing reelection underscores the extent _3_ Trump has smashed one convention after another over the last three weeks._4_ there is no evidence of the kind of considerable fraud Trump has been alleging that would affect the outcome, he and his legal team have nonetheless been working to cast dou
6、bt on the integrity of the election and trying to overturn voters will in _5_ unprecedented breach of democratic norms.Trump spoke to reporters in the White Houses ornate Diplomatic Reception Room after holding a teleconference with U.S. military leaders stationed _6_ the globe. He thanked them for
7、their service and jokingly warned them _7_ (not eat) too much turkey, then turned to the election after _8_ (end) the call. He repeated grievances and angrily denounced officials in Georgia and Pennsylvania, two key swing states that helped give Biden the win.Trump claimed, despite the results, _9_
8、this may not be his last Thanksgiving at the White House. And he insisted that there had been “massive fraud,” _10_ state officials and international observers have said no such evidence exists and Trumps campaign has repeatedly failed in court.【答案】1. asked 2. insisted 3. to which 4. While 5. an 6.
9、around 7. not to eat 8. ending 9. that 10. even though【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲的是特朗普总统周四表示，如果当选总统乔拜登(Joe Biden)的选举团正式成立，他将离开白宫。【1题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：“当然我会的。但你知道的” 特朗普在被问及是否会搬离大楼，以便在明年1月和平移交权力时表示。分析句子结构可知，句中said为谓语，空格处用非谓语形式，Trump和ask之间为被动关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，在句中作状语，另外，此处也可理解为是when he was asked的省略，当时间状语从句中的主语和主
10、句主语一致，且从句中有be动词时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词，即省略了he was，故填asked。【2题详解】考查动词时态。句意：但特朗普星期四自选举日以来首次回答问题时坚称，在这期间会发生“很多事情”，可能会改变选举结果。通篇时态为一般过去时，本句也应为一般过去时，故填insisted。3题详解】考查“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。句意：美国现任总统在连任失败后，甚至还必须讨论他是否会离任，这一事实突显了特朗普在过去三周内破坏了一个又一个大会的程度。分析句子结构可知，the extent后为定语从句，to the extent为固定短语，意为“到的程度”， extent为物，因此空格处
11、为to which，故填to which。【4题详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然没有证据表明特朗普一直声称存在影响选举结果的严重欺诈行为，他和他的律师团队已经不过正在努力质疑选举的完整性并试图推翻选民将以前所未有的违反民主规范。 根据语境可知，本句意为“虽然没有证据表明特朗普一直声称存在影响选举结果的严重欺诈行为， 他和他的律师团队已经不过正在努力质疑选举的完整性并试图推翻选民将以前所未有的违反民主规范”，因此空格处为“虽然，尽管”，即while，位于句首，首字母大写，故填While。【5题详解】考查冠词。 句意：虽然没有证据表明特朗普一直声称存在影响选举结果的严重欺诈行为， 他和他的律师团
12、队已经不过正在努力质疑选举的完整性并试图推翻选民将以前所未有的违反民主规范。breach意为“违反”， 句中用的单数，且表示泛指，因此前面需加不定冠词，unprecedented为元音音素开头，因此前面用不定冠词an，故填an。【6题详解】考查介词。句意：川普在白宫华丽的外交接待室与驻世界各地的美军领导人举行电话会议后对记者发表了讲话。根据holding a teleconference with U.S. military leaders stationed _6_ the globe可知，川普在白宫华丽的外交接待室与驻世界各地的美军领导人举行电话会议后对记者发表了讲话，_6_ the gl
13、obe意为“世界各地”，为around the globe， 故填around。【7题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他感谢他们的服务，并开玩笑地警告他们不要吃太多火鸡，然后在结束通话后转向了选举。warn sb. not to do sth.为固定短语，意为“警告某人不做某事”， 因此空格处为不定式的否定结构not to eat，故填not to eat。【8题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他感谢他们的服务，并开玩笑地警告他们不要吃太多火鸡，然后在结束通话后转向了选举。after为介词，其后跟动名词作宾语，因此空格处为动名词ending，故填ending。【9题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：特朗普称，
14、尽管有这样的结果，但这可能不是他最后一次在白宫过感恩节。分析句子结构可知，_9_ this may not be his last Thanksgiving at the White House为宾语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，且句子意思完整，因此空格处用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导，故填that。【10题详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：他坚称存在“大规模欺诈”， 尽管州官员和国际观察员表示不存在这样的证据，特朗普的竞选多次在法庭上失败。根据语境可知，句意为“他坚称存在“大规模欺诈”， 尽管州官员和国际观察员表示不存在这样的证据”，因此空格处为“尽管”， 为even though，用来引导
15、让步状语从句，故填even though。Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.climate B.evolving C.announcement D.filed E.depending F.cutsG.drafted H.terminated I. critical J. specified K. all
16、owDisney plans to lay off 4,000 more workersThe Walt Disney Co. announced plans to lay off 4,000 more workers in its theme parks division in California and Florida because of the pandemics effect on the industry.The _11_ by the company was made in a U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission filing ear
17、lier this week, saying 32,000 employees will be _12_ in the first half of fiscal year 20, which began last month. In late September, Disney had already announced plans to terminate 28,000 theme park workers.In the SEC document _13_ on the eve of Thanksgiving Day, the company said it also put 37,000
18、employees not scheduled for termination on furlough(休假) as a result of the pandemic.“Due to the current _14_, including COVID-19 impacts, and _15_ environment in which we are operating, the company has generated efficiency in its staffing, including limiting hiring to _16_ business roles, furloughs
19、and reductions-in-force,” the document said. The company also said it may make more _17_ in spending such as reducing film and television content investments and additional furloughs and layoffs.In Florida, the company has been limiting attendance at its parks and changing protocols(计划)to _18_ for s
20、ocial distancing by limiting characters meet-and-greets.The company has not _19_ the number of workers who would be affected in its Orlando theme parks. Disneys parks closed in March as the pandemic started spreading in the United States. The Florida parks reopened in the summer, but the California
21、parks have yet to reopen _20_ on state and local government approvals.【答案】11. C 12. H 13. D 14. A 15. B 16. I 17. F 18. K 19. J 20. E【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是由于疫情对行业的影响，华特迪士尼公司(Walt Disney Co.)宣布计划在加州和佛罗里达州的主题公园部门再裁员4000人。【11题详解】考查名词。句意：该公司在本周早些时候提交给美国证券交易委员会(Securities and Exchange Commission)的一份通告中宣
22、布，将在从上月开始的20财年上半年解雇3.2万名员工。根据后面的“saying 32,000 employees will be _2_ in the first half of fiscal year 20”可知，该公司的一份通告中宣布，将在从上月开始的20财年上半年解雇3.2万名员工，因此空格处为名词“通告”，即announcement，此处指一份文件，因此用单数，故选C项。【12题详解】考查动词。句意：该公司在本周早些时候提交给美国证券交易委员会(Securities and Exchange Commission)的一份文件中宣布，将在从上月开始的20财年上半年解雇3.2万名员工。由后
23、文的“In late September, Disney had already announced plans to terminate 28,000 theme park workers”（9月底，迪士尼已经宣布计划解雇2.8万名主题公园工作人员）可知，解雇3.2万名员工”，因此空格处为“解雇”，即terminate，与前面的will be构成一般将来时的被动语态，应用过去分词。故选H项。【13题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在感恩节前夕提交给美国证券交易委员会的文件中，该公司表示，由于疫情，该公司还对3.7万名未被解雇的员工实行了休假。结合句意可知，指文件“提交”应用动词file，文件是被
24、提交，因此空格处为过去分词作后置定语，即filed。故选D项。【14题详解】考查名词。句意：该文件称:“由于当前的环境，包括COVID-19的影响，以及我们正在变化的经营环境，公司在人员配备方面提高了效率，包括限制招聘关键业务岗位、强制休假和有效裁员。”根据“including COVID-19 impacts, and _5_ environment”可知，此处是说“由于当前环境”的影响，表达环境用名词 climate，是不可数名词， 故选A项。【15题详解】考查形容词。句意：该文件称:“由于当前的环境，包括COVID-19的影响，以及我们正在变化的经营环境，公司在人员配备方面提高了效率，包
25、括限制招聘关键业务岗位、强制休假和有效裁员。”根据“ in which we are operating, the company has generated efficiency in its staffing”可知，经营环境正在发生变化，因此空格处为“正在变化的”，即evolving，作定语，修饰environment，故选B项。【16题详解】考查形容词。句意：该文件称:“由于当前的环境，包括COVID-19的影响，以及我们正在变化的经营环境，公司在人员配备方面提高了效率，包括限制招聘关键业务岗位、强制休假和有效裁员。”分析句子可知，空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词business role
26、s，根据语境可知，此处指“包括限制招聘关键业务岗位”，因此空格处用“关键的”，即critical，故选I项。【17题详解】考查名词。句意：该公司还表示，可能会进一步削减支出，比如减少电影和电视内容的投资，以及额外的休假和裁员。more后需跟名词，根据后面的“reducing film and television content investments and additional furloughs and layoffs（减少电影和电视内容的投资，以及额外的休假和裁员）”可知，此处指“进一步削减支出”，因此空格处为“削减”，即cut，可数名词，结合语境可知用其复数形式。 故选F项。【18题
27、详解】考查动词。句意：在佛罗里达州，该公司一直在限制公园的游客数量，并通过限制角色的见面和问候来改变协议，以保持社交距离。根据“the company has been limiting attendance at its parks and changing protocols”及“for social distancing by limiting characters meet-and-greets”可知，句子意为“该公司一直在限制公园的游客数量，并通过限制角色的见面和问候来改变协议，以保持社交距离”，因此空格处用allow，allow for意为“允许”，此处用不定式表目的，故选K项。【
28、19题详解】考查动词。句意：该公司尚未具体说明奥兰多主题公园将受到影响的员工人数。由后面的the number of workers可知，公司是尚未具体说明奥兰多主题公园将受到影响的员工人数，因此空格处为“详细说明”，通篇时态为一般过去时，因此空格处为过去式，“详细说明”的过去式为specified，故选J项。【20题详解】考查动词。句意：佛罗里达的公园在夏天重新开放，但加州的公园还没有重新开放，取决于州和地方政府的批准。由to reopen _10_ on state and local government approvals.可知，此处是说“加州的公园还没有重新开放，取决于州和地方政府的
29、批准”， “取决于”为固定短语depend on，空格处用现在分词作状语，表主动，即depending，故选E项。III. Reading Comprehension (45%)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Country diary: a chainsaw m
30、assacre in the alder woodsOn an overcast, drizzly afternoon at Durham Wildlife Trusts low Barns nature _ alder provided the brightest splash of color in the _22_A tree had been felled and sawn into _23_. Chainsaw wounds on this species can look like a massacre, because soon after the timber is cut,
31、it turns a lurid shade of red, almost like blood, in stark contrast to the battleship-grey bark, _24_ those wounds, which briefly _25_ raw meat, fade to orange and finally to chestnut brown.When this reserve was established half a century ago, around old gravel pits (采沙场), some moisture-loving alder
32、s were planted to help _26_ a bare, windswept site. Alder wood is one of the finest sources of charcoal, and the plantation trees are old enough now to be coppiced, to produce barbecue fuel.There is also an important natural alder wood here, created by a cataclysm almost two and a half centuries ago
33、, which led to the designation of the reserve as a site of special scientific interest.The Great Flood of 1771 _27_ Weardale, washing away bridges all the way to the coast. When the water subsided, the course of the River Wear had _28_ half a mile south, and the old riverbed became what is now the r
34、eserves Long Alder Wood, the finest example of its kind in the region.When it sometimes floods, this tangle of gnarled（苍劲嶙峋的） trees has a _29_ of the Florida Everglades（佛罗里达大沼泽） about it, with mossy, fallen trunks sinking back into the ooze (淤泥). Year round, there are wonderful _30_ to watch birds f
35、rom an embankment level with the tree canopy. This afternoon an acrobatic flock of about 30 goldfinches（金翅雀）_31_ and chattered through the twigs, feeding on tiny seeds that fall from the woody cones.Sadly, since the mid-1990s, another_32_ has befallen this locally _33_ woodland: alder dieback diseas
36、e has killed around half the mature trees. Coppicing is leading to some regeneration, though in this precious _34_ dead timber is allowed to lay where it falls, reserved for the needs of a _35_ community of fungi, invertebrates and woodpeckers, rather than back-garden burger-flippers on summer eveni
37、ngs. A. reserveB. preserveC. conserveD. deserve22. A. sceneB. viewC. scopeD. landscape23. A. logsB. materialsC. resourcesD. sources24. A. EverlastinglyB. EventuallyC. ContinuallyD. Sustainably25. A. assembleB. presentC. overcastD. resemble26. A. rejuvenateB. revengeC. reformD. remain27. A. gone thro
38、ughB. got throughC. swept throughD. cut through28. A. changedB. shiftedC. reversedD. revised29. A. clueB. plotC. evidenceD. hint30. A. opportunitiesB. possibilitiesC. alternativesD. probabilities31. A. schemedB. crawledC. bouncedD. scattered32. A. misfortuneB. catastropheC. setbackD. adversity33. A.
39、 uniqueB. peculiarC. especialD. particular34. A. frontierB. territoryC. habitatD. boundary35. A. variousB. versatileC. multipleD. diverse【答案】. A 22. D 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是达勒姆野生动物信托基金会的低谷仓自然保护区，桤木为景观提供了最明亮的色彩，为那儿的生态做出了巨大的贡
40、献。【题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一个阴雨绵绵的下午，达勒姆野生动物信托基金会的低谷仓自然保护区，桤木为景观提供了最明亮的色彩。A. reserve保护区；B. preserve保护；C. conserve保存；D. deserve值得。根据“at Durham Wildlife Trusts low Barns nature”可知，此处是说“在达勒姆野生动物信托基金会的低谷仓自然保护区”，因此空格处为“保护区”， 故选A项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一个阴雨绵绵的下午，达勒姆野生动物信托基金会的低谷仓自然保护区，桤木为景观提供了最明亮的色彩。A. scene场景；B. v
41、iew风景；C. scope范围；D. landscape景观。根据“alder provided the brightest splash of color in the”可知，桤木是为那儿的整个景观提供了最明亮的色彩，因此空格处为“景观”，故选D项。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一棵树被砍倒，锯成了圆木。A. logs圆木；B. materials材料；C. resources资源；D. sources来源。根据“A tree had been felled and sawn into”可知，树被砍倒后是被锯成了圆木，故选A项。【24题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，这些伤口，
42、短暂地看起来像生肉，逐渐变成橙色，最后变成栗色。A. Everlastingly永久地；B. Eventually最终；C. Continually不断地；D. Sustainably可持续地。根据those wounds, which briefly _ raw meat, fade to orange and finally to chestnut brown可知，最终，这些伤口，短暂地看起来像生肉，逐渐变成橙色，最后变成栗色，因此空格处为“最终”， 故选B项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终，这些伤口，短暂地看起来像生肉，逐渐变成橙色，最后变成栗色。A. assemble组装；
43、B. present呈现；C. overcast使沮丧；D. resemble类似，像。根据those wounds, raw meat可知，伤口是看起来像生肉，因此空格处用“类似，像”， 故选D项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当这个保护区在半个世纪前建立时，在古老的砾石坑周围种植了一些喜湿的桤木，以帮助弥补这片被风吹过的光秃秃的地方。A. rejuvenate使年轻； B. revenge复仇；C. reform改革；D. remain仍然。根据“some moisture-loving alders were planted to help _6_ a bare, windswe
44、pt site”可知，在古老的砾石坑周围种植了一些喜湿的桤木，以帮助弥补这片被风吹过的光秃秃的地方，空格处可用revenge，意为“报复”， 在原文中意为对那片光秃秃的地方的报复， 故选B项。【27题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：1771年的大洪水席卷了威代尔，冲走了一直延伸到海岸的桥梁。A. gone through经历；B. got through通过；C. swept through席卷；D. cut through抄近路走过。根据“washing away bridges all the way to the coast. ”可知，洪水是席卷威代尔，故选C项。【28题详解】考查动词
45、词义辨析。句意：当水位下降时，威尔河的河道向南移动了半英里，古老的河床变成了现在保护区的长桤木林，这是该地区同类中最好的例子。A. changed改变；B. shifted转移；C. reversed颠倒；D. revised修改。 根据“half a mile south, and the old riverbed became what is now the reserves Long Alder Wood”可知，威尔河的河道向南移动了半英里，古老的河床变成了现在保护区的长桤木林，因此空格处为“转移”，故选B项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时洪水来袭时，这些盘根错节的树木让人联
46、想到佛罗里达的大沼泽地，长满青苔的倒下的树干沉入了淤泥中。A. clue线索；B. plot情节； C. evidence证据；D. hint暗示。根据“of the Florida Everglades（佛罗里达大沼泽） about it”可知，这些盘根错节的树木让人联想到佛罗里达的大沼泽地，因此空格处为“暗示”， 故选D项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：全年都有绝佳的机会从树冠的堤岸观看鸟类。A. opportunities机会；B. possibilities可能性；C. alternatives可供选择的事物；D. probabilities可能性。根据“to watch bi
47、rds from an embankment level with the tree canopy”可知，全年都有绝佳的机会从树冠的堤岸观看鸟类，因此空格处为“机会”， 故选A项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：今天下午，一群大约30只金翅雀在树枝间蹦蹦跳跳，叽叽喳喳地叫着，以从木质球果上掉下来的小种子为食。A. schemed计划；B. crawled爬；C. bounced蹦跳；D. scattered撒播。根据30 goldfinches（金翅雀）以及“chattered through the twigs”可知，金丝雀是一种鸟，一般是蹦跳，故选C项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析
48、。句意：可悲的是，自20世纪90年代中期以来，另一场灾难降临了这片当地特有的林地:桤木枯死病已经杀死了大约一半的成熟树木。A. misfortune不幸；B. catastrophe灾难；C. setback挫折；D. adversity逆境。 根据“alder dieback disease has killed around half the mature trees”可知，桤木枯死病已经杀死了大约一半的成熟树木是一场灾难，故选B项。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：可悲的是，自20世纪90年代中期以来，另一场灾难降临了这片当地特有的林地:桤木枯死病已经杀死了大约一半的成熟树木。A.
49、 unique独一无二的；B. peculiar独特的；C. especial特别的；D. particular特别的。一场灾难降临了这片当地特有的林地，因此空格处为“独一无二的”， 故选A项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管在这片珍贵的栖息地上， 死木材被允许放置在它倒下的地方，以满足真菌、无脊椎动物和啄木鸟的各种需求，而不是满足夏天晚上后花园的肉鳍鱼的需求。A. frontier前沿；B. territory领土；C. habitat栖息地；D. boundary边界。根据though in this precious _和后文的reserved for the needs of
50、 a _community of fungi, invertebrates and woodpeckers可知，这是一片栖息地，故选C项。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管在这片珍贵的栖息地上， 死木材被允许放置在它倒下的地方，以满足真菌、无脊椎动物和啄木鸟的各种需求，而不是满足夏天晚上后花园的肉鳍鱼的需求。A. various各种各样的； B. versatile多才多艺的；C. multiple多样的；D. diverse多样化的。根据后面的fungi, invertebrates and woodpeckers可知，死木材被允许放置在它倒下的地方，以满足真菌、无脊椎动物和啄木鸟
51、的多样化的需求，因此空格处为“多样化的”， 故选D项。Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you ha
52、ve read.(A)When experts ponder the future of automobiles. they tend to focus on two novel modes of transportation: driverless cars and flying cars. At this years CES technology show in Las Vegas, Hyundai has introduced a third vision for how vehicles might traverse the world around them -one that do
53、es not rely solely on wheels.More than 2,000 years after the wheelbarrows debut in classical Greece, ushering in a newer of locomotion. Hyundai s latest concept car is designed to walk as easily as it rolls, Called Elevate, the daddy-long-legs-like machine has wheels at the end of long robotic legs
54、that would allow users to drive, walk or even climb over the most treacherous terrain, according to the companyThe company-which labels the machine a UMV, or ultimate mobility vehicle-said the concept was inspired by the need for resilient transportation in disaster zones, where conventional vehicle
55、s are often rendered useless. When a tsunami or earthquake hits, current rescue vehicles can only deliver first responders to the edge of the debris field, John Suh, Hyundai vice president and head of Hyundai CRADLE, said in a statement on the companys website “ They have to go the rest of the way b
56、y foot. Elevate can drive to the scene and climb right over flood debris or crumbled concrete. Suh added the vehicles usefulness would not be limited to emergency situations. For people living with disabilities without access to an ADA ramp, the statement said, an autonomous version of the Elevate c
57、ould walk to a front door and position itself so a wheelchair could “roll right in.” How realistic is the Elevate concept?David Bailey, a professor at Aston Business School in England, told the BBC that although concept cars may not make it to the factory floor. they can help generate valuable new i
58、deas. “For most of us, its going to be wheels and roads, but in extreme situations there may be scope for this sort of thing. Bailey said. “There may well be applications in terms of emergency services- but there are very big technological challenges to make this sort of thing.”Hyundais vision is un
59、deniably ambitious. The company said it envisions being able to switch out different Elevate body types for different situations. The vehicle is designed to use “both mammalian and reptilian walking gaits”, giving it the ability to travel in any direction, the company said, noting the legs fold up i
60、nto a stowed drive-mode to save power.Those legs. the company said, would be able to climb over a five- foot wall and step across a five-foot gap. A concept video produced by Hyundai shows the vehicle performing a mixture of driving and walking. When the surface is relatively flat, the vehicle tums
61、to conventional wheels, but when the terrain grows craggy, the vehicles wheels appear to lock into place and its legs extend, taking synchronized steps forward.When surrounded by massive chunks of concrete from what appears to be a collapsed structure, Elevate is shown leveling itself on an incline
62、so rescuers can load a stretcher inside. “Imagine a car stranded in a snow ditch just 10 feet off the highway being able to walk or climb over the treacherous terrain, back to the road, potentially saving its injured passengers-this is the future of vehicular mobility, said David Byron, industrial d
63、esign manager at Sundberg-Ferar, a Detroit-based design firm that partnered with Hyundai to create the Elevate.36. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the article about where Elevate can be used?A. In a tsunami.B. In an earthquakeC. In severe weather conditionsD. In some situations where the
64、disabled need help37. The underlined word terrain in the second paragraph from bottom probably meanA. roadB. geographyC. conditionD. situation38. Which can best explain why Elevate may have a promising future according to the text?A. Because it can help disabled people better their life in many ways
65、.B. Because the research funds for this kind of car are available and sufficient.C Because it has a wide range of uses in many fields as well as in people life.D. Because it is nothing but a technological challenge to make this sort of thing.39. Which of the following best describes the authors main
66、 purpose in writing this article?A. To introduce readers an interesting technological product.B. To persuade readers to buy this kind of new product.C. To entertain readers with this new product.D. To explain to readers why the Elevates invention is difficult.【答案】36. C 37. B 38. C 39. A【解析】【分析】本文是说明
67、文，主要是关于新汽车介绍。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“When a tsunami or earthquake hits, current rescue vehicles can only deliver first responders to the edge of the debris field,” （当海啸或地震发生时，目前的救援车辆只能将第一批救援人员送到废墟地带的边缘。）以及“For people living with disabilities without access to an ADA ramp, the statement said, an autonomou
68、s version of the Elevate could walk to a front door and position itself so a wheelchair could roll right in.” （声明称，对于无法进入美国残疾人法匝道的残疾人来说，Elevate的自动驾驶版可以走到前门，调整自身位置，让轮椅“直接滑进来”。）该段提到该款设计可以在地震，海啸以及残疾人需要帮助时发挥作用，并未提及恶劣天气，故选C项。【37题详解】词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段“When the surface is relatively flat, the vehicle tums to co
69、nventional wheels, but when the terrain grows craggy, the vehicles wheels appear to lock into place and its legs extend, taking synchronized steps forward.” （当地面相对平坦时，车辆转向传统的车轮，但当地形变得崎岖时，车辆的车轮似乎锁定在原地，它的腿伸展，同步前进。）前面提到surface相对平坦时，使用传统的轮子行驶，后面转折，terrain和surface路面对应，意为“地形地貌”的意思，故选B项。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“
70、There may well be applications in terms of emergency services- but there are very big technological challenges to make this sort of thing.” （在应急服务方面可能会有应用但要做到这一点，还存在很大的技术挑战。）根据文章，“Elevate”一词可能会有很好的应用前景，是因为它在许多领域以及在人们的生活中有广泛的用途。故选C项。【39题详解】推理判断题。本文介绍了新汽车的一种设计理念，全文未有说服促销意味，在介绍表述上也较为客观，所以作者的目的是向读者介绍一款有
71、趣的科技产品。故选A项。(B)One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar. “Brutus was not an honorable man,” he said. “He was a traitor（叛徒）. And he murdered someone in cold b
72、lood.” The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him. He made a bad decision, they saidat least as it was presented by Shakespeareto take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had the good of the
73、 republic in mind, Caesar was nevertheless his superior. “You have to understand,” the executives said, “our policy is to obey the chain of command.”During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate America to have been exploiting Shakespeares
74、wisdom for profitable ends. None more so than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman, well-known advisers to the White House, who started up a training company called “Movers and Shakespeares”. They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined their passio
75、n and their high level contacts into a management training business. They conduct between 30 and 40 workshops annually, focusing on half a dozen different plays, mostly for corporations, but also for government agencies.The workshops all take the same form, focusing on a single play as a kind of cas
76、e study, and using individual scenes as specific lessons. In Julius Caesar, for example, Cassiuss sly provocation（狡诈的挑唆） of Brutus to take up arms against Caesar was a basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organizing.Although neither of the Adelmans is academically train
77、ed in literature, the programs contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background. Their workshop on Henry V, for example, includes a helpful explanation of Henrys winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt. But they do come to the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading of Henry V minimizes
78、 his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little good to say about Brutus, saying “the noblest Roman of them all” couldnt make his mind up about things.Many of the partic
79、ipants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt to be related. Caesars pride, which led to his murder, and Brutuss mistakes in leading the traitors after the murder, they said, raise vital questions for anyone serving in a business: when and how do you resist the boss?40. Why do
80、the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V?A. To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.B. To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.C. To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management.D. To warn executives against power misuse.41. It can be inferred from the passage tha
81、t _.A. the Adelmans program proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized.B. executives feel bored with too many specific elements of Shakespeares plays.C. the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars.D. Shakespeare has played an important role in the management fie
82、ld.42. The best title for the passage is _.A. Shakespeares plays: Executives reconsider corporate culture.B. Shakespeares plays: An essential key to business success.C. Shakespeares plays: a lesson for business motivation.D. Shakespeares plays: Dramatic training brings dramatic results.【答案】40. A 41.
83、 D 42. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，白宫的知名顾问肯尼斯阿德尔曼(Kenneth Adelman)和卡罗尔阿德尔曼(Carol Adelman) 创办了一家名为“搬家者与莎士比亚”的培训公司，利用莎士比亚戏剧中的角色对企业进行管理培训，以实现盈利。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“Their workshop on Henry V, for example, includes a helpful explanation of Henrys winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt. But they do come to
84、the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader.”（例如，他们关于亨利五世的研讨会就对亨利在阿金库尔战役中的获胜策略进行了有益的解释。但他们在阅读亨利五世时确实有一些偏见:他们对亨利五世的解读将他滥用权力的行为最小化。相反，它们强调的是年轻人抓住机会，成为熟练的领导者
85、的故事）可知，阿德尔曼举办了一个关于亨利五世的研讨会来强调抓住机会的重要性。故选A。【41题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate America to have been exploiting Shakespeares wisdom for profitable ends.”（在过去的几年里，企业高管和作家们一直在寻找一种新的方式，建议美国企业利用莎士比亚的智慧来实现盈利）可推知，莎士比亚在
86、管理领域发挥了重要作用，故选D。【42题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是白宫的知名顾问肯尼斯阿德尔曼(Kenneth Adelman)和卡罗尔阿德尔曼(Carol Adelman) 创办了一家名为“搬家者与莎士比亚”的培训公司，利用莎士比亚戏剧中的角色对企业进行管理培训，以实现盈利，因此最恰当的题目是D选项Shakespeares plays: Dramatic training brings dramatic results（莎士比亚戏剧：戏剧训练带来很大的效果），故选D。(C)Beginning in the late sixteenth century, it became
87、 fashionable for young aristocrats to visit Europe and above all Rome, as the culmination(终极) of their classical education Thus the idea of the Grand Tour was born, a practice which introduced Englishmen, Germans, Scandinavians, and Americans to the art and culture of France and Italy for the next 3
88、00 years. Travel was arduous and costly throughout the period. Possible only for a privileged class the same that produced gentlemen scientists authors antique experts and patrons of the arts.The Grand Tourist was typically a young man with a thorough background in Greek and Latin literature as well
89、 as some leisure time some means and some interest in art. The German traveler Johann Winckelmann pioneered the field of art history with his comprehensive study of Greek and Roman sculpture. he was portrayed by his friend Anton Raphael Mengs at the beginning of his long residence in Rome. Most Gran
90、d Tourist however stayed for briefer periods and set out with souvenirs of their travels as well as an understanding of art and architecture formed by exposure to great masterpieces.Since there were few museums anywhere in Europe before the end of the 18th century Grand Tourists often saw paintings
91、and sculptures by gaining admission to private collections. and many were eager to acquire examples of Greco-Roman and Italian art for their own collections In England, where architecture was increasingly seen as an aristocratic pursuit, noblemen often applied what they learned from the villas of Pa
92、lladio in Veneto and the evocative ruins of Rome to their own country houses and gardens.43. What did Grand Tourists have in common?A They had much geographic knowledge.B. They were versed in literature and interested in art.C. They were courageous and venturesome.D. They had enough travel and outdo
93、or life experience.44. How did Grand Tourists benefit from their travel?A. They found inspiration in the worlds greatest masterpieces.B. They got a better understanding of early human civilization.C. They developed an interest in the origin of modern art forms.D They gained some knowledge of classic
94、al art and architecture.45. Why did many Grand Tourists visit the private collections?A. They could buy unique souvenirs there to take back home.B. Europe hardly had any museums before 19th century.C. They found the antiques there more valuable.D. Private collections were of greater variety.46. How
95、did the Grand Tour influence the architecture in England?A. There appeared more and more Roman style buildings.B. Many aristocrats began to move into Roman style villas.C. Aristocrats country houses all had Roman style gardens.D. Italian architects were hired to design houses and gardens.【答案】43. C 4
96、4. D 45. B 46. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是“大游客”的做法，即年轻贵族游览欧洲，尤其是罗马，以及大旅行所带来的影响。【43题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“Travel was arduous and costly throughout the period”（在整个时期，旅行是艰苦和昂贵的）可推知， 大游客们的共同点在于他们都是勇敢和冒险的，故选C。【44题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Most Grand Tourist however stayed for briefer periods and set out with souvenirs of th
97、eir travels as well as an understanding of art and architecture formed by exposure to great masterpieces”（然而，大多数“大游客”在这里停留的时间较短，他们带着旅行纪念品出发，同时也对艺术和建筑有了了解，这些艺术和建筑是通过接触伟大的杰作而形成的）可知，大游客受益于他们的旅行在于他们获得了一些古典艺术和建筑方面的知识，故选D。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的“Since there were few museums anywhere in Europe before the end o
98、f the 18th century Grand Tourists often saw paintings and sculptures by gaining admission to private collections”（由于在18世纪末之前欧洲几乎没有博物馆，游客们经常通过获得私人收藏的许可来欣赏绘画和雕塑）可知，许多大游客参观私人收藏，因为欧洲在19世纪之前几乎没有博物馆，故选B。【46题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“In England, where architecture was increasingly seen as an aristocratic pursuit, n
99、oblemen often applied what they learned from the villas of Palladio in Veneto and the evocative ruins of Rome to their own country houses and gardens”（在英国，建筑越来越被视为贵族的追求，贵族们经常将他们从威尼托(Veneto)帕拉第奥(Palladio)的别墅和令人回味的罗马废墟中学到的东西应用到自己的乡村住宅和花园中）可知，大旅游对英国建筑的影响在于罗马风格的建筑越来越多，故选A。Section CDirections: Read the f
100、ollowing passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Evaluating Sources of Health InformationMaking good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step i
101、n bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of healthy information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information, how to separate facts from opinions, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability
102、 of sources. _47_Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. _48_Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find t
103、hat a behavior contributes to or is associated with an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result. _49_ Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.Use your common sense. If a report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especi
104、ally careful of information contained in advertisements. The goal of an ad is to sell you something. Evaluate scientific statements carefully, and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术)._50_ Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifesty
105、le that works for us.Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about the health problems will serve you well throughout your life.A. Make choices that are right for you.B. Be sure to work through the critical questions.C. And examine the findings of the original research.D. Dis
106、tinguish between research reports and public health advice.E. Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an authors point of view.F. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.【答案】47. F 48. C 49. E 50. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇
107、说明文，主要讲的如何评估健康信息的来源。【47题详解】上文说“Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information, how to separate facts from opinions, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources”（合理的评价包括知道在哪里和如何找到相关信息，如何区分事实和观点，如何识别不良推理，如何分析信息和来源的可靠
108、性），空格后讲了一些具体的建议，F选项The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources（以下建议可以帮助您对从常见来源收到的健康信息进行排序）位于空格处起着承上启下的作用，因此F选项切合题意，故选F。【48题详解】上文说“Go to the original source”，C选项And examine the findings of the original research中的original与上文的original相互呼应，且
109、其中的examine与上文“Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science”中的Find out相互呼应，因此C选项切合题意，故选C。【49题详解】本段开头Watch for misleading language为主题句，因此本段是关于注意误导性的语言，E选项Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an authors point of view（请注
110、意，作者的观点也可能会错误地解释信息）与本段主题相呼应，因此E选项切合题意，故选E。【50题详解】下文说“Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration, but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.”（朋友和家人可以是想法和灵感的伟大来源，但我们每个人都需要找到一种适合自己的健康生活方式），因此本段是关于做出适合自己的选择，因此A选项Make choices that are right for you切
111、合题意，故选A。IV. Summary Writing51. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A remarkable variety of insects live in this planet. More species of insects exist than a
112、ll other animal species together. Insects have survived on earth for more than 300 million years and may possess the ability to survive for millions more. Insects can be found almost everywhere - on the highest mountains and on the bottom of rushing streams, in the cold South Pole and in bubbling ho
113、t springs. They dig through the ground, jump and sing in the trees, and run and dance in the air. They come in many different colours and various shapes.There are many reasons why insects are so successful at surviving. Their amazing ability to adapt permits them to live in extreme ranges of tempera
114、tures and environments. The one place where they have not yet been found to any major extent is in the open oceans. Insects can survive on a wide range of natural and artificial foods - paint, pepper, glue, books, grain, cotton, other insects, plants and animals. Because they are small they can hide
115、 in tiny spaces.Also, insects have an enormous reproductive capacity: An African ant queen can lay as many as 43,000 eggs a day.Another reason for their success is the strategy of protective colour. An insect may be right before our eyes, but nearly invisible because it is cleverly disguised(伪装) lik
116、e a green leaf, lump of brown soil, gray lichen(青苔), a seed or some other natural object. Some insects use bright, bold colours to send warning signals that they taste bad, sting or are poison. Others have wing patterns that look like the eyes of a huge predator, bitter-tasting insects; hungry enemi
117、es are fooled into avoiding them._【答案】Large varieties of insects successfully survive almost anywhere for several reasons. First, their adaptive capacities enable them to survive in extreme temperatures and environments. They can live on various foods and hide in tiny places. Second, insects excel a
118、t reproduction. Last, insects use protective colors to disguise or give warnings so that they successfully fool their enemies.【解析】【分析】本题是要求概括所给文章的大意。这一题型主要考察对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。【详解】解题步骤：1. 细读原文。2. 列出原文要点。本文是一篇说明文，说明这个星球上生活着各种各样的昆虫。昆虫已经在地球上生存了3亿多年，昆虫能如此成功地存活下来有很多
119、原因。文章叙述了成功存活的三个理由。首先，它们的适应能力使它们能够在极端的温度和环境中生存。它们可以吃各种各样的食物，藏在很小的地方。第二，昆虫擅长繁殖。最后，昆虫用保护色来伪装或发出警告，从而成功地愚弄它们的敌人。3. 用合适的句子和规定字数将原文要点表达出来。注意概要是对他人文章的概括和转述，概要写作不是再创作，要忠于原文，绝对不能出现来自于作者以外的其他观点。概要性是概要写作的最大特点，语言和内容必须高度概括，不要超过要求的60词。V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using
120、 the words given in the brackets.52. 在举目无亲的情况下，他不得不向警察们求助。(cant help)（汉译英）【答案】He couldnt help but turn to the police for help in the case of no relatives around.【解析】【详解】考查固定短语和时态。“在.的情况下”为固定短语in the case of.，“举目无亲”也就是身边没有亲戚，翻译为no relatives around，“不得不做某事”为cant help but do sth.，“向警察们求助”为固定短语turn to s
121、b. for help，句子描述过去的事情，因此时态用一般过去时，因此句子可翻译为“He couldnt help but turn to the police for help in the case of no relatives around.”，故答案为He couldnt help but turn to the police for help in the case of no relatives around。53. 规定每位小提琴手都必须演奏一首中国作品以弘扬中华文化。（require）【答案】Each of the violinists was required to pla
122、y a Chinese musical work to promote Chinese culture.【解析】【详解】考查动词和不定式。require sb. to do sth.“要求某人做某事；规定某人做某事”，是常用短语，不定式做宾语补足语；分析句子可知，用被动语态，主语是“Each of the violinists ”表示“每一位小提琴手”，play“弹奏”；a Chinese musical work“一首中国音乐作品”；目的状语用不定式结构，promote Chinese culture“弘扬中国文化”，故翻译为：. Each of the violinists was req
123、uired to play a Chinese musical work to promote Chinese culture.54. 毫无疑问在这个充满竞争的社会，保持幽默有助于减少压力并促进创造性思维。（contribute）【答案】There is no doubt that keeping humorous contributes to reducing stress and enhancing the creative thinking in the society filled with competition.【解析】【详解】考查固定句型、动名词作主语和过去分词作后置定语。句中使
124、用固定句型：There is no doubt that.“毫无疑问.”，在这个句型中that引导同位语从句；从句中动名词短语keeping humorous“保持幽默”作主语，谓语动词contribute to“有助于”用单数第三人称，to是介词，所以后面用动名词作宾语；the society和 filled之间是被动关系，是过去分词作后置定语。再根据所给其他汉语，故翻译为There is no doubt that keeping humorous contributes to reducing stress and enhancing the creative thinking in t
125、he society filled with competition.55. 我们应重视保持孩子学习与玩耍的平衡，正如一句老话说的那样：“只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。”(emphasis) （汉译英）【答案】We should place emphasis on children to keep the balance between play and study. As an old saying goes, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.”【解析】【详解】考查固定短语。“重视.”为固定短语place emphasis on s
126、th.；“应”用情态动词should；“保持学习与玩耍的平衡”翻译为keep the balance between play and study；“正如一句老话说的那样”翻译为as an old saying goes；“只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子会变傻。”是一句谚语，翻译为“All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy”。句子描述客观事实，因此整句话时态用一般现在时，翻译为“We should place emphasis on children to keep the balance between play and study. As an ol
127、d saying goes, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.”，故答案为We should place emphasis on children to keep the balance between play and study. As an old saying goes, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.”VI. Guided Writing:56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120150 words accord
128、ing to the instructions given below in Chinese.假设你是明启中学高三张华，在某报纸上看到一则报道，寒冬腊月，一名老人因不会使用手机扫描通信大数据行程码，被公交车司机呵斥要求其下车。互联网的发展便利人们生活的同时，却让很多老年人无所适从，就如何让银发族跨越“数字化”鸿沟的问题报社征集现广大读者的建议。请你写一封信给该报。在信中，你必须：1. 你对老年人“数字化”鸿沟的看法；2. 就如何帮助老年人跨越“数字化”鸿沟提出建议。【答案】To whom it may concern,Reading the report that a senior citiz
129、en was declined from riding bus due to being unable to display his health codes with smartphone, Im so touched that Im writing to voice my opinions.While the majority of the populace enjoys the convenience of digital technologies, however, senior citizens are experiencing greater and greater difficu
130、lties with the digital divide. This is rather disappointing. Measures should be taken to bridge the digital divide for senior citizens.To begin with, we need to strengthen education and training for senior citizens. Many of them have little knowledge of new technologies. Therefor wed better hire spe
131、cialized and patient coaches, select easy-to-understand teaching materials, and help the senior citizens to become literate in technology. Then, we should launch more senior-friendly products. For example, the taxi-hailing platform of Shanghai has enabled “one button hail” and “big letter mode” so t
132、hat seniors with poor eyesight can send their location information with a single click. More importantly, senior citizens are not passively taking in help from others. We must encourage them to act together, to overcome fear of new technologies, and stick to the belief of “never too old to learn”.In
133、 a nutshell, to help senior citizens bridge the digital divide, we need joint efforts from the governments, companies, and the whole society. Hope that my suggestions would be taken into consideration.Yours,Zhang Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达是应用文，要求考生写一封信给该报就如何让银发族跨越“数字化”鸿沟的问题提出自己的建议。【详解】1.词汇积累表达我的看法：express my
134、 opinions voice my opinions不懂：know little of have little knowledge of接受帮助：accept help take in help被考虑: be considered be taken into consideration2.句式拓展合并简单句原句：To begin with, we need to strengthen education and training for senior citizens. Many of them have little knowledge of new technologies.拓展句：To
135、 begin with, we need to strengthen education and training for senior citizens, many of whom have little knowledge of new technologies.【点睛】高分句型1 Reading the report that a senior citizen was declined from riding bus due to being unable to display his health codes with smartphone, Im so touched that Im writing to voice my opinions. (运用了现在分词作状语)高分句型2 For example, the taxi-hailing platform of Shanghai has enabled “one button hail” and “big letter mode” so that seniors with poor eyesight can send their location information with a single click. (运用了so that引导的目的状语)
