1、上海市七宝中学2019-2020学年高二英语下学期期中试题（含解析）满分分值：150分 完卷时间：120分钟I. Listening Comprehension (25)Section A (10)Directions: In Part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions wil
2、l be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Use a ladder to help her reach the cup. B. See a doctor about her shoulder.C. Put the cup on a lo
3、wer shelf. D. Buy a new cupboard.2. A. He has already called Harry. B. Harry knows most of the facts.C. He needs to talk to Harry soon. D. Harry doesnt have a telephone.3. A. The new doctor lacks experience.B. She disagrees with what the man said.C. The man had better talk with the patients first.D.
4、 Patients usually cannot offer a fair evaluation.4. A. Take the man to the station. B. Look after the mans things.C. Find out when the next bus leaves. D. Show the man the way to the station.5. A. He was good at fixing up bookshelves. B. He helped James build up the furniture.C. James helped him arr
5、ange the furniture. D. James helped him with some of the work.6. A. Its difficult to take photographs indoors.B. The photo album is in the living room.C. Mary has lost the photo album.D. Mary is a good photographer.7. A. The jobs short hours make it impossible for her to refuse.B. The job is turning
6、 into an excellent opportunity for her.C. Shes looking forward to meeting her new colleagues.D. She refused the position because of the low salary.8. A. He had to do what is necessary in order to learn.B. He doesnt have to memorize all the vocabulary.C. He knows the whole vocabulary list already.D.
7、He cannot learn much by just memorizing.9. A. Its not the one he likes. B. He needs a smaller shirt.C. It doesnt fit him very well. D. He hasnt had time to try it on yet.10. A. The line for concert tickets is too busy. B. Hes too busy to go to the concert.C. Carl knows the concert is at eight. D. He
8、 hasnt been able to reach Carl.Section B (20)Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spo
9、ken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. In the 19th century. B. In about 1800s.C. In the 18th century. D. In ab
10、out 2400 BC.12. A. The language used. B. The targeted readers.C. The reputation. D. The length.13. A. The evolution of self-study books.B. The importance of self-study books.C. The difference among self-study books.D. The famous writers of self-study books.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the fo
11、llowing passage.14. A. The reasons railroad regulations in the U.S.A were changed.B. The safety record of the railroad industry in the U.S.A.C. The financing of railroad construction in the U.S.A.D. The evolution of the railroad industry in the U.S.A.15. A. Safety problems with railroad tracks.B. Th
12、e growth of the automotive industry.C. The use of oversized freight containers.D. The high cost of meeting various regulations.16. A. It causes less air pollution than other means of transport.B. Its competitors are less considerate of customers.C. It creates great personal fortunes for investors.D.
13、 Its business is kept in a traditional way.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. To earn money for her tuition.B. To make her dream come true.C. To make preparations for her future job.D. To ensure that she has time for acting work.18. A. Serious. B. Funny. C. Experi
14、enced. D. Demanding.19. A. It involves many theories. B. He must get an advanced camera.C. He hasnt learned physics before. D. It occupies much of his spare time.20 A. He is more willing to do something. B. He has stopped working late.C. He can go to sleep early. D. He feels more relaxed. Grammar an
15、d Vocabulary (20)Section A (15)(A)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits ea
16、ch blank.The 2020 Championships Wimbledon have been canceled _1_ public health concerns linked to the coronavirus epidemic. The Championships _2_(schedule) to be held from Monday, June 29 through Sunday, July 12. The134thtournament will be held (hold) between June 28 and July 11, 2021. “This is a de
17、cision we have not taken lightly and we have done so with the highest regard for public health and the well-being of all those_3_ come together to make Wimbledon happen,” AELTC chairman Ian Hewitt said. “It _4_ (weigh) heavily on our minds that the staging of The Championships has only been interrup
18、ted previously by World Wars but, _5_(follow) thorough and extensive consideration of all scenarios, we believe that it is a measure of this global crisis and _6_ it is ultimately the right decision to cancel this years Championships, and instead concentrate on _7_ we can use the breadth of Wimbledo
19、ns resources to help those in our local communities and beyond.【答案】1. because of / due to 2. were scheduled 3. that/who 4. has been weighing / has weighed 5. following 6. that 7. how【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。由于全球性爆发新冠状病毒，2020年温布尔登网球锦标赛被取消。【1题详解】考查介词短语。句意：由于与冠状病毒流行有关的公共健康问题的担忧，202年温网锦标赛取消。根据句意，前一句“The 2020 Champ
20、ionships Wimbledon have been canceled”是结果，后一句“public health concerns linked to the coronavirus epidemic.”是原因；“public health concerns”是名词短语，因此用表原因的介词短语because of 或due to。 故填because of / due to。【2题详解】考查时态和语态。句意：锦标赛原定于6月29日(周一)至7月12日(周日)举行。根据句意，“锦标赛举行时间”是在此之前所作出的安排，是叙述过去的情况，应用一般过去时；句子主语The Championship
21、s和 schedule之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；因此用一般过去时的被动语态；主语The Championships是复数，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填were scheduled。【3题详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：AELTC主席伊恩休伊特说：“我们没有轻率地做出这个决定。我们这么做是出于对公众健康的最高考虑，也是为了所有努力让温布尔登竞标赛如期举行的人们的健康。”分析句子结构，所填词后是定语从句，先行词those，指人，在从句中作主语，因此用that/who引导定语从句。故填that/who。4题详解】考查时态。句意：“锦标赛的举办先前只因世界大战中断过，这一直是我们心头的重担。
22、”根据上下文语境，此处应用现在完成时，表示对现在的影响；也可用现在完成进行时，强调动作持续进行，意思为“一直在做”；形式主语it是单数，故填has been weighing / has weighed。【5题详解】考查介词。句意：但是对所有可能的情况进行全面和广泛的考虑后，我们相信这是一次全球性的危机。最终，取消今年的锦标赛是正确的决定。根据句意，此处应为介词following，意思为“在.之后”。故填following。【6题详解】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：但是对所有可能的情况进行全面和广泛的考虑后，我们认为这是一次全球性的危机。最终，取消今年的锦标赛是正确的决定。and是并列连词，连接两
23、个并列的宾语从句we believe that and .；and后的宾语从句中不缺少任何成分，因此用that引导宾语从句。故填that。【7题详解】考查连接词。句意：相反，我们应该集中精力在如何利用温布尔登锦标赛的广泛资源，帮助我们当地社区和其他地方的人。根据句意，应用how引导宾语从句，意思为“如何，怎样”。故填how。 (B)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blan
24、ks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A new era of computing may be upon us as Google claims its Sycamore computer has achieved quantum supremacy (量子霸权). But what is quantum supremacy, and what do
25、es it mean for the future?Quantum supremacy is a scientific term. It means that a quantum computer has solved a problem that a classical computer would take too much time and energy to do._8_ (publish) in the journal Nature on Oct 23, Google tasked a computer with finding mathematical probabilities
26、of different “events”. The events were specific values from a random number generator. Sycamore successfully picked out strings (系列) of numbers that were _9_ (likely) to occur than others, running the test 1 million times in 200 seconds.In their research, Google claims that the worlds best supercomp
27、uter would have taken 10,000 years _10_(solve) the same problem. However, Googles claims were questioned by rival company IBM, who argued the same test _11_ have been completed in 2.5 days by its Summit supercomputer.What is quantum computing? The major difference between quantum and classic compute
28、rs is in how they record and transmit information. Classic computers, from your laptop to your phone to a NASA supercomputer, use bits. Each bit has a state of either zero or one (on or off) and completes each operation one-at-a-time.However, quantum computers, like Googles Sycamore, use quantum bit
29、s called qubits (量子位). These can be both zero and one at the same time, allowing them to hold more data and work together to solve problems simultaneously.Googles experiment has been applauded _12_ a major breakthrough. It is a stepping-stone toward a big dream.Currently, quantum computers are withi
30、n the next decade. Tech reporter Jacob Ward told NBC News, “This could revolutionize our every little real-world value, but that can all change whole lives. Were talking about the development of new medicines, materials, artificial intelligence, all of which, right now, _13_ (depend) on a very limit
31、ed language of computing.?”While quantum may not be close to _14_ (change) our everyday lives right now, it has been compared to the first rocket to reach space. It may be a generation _15_ quantum computers become mainstream, so who can say what humans might achieve with the new technology?【答案】8. P
32、ublished 9. more likely 10. to solve 11. could 12. as 13. depends 14. changing 15. before【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，谷歌宣称其Sycamore计算机已经取得量子霸权。未来，量子计算机可以解决传统计算机需要花费太多时间和精力才能解决的问题。【8题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Google让计算机找出不同“事件”的数学概率，这发表于10月23日的自然杂志上。根据句意，publish的逻辑主语应是Google 公司在自然杂志上发表的内容，即“Google tasked a computer with findin
33、g mathematical probabilities of different “events”.”此句和publish之间有逻辑上的被动关系，因此用过去分词作状语。故填Published。【9题详解】考查形容词的比较等级。句意：Sycamore计算机成功挑选出数字字符串，这些数字字符串比其他的（数字字符串）更可能出现，在200秒运行测试100万次。than 常和形容词比较级形式连用；likely的比较级形式为more likely。故填more likely。【10题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在他们的研究中，谷歌声称，世界上最好的超级计算机要解决同样的问题会需要1万年。sth take
34、s +时间/金钱+to do sth ,故填to solve。【11题详解】考查情态动词。句意：然而，谷歌的说法遭到了竞争对手IBM的质疑，IBM辩称，其Summit超级计算机可能在2.5天内就能完成同样的测试。上一句中的“the worlds best supercomputer would have taken”是表示假设，此处也是表示假设；根据句意，应用情态动词could，意思为“能够”，表示能力。故填could。12题详解】考查介词。句意：谷歌的实验被誉为是一项重大突破。此处用介词as，意思为“作为”。故填as。【13题详解】考查动词时态。句意：我们在谈论的是新药物、新材料、人工智能的
35、开发，目前所有这些都依赖于非常有限的计算机语言。分析句子结构，定语从句关系词which 指代the development of new medicines, materials, artificial intelligence；因此定语从句的主语all of which是指单数；从句谓语动词应用单数形式；根据时间状语right now，是叙述现在的情况，因此用一般现在时。故填depends。【14题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然量子目前还无法改变我们的日常生活，但它已被比作是第一枚进入太空的火箭。短语 be close to“接近于”，其中to是介词，后接动名词作宾语。故填changing
36、。【15题详解】考查从属连词。句意：量子计算机可能还需要一代人的时间才能成为主流。此处是句型“It will be +一段时间+before”，意思为“要过才”。故填before。Section B (20)(A)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A tiger at the Bronx Zoo in New York Ci
37、ty has tested positive for the respiratory disease caused by the novel coronavirus, becoming the first known case of human-animal _16_, the zoos chief veterinarian said on Sunday.Nadia, the 4-year-old Malayan tiger that tested positive, was _17_ for the COVID-19 disease after _18_ a dry cough along
38、with three other tigers and three lions, the Wildlife Conservation Society, which manages the zoo, said in a statement.All of the cats are expected to recover, it said. But officials believe this is a unique case because Nadia became sick after _19_ to an asymptomatic zoo employee, Paul Calle, chief
39、 veterinarian at the Bronx Zoo, told Reuters.Calle said they did not know which employee infected the tiger. This is the first time that we have discovered that a person infects the animal and the animal gets sick, Calle said, adding that they planned to share the findings with other zoos and instit
40、utions. I guess _20_ we will all have a better understanding as a result.While the other tigers and lions were also _21_ symptoms, the zoo decided to test only Nadia because she was the sickest and had started to lose her appetite already, and they did not want to _22_ all the cats to anesthesia(麻醉)
41、, Calle said.Nadia _23_ X-rays, an ultrasound(超声波) and blood tests to try to figure out what was making her sick . They decided to test for COVID-19 _24_ the surge in cases in New York City, the epicenter of the outbreak in the United States.The first tiger at the zoo, which has been shut since mid-
42、March, began showing _25_ of illness on March 27, according to the US Department of Agriculture National Veterinary Services Laboratories.【答案】16. ABC 17. AC 18. CD 19. A 20. B 21. AD 22. C 23. BC 24. D 25. BD【解析】本文为新闻报道。文章叙述了纽约布朗克斯动物园首席兽医周日表示，该动物园一只老虎Nadia被检测出新型冠状病毒引起的呼吸道疾病呈阳性，成为已知的第一例人畜传播病例。动物园对Nad
43、ia进行了多项检测尽力找出其感染病毒的原因。【16题详解】考查名词。句意：该动物园一只老虎被检测出新型冠状病毒引起的呼吸道疾病呈阳性，成为已知的第一例人畜传播病例。分析句子可知，空格处在句中作介词of的宾语，要用名词。根据下一段中的老虎感染了COVID-19病毒，可知，此处是指这只老虎是第一例人畜传播病例。故填ABC。【17题详解】考查被动语态。句意：动物园管理方野生动物保护协会在一份声明中说，4岁的马来虎Nadia与另外3只老虎和3头狮子一起患上干咳后，接受了COVID-19疾病的筛查。根据语境可知，此句是指老虎和狮子患上了干咳后要进行COVID-19疾病的筛查。主语是Nadia与动词scr
44、een二者被动关系，故填AC。【18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：动物园管理方野生动物保护协会在一份声明中说，4岁的马来虎Nadia与另外3只老虎和3头狮子一起出现干咳后，接受了COVID-19疾病的筛查。根据“a dry cough along with three other tigers and three lions”可知，空格处用develop，其意思为“患(病)，出现(问题)，(疾病)开始侵袭”，其逻辑主语是Nadia。与动词develop二者是主动关系，要用动词的ing形式，故填CD。【19题详解】考查固定搭配及名词。句意：官员们认为这是一个独特的病例，因为Nadia在接触一名无
45、症状的动物园员工后生病。根据语境可知，此处是指老虎接触到一名无症状的动物员工后生病的。after后接名词，而exposure to为固定搭配，意为“接触”，故填A。【20题详解】考查副词。句意：因此我想希望我们对此都能有更好的理解。分析句子可知，空格处要填缺少副词，根据语境可知此处是指希望地，要用副词“hopefully”，故填B。【21题详解】考查进行时。句意：卡利说，虽然其他老虎和狮子也出现了症状，但动物园决定只给Nadia做检查，因为她是最虚弱的，已经开始没有食欲了。根据“because she was the sickest and had started to lose her ap
46、petite already”可知，“exhibit”意思为“显出，表明”。空格处前有were，根据语境可知，此处是过去进行时，故填AD。【22题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：而另一只老虎和狮子也表现出症状，动物园决定给Nadia检查，因为她是最虚弱的，已经开始失去食欲，他们不想所有的猫科动物麻醉，Calle说。“根据“ anesthesia(麻醉)”可知，空处填subjectto”意为“使遭受”，故填C。【23题详解】考查一般过去时。句意：Nadia接受了X光、超声波和血液检查目的是尽力找出是什么让她生病。根据“X-rays, an ultrasound(超声波) and blood test
47、s”可知，空处应填underwent，本句叙述的是过去的事，要用一般过去时，故填BC。【24题详解】考查连词。句意：考虑到美国爆发疫情的中心纽约市病例激增，他们决定检测COVID-19。分析句子可知，根据语境可知，此处缺少的意思为“考虑到，鉴于”，given意思为“考虑到，鉴于”。故填D。【25题详解】考查名词。句意：这家动物园自3月中旬以来一直关闭，从3月27日起，第一只老虎开始出现疾病迹象。根据句意可知，空格处是指出现了生病的“迹象”，用复数表示泛指。故填BD。(B)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words
48、in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Driving an electric car _26_ to the protection of environment, or so the marketing departments of their makers would have you believe. Yet a report which analyzes car emissions presents a rather different pic
49、ture. A battery-powered car recharged with _27_ generated by coal-fired power stations, it found, is likely to be more harmful. It could cause more than three times as many deaths from pollution as a _28_ petrol-driven vehicle.The study was carried out by the University of Minnesota. The researchers
50、 estimated how levels of fine particulate matter (细颗粒物) and ground-level ozone two important _29_ of air pollution would change when a car is powered by different ways.It was no surprise that electric cars whose batteries were recharged with power from wind, solar or hydro-electric sources came out
51、to be virtually free from harmful _30_. They were estimated to cause 231 deaths over the course of a year, compared with 878 for petrol cars. Electric cars recharged with power from natural gas-fired stations were also a lot less harmful than petrol-driven ones, with 439 deaths. But if those same el
52、ectric cars were recharged _31_ by coal, they would be responsible for over 3,000 deaths.Biofuels also caused more health problems than petrol. But diesel, which often _32_ concern about pollution, is slightly cleaner than petrol. This is because the study assumes for all cars that emission-control
53、technologies will be more widely used, especially particulate filters which have a remarkable effect on cleaning diesel _33_. Diesel cars are also more _34_ of fuel than petrol-driven ones.Overall, the study shows that electric cars are cleaner than those traditional vehicles only if the power used
54、to charge then is also clean. That is hardly a surprise, but the _35_ of the difference is. How green electric cars really are, then, will depend mainly on where they are driven. In France, which obtains more than half of its power from nuclear station, electric cars look like a good bet. In China a
55、nd some other developing countries, where a large amount of electricity is produced from coal, they may not be so environment- friendly as they are marketed.【答案】26. BC 27. AC 28. AB 29. A 30. CD 31. B 32. ABC 33. C 34. D 35. BD【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，电动汽车比传统汽车更清洁，但用燃煤发电站产生的电池充电的汽车可能危害更大，死亡人数也多。【26题详解】考查动词
56、。此处缺乏谓语动词，此处意为“有助于环境保护”，动词词组contribute to（有助于），符合句意。故选BC项。【27题详解】考查名词。with后接名词作宾语，用名词形式，此处意为“充电”，名词electricity（电），符合句意。故选AC项。【28题详解】考查形容词。名词词组petrol-driven vehicle需要形容词修饰，此处意为“传统的汽油车”，形容词conventional（传统的），符合句意。故选AB项。【29题详解】考查名词。two important _4_ of air pollution是名词所有格，应填名词，此处意为“空气污染的两个重要成分”，名词consti
57、tuent（成分、构成要素），符合句意。故选A项。【30题详解】考查名词。形容词harmful修饰名词，应用名词，此处意为“有害物质”，名词subtance（物质），符合句意。故选CD项。【31题详解】考查副词。副词修饰动词recharged，用副词形式，此处意为“但如果这些电动汽车最终用煤充电”，副词ultimately（最终地、根本上），符合句意。故选B项。【32题详解】考查动词。此处缺乏谓语动词，此处意为“常常产生关于污染的担忧”，动词generate（产生），符合句意。故选ABC项。【33题详解】考查名词。此处意为“柴油废气”，名词exhaust（废气），符合句意。故选C项。【34题详
58、解】考查形容词。此处意为“柴油车也比汽油车更节约”，固定搭配be economical of（对节约），形容词economical（节约的），符合句意。故选D项。【35题详解】考查名词。the _10_ of the difference是名词所有格，用名词形式，此处意为“差别的程度”，名词extent（程度），符合句意。故选BD项。. Reading Comprehension (45)Section A (15)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked
59、 A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Chinese experts, based on the result of clinical trials, have _36_ that Chloroquine Phosphate(磷酸氯喹), an antimalarial drug, has a certain _37_ effect on the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a Chinese official s
60、aid here Monday.The experts have unanimously suggested the drug be included in the next version of the treatment guidelines and _38_ in wider clinical trials as soon as possible, Sun Yanrong, deputy head of the China National Center for Biotechnology Development under the Ministry of Science and Tec
61、hnology (MOST), said at a press conference.Chloroquine Phosphate, which has been used for more than 70 years, was selected from tens of thousands of existing drugs after _39_ rounds of screening, Sun said. According to her, the drug has been under clinical trials in over 10 hospitals in Beijing, _40
62、_ in south Guangdong Province and central Chinas Hunan Province, and has shown _41_ good efficacy.In the trials, the groups of patients who had taken the drug have shown better indicators than their parallel groups, in abatement(减轻) of fever, improvement of CT images of lungs, the percentage of pati
63、ents who became _42_ in viral nucleic acid tests and the time they need to do so, she said. Patients taking the drug also take a shorter time to recover, she added.Sun gave an example of a 54-year-old patient in Beijing, who was _43_ to hospital four days after showing symptoms. After taking the dru
64、g for a week, he saw all indicators _44_ and the nucleic acid turn negative._45_, no obvious serious adverse reactions related to the drug have been found among the over 100 patients enrolled in the clinical trials, she said.On February 15, several departments including the MOST, the National Health
65、 Commission and the National Medical Products Administration called a video conference to _46_ drug research and clinical experts opinions on the drugs efficacy on COVID-19.The expert team led by Zhong Nanshan, a _47_ respiratory specialist and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, a
66、greed that Chloroquine Phosphate can be used to treat more COVID-19 patients, Sun said.Previous in vitro (体外的) experiments showed that it can block virus _48_ by changing the acidity and basicity value inside the cell and interfering receptors of SARS coronavirus. It also shows immune-modulating (调节
67、) activity, which may _49_ its antiviral effect in vivo (体内的) and is widely _50_ in the whole body, including the lungs, after oral administration.36. A. advocatedB. assumedC. confirmedD. conserved37. A. limitedB. curativeC. sideD. potential38. A. appliedB. diagnosedC. recognizedD. adapted39. A. fea
68、sibleB. reasonableC. authenticD. multiple40. A. for instanceB. as well asC. that is to sayD. such as41. A. unintentionallyB. consideratelyC. scarcelyD. fairly42. A. negativeB. neutralC. obviousD. positive43. A. overlookedB. admittedC. accessedD. refused44. A. promoteB. flawC. failD. improve45. A. In
69、 the meantimeB. By contrastC. So farD. In consequence46. A. turn downB. listen toC. engage inD. argue about47. A. respectfulB. conventionalC. spiritualD. distinguished48. A. invasionB. investigationsC. infectionsD. cultivation49. A. undermineB. enhanceC. imposeD. withhold50. A. distributedB. reflect
70、edC. extinguishedD. substituted【答案】36. C 37. B 38. A 39. D 40. B 41. D 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. C 46. B 47. D 48. C 49. B 50. A【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了中国的医疗团队证实了磷酸氯喹对于新冠肺炎有一定的疗效，并具体说明了临床试验的过程和其药理。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：中国的医疗专家们根据临床试验的结果，已经证实了磷酸氯喹一种抗疟剂药物对于新冠病毒有某种治疗效果。A. advocated提倡，拥护；B. assumed假设；C. confirmed证实；
71、D. conserved保护。下文对于磷酸氯喹的疗效作了具体说明，可见这里的消息是证实了具有疗效。故选C项。【37题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：中国的医疗专家们根据临床试验的结果，已经证实了磷酸氯喹一种抗疟剂药物对于新冠病毒有某种治疗效果。A. limited有限的；B. curative有疗效的；C. side侧面的；D. potential潜在的。下文对于磷酸氯喹的疗效作了具体说明，对于新冠肺炎的症状有一定的缓解作用，可见是有疗效的。故选B项。【38题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：该药物应该会列入下一版治疗指导方案中，并在更大范围的临床试验中得到应用。A. applied应用；B. d
72、iagnosed诊断；C. recognized认出；D. adapted适应。分析句子可知，这里主语是the drug，地点状语是in wider clinical trial，显然是指在临床试验中使用、应用药物。故选A项。【39题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：磷酸氯喹被从上万种药物中层层筛选出来。A. feasible可行的；B. reasonable合理的；C. authentic真实的；D. multiple多样的，许多的。要从种类繁多的药物中找出能治疗新冠肺炎的药物，必然要经过层层筛选。故选D项。【40题详解】考查固定短语。句意：该药物已经在北京的十多家医院进行临床试验，在广东省和
73、湖南省也都进行了试验。A. for instance例如；B. as well as也；C. that is to say也就是说；D. such as比如。这里列举的三个地点都是进行临床试验的地方，是并列的，可以用as well as连接，表示“也，还有”。故选B项。【41题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：而且都表现出了相当不错的疗效。A. unintentionally无意的；B. considerately体谅地；C. scarcely几乎不；D. fairly相当地，公平地。这里要用fairly修饰good表示程度。故选D项。【42题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：核酸检测转阴性的患者人
74、数有所增加。A. negative消极的；B. neutral中立的；C. obvious明显的；D. positive积极的。根据下文“ the nucleic acid turn negative.”可知，这里在描述磷酸氯喹的临床疗效，negative在这里表示“阴性的”，即病情好转了。故选A项。【43题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她举了北京一位54岁的患者为例，这位患者在出现症状四天后入院。A. overlooked忽视；B. admitted承认，准许进入；C. accessed接近；D. refused拒绝。be admitted to hospital意为“入院，住院”，符合情境
75、。故选B项。【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的所有指标都有所改善，核酸检测也呈现阴性。A. promote提升；B. flaw使有缺陷；C. fail失败；D. improve提高，改善。根据“the nucleic acid turn negative.”这里表现药物确有疗效，患者在服药后情况是有所改善的。故选D项。【45题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：迄今为止，没有出现和该药物相关的明显的严重不良反应。A. In the meantime同时；B. By contrast相反；C. So far至今；D. In consequence因此，结果。句中使用现在完成时，结合句意应该用s
76、o far表示“至今为止”，仍然在说明磷酸氯喹的效果良好。故选C项。【46题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：多个部门召开一次视频会议，听取药物研究和临床专家的意见。A. turn down拒绝；B. listen to听；C. engage in从事于；D. argue about争论。空白处缺少动词，而其宾语为opinions，根据“ called a video conference”应该是召开会议并听取意见。故选B项。【47题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：钟南山，一位杰出的呼吸病学专家，同时也是中国工程院院士。A. respectful恭敬的；B. conventional传统的；C.
77、spiritual精神的；D. distinguished卓越的。根据对于钟南山的了解，无疑他是非常优秀、非常杰出的一个人。故选D项。【48题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：之前的体外实验表明该药物能阻止病毒的传染。A. invasion入侵；B. investigations调查；C. infections感染；D. cultivation培养，耕种。根据下文解释的干扰病毒受体的手段，可以推断磷酸氯喹应该是切断了病毒的传染途径。故选C项。【49题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这也表明了免疫调节活动可能会加强体内的抗病毒效果，并在整个体内广泛分布。A. undermine破坏；B. enhanc
78、e提高，加强；C. impose强加，征税；D. withhold保留，抑制。根据“It also shows immune-modulating (调节) activity”可知，这里解释药物的机理，免疫调节活动应当是对身体有益的，所以对抗病毒效果有所增益。故选B项。【50题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这也表明了免疫调节活动可能会加强体内的抗病毒效果，并在整个体内广泛分布。A. distributed分布，分散；B. reflected反映，反射；C. extinguished熄灭，压制；D. substituted替代。这里的地点状语是in the whole body，容易想到应该指全
79、身都会出现免疫调节，尤其是在肺部，从而改善身体状况。故选A项。Section B (32)Directions: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage
80、you have just read.(A)The African elephant will disappear within two decades if urgent action is not taken to save one of the worlds most iconic animal species, the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) has warned in a new campaign fundraiser.The population of these elephantsthe largest animal currently
81、walking the earthhas declined by 70 percent in the last 40 years, in large part because of the illegal ivory trade, which is the biggest driver of elephant poaching, according to the non-profit.In fact, 20,000 elephants are killed every year to feed this tradewhich is equivalent to one death every 2
82、6 minutes.Once an elephant is killed, poachers harvest the ivory to meet a growing demand for products made from this material. Ivory can be turned into ornaments and decorations, as well as being used in traditional Asian medicine for its intended therapeutic value. Elephants are also sometimes kil
83、led to provide a source of meat.This poaching takes place despite a global ban on ivory sales under the CITES multilateral treaty (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) which was introduced in 1990. Above the poachers are powerful organized criminal net
84、works which commonly engage in corruption, money laundering and assassinations.Part of the issue in policing the problem is that the governments of nations where Africans elephants live often lack sufficient resources to protect and monitor elephant herds, which often reside in remote and inaccessib
85、le habitats. When the animals are killed, they often suffer a brutal death.African elephants are found in 37 countries across the continent and are categorized as “vulnerable” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) with a remaining population of around 415,000 in the wild, acco
86、rding to WWF.These animals play a crucial role in the ecosystem, helping to maintain healthy habitats for many other species. This is because African elephants help to disperse seeds.The population of African elephantswhich are split into two subspeciesonce numbered between three and five million du
87、ring the last century. However, this figure has fallen dramatically as a result of poaching and other factors, such as habitat fragmentation or loss.51. The word “poaching” (paragraph 2) probably means _.A. desperate desireB. severe damageC. illegal huntingD. cruel killing52. What is the main reason
88、 for the sharp decline in the number of African elephants？A. They were hunted by other animals.B. They failed to survive the natural disasters.C. There is no suitable living environment.D. They were illegally traded for ivory.53. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. Absence of b
89、ans or regulations on ivory sales is the biggest driver of elephant poaching.B. Elephants living in remote habitats are less vulnerable than those living in nations with adequate resources.C. If the African elephant disappear, the ecosystem there is likely to be ruined.D. African elephant herbs usua
90、lly migrated in large population.54. Whats the best title for this passage?A. African Elephants Will Be Gone in The FutureB. African Elephants, Leading Role in EcosystemC. The Population of African ElephantsD. Different Types of African Elephants【答案】51. C 52. D 53. C 54. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于人类的
91、破坏行为，如果不采取紧急行动，非洲象将在未来的20年内消失。【51题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章第二段“the largest animal currently walking the earthhas declined by 70 percent in the last 40 years, in large part because of the illegal ivory trade”可知，大象数量下降很大程度上是因为非法象牙贸易，从而根据后句的非限定性定语可以猜测，因为非法象牙贸易的存在，成为大象偷猎的最大推动力。所以poaching的含义为“偷猎”之意。故选C。【52题详解】细节理解题。
92、根据文章第二段“The population of these elephantsthe largest animal currently walking the earthhas declined by 70 percent in the last 40 years, in large part because of the illegal ivory trade, which is the biggest driver of elephant poaching(这些大象的数量目前地球上最大的动物已经在过去40年里下降了70%，很大程度上是因为非法象牙贸易，这是大象偷猎的最大推动力。)”和文
93、章第四段“Once an elephant is killed, poachers harvest the ivory to meet a growing demand for products made from this material. Ivory can be turned into ornaments and decorations, as well as being used in traditional Asian medicine for its intended therapeutic value. (一旦一头大象被杀死，偷猎者就会捕获象牙，以满足人们对这种材料制成的产品日
94、益增长的需求。象牙可以做成装饰品和装饰品，也可以用于传统的亚洲医学中，因为它具有预期的治疗价值。)”可知，非洲象数量急剧下降的主要原因是非法买卖象牙。故选D。【53题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“These animals play a crucial role in the ecosystem, helping to maintain healthy habitats for many other species. This is because African elephants help to disperse seeds.( 这些动物在生态系统中扮演着至关重要的角色，帮助维持许
95、多其他物种的健康栖息地。这是因为非洲象帮助散播种子。)”可推断出，如果非洲象消失了，那里的生态系统很可能会被破坏。故选C。【54题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The African elephant will disappear within two decades if urgent action is not taken to save one of the worlds most iconic animal species, the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) has warned in a new campaign fundraiser.(
96、世界自然基金会在一项新的筹款活动中警告说，如果不采取紧急行动来拯救世界上最具标志性的动物之一非洲象，非洲象将在20年内消失。)”及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了由于人类的破坏行为，如果不采取紧急行动，非洲象将在未来的20年内消失。所以这篇文章最好的题目是“非洲象将在未来消失”，故选A。【点睛】阅读理解通常都会出现词义猜测题，要求考生从上下文理解中概括出生词或短语的词义。考生作此类题型时，首先要找到所猜测词所在文章的位置，然后在理解文章大意的基础之上，对此词前后句反复研读，最后根据前后句猜测出词义。例如小题1要求猜测出poaching的含义，就是根据文章第二段“the largest animal
97、 currently walking the earthhas declined by 70 percent in the last 40 years, in large part because of the illegal ivory trade”可知，大象数量下降很大程度上是因为非法象牙贸易，从而根据后句的非限定性定语可以猜测，因为非法象牙贸易的存在，成为大象偷猎的最大推动力。从而推测出poaching的含义为“偷猎”之意。 (B)Kobe Bryant was one of nine people killed in a helicopter crash on 26, Jan. 201
98、9. He was 41. His 13-year-old daughter Gianna was also killed in the crash. Bryant was one of the greatest NBA players of all-time and an icon in the sports world. In addition to his success on the basketball court, Bryant was known for a ceaseless work ethic and incredible drive.In honor of Bryants
99、 legacy, here are some inspiring quotes from Bryant on hard work, success, and life.On achieving success:“When you make a choice and say, Come hell or high water, I am going to be this, then you should not be surprised when you are that. It should not be something that is intoxicating or out of char
100、acter because you have seen this moment for so long that when that moment comes, of course it is here because it has been here the whole time, because it has been in your mind the whole time.”On failure:“I dont mean to sound cavalier when I say that, but never. Its basketball. Ive practiced and prac
101、ticed and played so many times. Theres nothing truly to be afraid of, when you think about it Because Ive failed before, and I woke up the next morning, and Im OK. People say bad things about you in the paper on Monday, and then on Wednesday, youre the greatest thing since sliced bread. Ive seen tha
102、t cycle, so why would I be nervous about it happening?”On life:“Theres a choice that we have to make as people, as individuals. If you want to be great at something there is a choice you have to make. We can all be masters at our craft, but you have to make a choice. What I mean by that is, there ar
103、e inherent sacrifices that come along with that family time, hanging out with your friends, being a great friend, being a great son, nephew, whatever the case may be. There are sacrifices that come along with that.”On retiring and facing the end of his basketball career:“There is beauty in that. I m
104、ean, its going through the cycle. I mean, its the cycle that is the natural progression of growth, of maturation. I mean, theres no sadness in that I see the beauty in not being able to blow past defenders anymore, you know what I mean? I see the beauty in getting up in the morning and being in pain
105、 because I know all the hard work that it took to get to this point. So, Im not, Im not sad about it. Im very appreciative of what Ive had.”55. What is the attitude of Kobe Bryant towards achieving success by saying “Come hell or high water, I am going to be this”?A. ConfidentB. DeterminedC. Optimis
106、ticD. Frightened56. The word “cavalier” in the 3rd paragraph probably means _.A. not serious or caringB. anxious and eagerC. worried and pessimisticD. not proud or arrogant57. When it comes to failure, Kobe Bryant tended to _.A. fight against those who said bad things about him.B. worry about others
107、 comments on his performance.C. cheer for himself by regarding himself as the greatest figure.D. show no fear facing ups and downs.58. What can be inferred from the passage?A. People paid tribute to Kobe Bryant for his success on the basketball court.B. Kobe Bryant devoted more of his life to basket
108、ball instead of accompanying his family.C. Kobe Bryant regarded his retirement as the beginning of another career.D. Kobe Bryant felt emotionless when facing the end of his basketball career.【答案】55. B 56. A 57. D 58. B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了逝去的NBA历史上最伟大的球员之一科比布莱恩特关于努力、成功和生活的一些鼓舞人心的语录。【55题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中wh
109、en that moment comes, of course it is here because it has been here the whole time, because it has been in your mind the whole time. 当那个时刻到来的时候，它就在这里，因为它一直在这里，因为它一直在你的脑海里。可知，科比对成功的态度对成功的态度是有决心的。故选B项。【56题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段中Its basketball. Ive practiced and practiced and played so many times. Theres nothi
110、ng truly to be afraid of, when you think about it 这是篮球。我练习了很多次，很多次，很多次。当你仔细想想，其实没什么好害怕的由科比说自己练习了很多次，可知他对失败并不是说漫不经心或者不在意的，因此猜测划线词cavalier意为“漫不经心的，不在意的”。故选A项。【57题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中Because Ive failed before, and I woke up the next morning, and Im OK. People say bad things about you in the paper on Monday,
111、 and then on Wednesday, youre the greatest thing since sliced bread. 因为我以前也失败过，第二天早上醒来，我没事。人们在星期一的报纸上说你的坏话，然后在星期三，你是自切片面包以来最伟大的事物。可知，当谈到失败的时候，科比并不害怕面对起起落落。故选D项。【58题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中We can all be masters at our craft, but you have to make a choice. What I mean by that is, there are inherent sacrifice
112、s that come along with that family time, hanging out with your friends, being a great friend, being a great son, nephew, whatever the case may be. There are sacrifices that come along with that. 我们都可以成为技艺上的大师，但你必须做出选择。我的意思是，随之而来的是一些内在的牺牲家庭时间，和朋友一起玩，做一个好朋友，做一个好儿子，好侄子，不管是什么情况。这也会带来一些牺牲。可知，科比将更多的时间奉献给了
113、篮球，而不是陪伴家人。故选B项。(C)Mental illness and disability were family problems for English people living between 1660 and 1800. Most women and men who suffered from mental illness were not institutionalized as this was the period before the extensive building of mental hospitals. Instead, they were housed at
114、 home, and cared for by other family members.Now a new study by Cambridge historian Dr. Elizabeth Foyster will reveal the impact on families of caring for mentally ill and disabled relatives.Much has been written about the insane themselves but few studies have considered mental illness from the per
115、spective of the carers. The lifetime burden of caring for those individuals whose mental development did not progress beyond childhood, and who contemporaries labeled as idiots or fools, has been little explored by historians. Foysters research, which has been funded by the Leverhulme Trust, will ca
116、refully examine the emotional and economic consequences for families at a time when the Poor Law bound them to look after their mentally ill and disabled family members.By asking key questions about the impact of care in the community in the 18th century, Foyster hopes that her research will bridge
117、social and medical history. Specifically, she aims to provide an historical perspective for contemporary debates such as how resources can be stretched to provide for children with learning difficulties and an aging population.“The stresses and strains of family were worsened by high infant mortalit
118、y and low life expectancy, and many individuals were pushed towards mental breakdown,” she explained. “Moreover, inherited conditions, senility(高龄) and what today would be described as special needs could put great emotional demands on family members who had primary responsibility for their sick or
119、disabled relatives.”The research will shed light upon how caring for the mentally ill and disabled raised difficult issues for families about the limits of intergenerational responsibility, and whether family ties were weakened or strengthened by the experience. The questions of how far shame was at
120、tached to having insanity or idiocy within a family, and at what point families began to seek outside help, will also be addressed.“The family must have seemed an inescapable feature of daily life between 1660 and 1800,” said Foyster. “Although there were those who were abandoned and rejected, for t
121、he majority, mental disability was accommodated within the family unit. I aim to get to the heart of what this really meant for peoples lives.”59. Which is NOT the reason why those mentally ill and disabled were not institutionalized from 1660 to 1800?A. Mental illness and disability were family pro
122、blems then.B. The extensive building of mental hospitals didnt start yet.C. They were abandoned by the government and the family.D. The family would be found guilty if they didnt care for them.60. Why does Foyster want to carry out this study?A. Because it can provide some food for thought for some
123、current social issues.B. Because the stresses and strains of family life have driven many people crazy.C. Because shes looking for ways to communicate with the sick or disabled people.D. Because the limits of intergenerational responsibility in such families, interest her.61. Which question will NOT
124、 be studied in the research?A. How should resources today be stretched to provide for an aging population?B. How did caring for the sick and disabled affect the familys earning power?C. How shameful did a family feel when their insane or disabled relatives were found out?D. At what point did those f
125、amilies have to begin to look for outside help?62. The passage is written in order to _.A. reveal the impact on families of caring for mentally ill and disabled relativesB. provide an historical perspective to contemporary debatesC. shed light upon whether family ties were weakened or strengthenedD.
126、 introduce a new historical study carried out by a Cambridge historian【答案】59. C 60. A 61. A 62. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了剑桥历史学家伊丽莎白福斯特博士的一项新研究将揭示照顾精神病患者和残疾亲属对家庭的影响。【59题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“as this was the period before the extensive building of mental hospitals.”可知，这是在精神病院广泛建立之前的时期，根据第一段中的“Instead, they wer
127、e housed at home, and cared for by other family members.”可知，相反，他们被安置在家里，由其他家庭成员照顾（当时精神疾病和残疾主要是家庭问题），根据第三段中的“at a time when the Poor Law bound them to look after their mentally ill and disabled family members.”可知，当时的济贫法规定家庭必须照顾患有精神疾病和残疾的家庭成员（不照顾他们就会被判有罪），以上三点是1660年至1800年精神病患者和残疾人没有被收容的原因，文中并没有提到原因是他们
128、被政府和家庭遗弃。故C项正确。【60题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的Specifically, she aims to provide an historical perspective for contemporary debates such as how resources can be stretched to provide for children with learning difficulties and an aging population”可知，具体地说，她旨在为当代的争论提供一个历史视角，例如如何利用资源为有学习困难和人口老龄化的儿童提供帮助。由此可知，她进行这项研究
129、的原因是它能为当前的社会问题提供一些发人深思的东西。故A项正确。【61题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“will carefully examine the emotional and economic consequences for families at a time when the Poor Law bound them to look after their mentally ill and disabled family members.”可知，该研究将仔细研究在济贫法规定家庭必须照顾他们的精神病和残疾家庭成员的情况下照顾精神病患者和残疾人给家庭造成的经济后果，再根据倒数第二段
130、中的“The questions of how far shame was attached to having insanity or idiocy within a family, and at what point families began to seek outside help, will also be addressed.”可知，我们还将讨论家庭中的精神错乱或白痴与羞耻感之间的关系，以及家庭在什么时候开始寻求外界帮助的问题，以上三个方面是该项研究要研究的内容，而没有提到要研究当今的资源应如何用于应对人口老龄化。故A项正确。【62题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Now a ne
131、w study by Cambridge historian Dr. Elizabeth Foyster will reveal the impact on families of caring for mentally ill and disabled relatives.”可知，本文主要介绍了剑桥历史学家伊丽莎白福斯特博士的一项新研究将揭示照顾精神病患者和残疾亲属对家庭的影响，本文的目的就是介绍这项新的历史研究。故D项正确。【点睛】涉及到文章意图的推理判断题难度较大，抓住文章主题是关键，例如本篇第4题，根据第二段“Now a new study by Cambridge historian
132、 Dr. Elizabeth Foyster will reveal the impact on families of caring for mentally ill and disabled relatives.”可知，本文主要介绍了剑桥历史学家伊丽莎白福斯特博士的一项新研究将揭示照顾精神病患者和残疾亲属对家庭的影响，因此本文的目的就是介绍这项新的历史研究。故D项正确。(D)“I have slept on the Embankment (河堤),” wrote George Orwell in 1933, adding that, despite the noise and the we
133、t and the cold, it was “much better than not sleeping at all.” Under the nearby Charing Cross bridge, Orwell reported that “50 men were waiting, mirrored in the shivering puddles.” Nine decades on and Charing Cross and the Embankment are once again full of rough sleepers, even during the coldest day
134、s of December. Across London their numbers have more than tripled since 2010.It is a pattern found in much of the rich world. Almost every European country is seeing a rise in the number of homeless people. Homelessness across America is in decline but it is soaring in its most prosperous cities. An
135、d roughly 5,000 people live on the streets of San Francisco, a 19% rise in just two years.However, some rich, successful cities, including Tokyo and Munich, have few people living on the streets. These places offer lessons on how to reduce homelessness. One is that tough love can sometimes work. Con
136、servatives argue that softer policing methods in the 1970s, including not being strict to public drunkenness, were in part responsible for the rise in homelessness. The world could learn something from Greece, where strong family networks ensure that those down on their luck find someone to take the
137、m in. Many experts argue that it is counterproductive to give money to someone begging on the street.Yet stricter methods will ultimately do little if housing costs remain high, which is the underlying reason for rising homelessness. Few Americans lived on the streets in the early post-war period be
138、cause housing was cheaper. Back then only one in four tenants spent more than 30% of their income on rent, compared with one in two today. The best evidence suggests that a 10% rise in housing costs in a pricy city causes an 8% jump in homelessness.The state can do something to help. Cuts to rent su
139、bsidies for Britains poor are probably the biggest reason why Charing Cross has so many people sleeping on the streets once again. Making such subsidies more generous might actually save governments money in the medium term after all, demands on health-care services and the police would decline. Peo
140、ple would also be more likely to land a job.Another option is for the state to build more housing itself. In Singapore, 80% of residents live in government-built flats which they buy at knock-down prices. While many countries have been privatizing their stock of public housing, Finland has been buil
141、ding more of it, giving the government the necessities to put homeless people in their own apartments rather than warehousing them in shelters. In Finland the homeless numbers are moving in the right direction.The most effective reform, however, would be to make building more homes easier. In many c
142、ountries NIMBYist (邻避主义者) planning rules vastly inflate the market price of shelter. Such rules should be abolished. Japan loosened planning rules, prompting residential construction to jump. Since then, the number of rough sleepers has fallen by 80% in 20 years in Tokyo. Until cities elsewhere let
143、the buildings go up, more people will find themselves down and out.63. The writer quotes the words of George Orwell in Paragraph 1 to _.A. describe the poor situation of the homeless in 1933.B. emphasize the large number of the rough sleepers.C. unveil the difficulty of solving the problem of the ho
144、meless.D. introduce the current problem of homelessness in the rich world.64. Which of the following is the main reason for rising number of the homeless?A. prosperity of the rich world.B. generosity towards the homeless.C. outrageous housing cost.D. privatization of the public housing.65. Which of
145、the following is Not True, according to this passage?A. In Finland and Singapore, the number of the homeless was reduced by building more public housing and apartments.B. Greece prioritized offering tough love over giving money directly to the beggars to comfort them.C. NIMBYist supported the govern
146、ment to abolish the inappropriate housing rules and make building more houses easier.D. British governments cutting the rent subsidies for the poor contributes to the increasing number of the rough sleepers.66. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Reasons for the rising homeless in the rich world
147、.B. Ways to cut homelessness in the worlds priciest cities.C. Different reaction of different countries towards the homeless.D. Comparison of the housing cost in impoverished and rich countries.【答案】63. D 64. C 65. C 66. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，欧洲发达国家的无家可归者人数都在增加，并简述了其原因和可能的解决办法。【63题详解】推理判断题。由第一段的“I have
148、slept on the Embankment (河堤),” wrote George Orwell in 1933, adding that, despite the noise and the wet and the cold, it was “much better than not sleeping at all.” Under the nearby Charing Cross bridge, Orwell reported that “50 men were waiting, mirrored in the shivering puddles.” ”（“我睡在河堤上，”乔治奥威尔在1
149、933年写道，他补充说，尽管有噪音、潮湿和寒冷，但“总比不睡觉要好得多。”在附近的查令十字桥下，奥威尔报告说“有50个人在等着，在颤抖的水坑里倒映着。），第一段的最后一句“Across London their numbers have more than tripled since 2010.”（自2010年以来，整个伦敦的这一数字增长了两倍多。）和第二段前两句“It is a pattern found in much of the rich world. Almost every European country is seeing a rise in the number of hom
150、eless people.”（这是发达国家普遍存在的一种模式。几乎每个欧洲国家的无家可归者人数都在增加。），可推断出作者想介绍目前富裕国家的无家可归问题。故选D项。【64题详解】细节理解题。由第四段第一句“Yet stricter methods will ultimately do little if housing costs remain high, which is the underlying reason for rising homelessness.”（然而，如果住房成本居高不下，更为严格的措施最终将收效甚微，而这正是无家可归者人数不断上升的根本原因。），可知无家可归者人数增加
151、的主要原因是房价高得离谱。故选C项。【65题详解】细节理解题。由倒数第二段的“In Singapore, 80% of residents live in government-built flats which they buy at knock-down prices. While many countries have been privatizing their stock of public housing, Finland has been building more of it, giving the government the necessities to put homel
152、ess people in their own apartments rather than warehousing them in shelters.”（在新加坡，80%的居民住在政府建造的公寓里，他们以低价购买。尽管许多国家已将其公共住房私有化，芬兰却在建造更多的公共住房，使政府有必要将无家可归者安置在自己的公寓中，而不是将他们安置在庇护所中。），可知芬兰和新加坡通过建造更多的公共住房和公寓减少了无家可归者的数量，A项正确；由第三段中的“The world could learn something from Greece, where strong family networks ens
153、ure that those down on their luck find someone to take them in. Many experts argue that it is counterproductive to give money to someone begging on the street.”（全世界都可以从希腊学到一些东西，那里强大的家庭网络确保那些倒霉的人能找到合适的人接纳他们。许多专家认为，把钱给在街上乞讨的人会适得其反。），可知希腊优先考虑的是提供强硬的爱，而不是直接给乞丐钱来安慰他们，B项正确；由倒数第三段的“Cuts to rent subsidies f
154、or Britains poor are probably the biggest reason why Charing Cross has so many people sleeping on the streets once again.”（削减对英国穷人的房租补贴，可能是查林克罗斯让这么多人再次睡在大街上的最大原因。），可知英国政府削减对穷人的房租补贴减少无家可归者的数量，D项正确；C项“NIMBYist支持政府废除不适当的住房规定，使建造更多的房屋更容易。”文中未提及。故选C项。【66题详解】主旨大意题。文章第一二段，讲“欧洲发达国家无家可归人数在增长”，第三四段讲“无家可归人数增长的
155、原因”，第五六七段讲“减少无家可归人数的办法”，本文围绕无家可归者展开，着重讲“减少世界上最昂贵城市无家可归现象的方法”。故选B项。Section C (8)Directions: Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Almost 90% of people
156、are biased against women, according to a new index that highlights the shocking extent of the global backlash towards gender equality.Despite progress in closing the equality gap, 91% of men and 86% of women hold at least one bias against women in relation to politics, economics, education, violence
157、 or reproductive rights.The first gender social norm index analyzed data from 75 countries that, collectively, are home to more than 80% of the global population. It found that almost half of the people surveyed felt men were superior political leaders and that more than 40% believed men made better
158、 business executives. _67_.The U.N. Development Program (U.N.D.P.), which published its findings on March 5, is calling on governments to introduce laws and policies that address deep-rooted prejudice.We all know we live in a male-dominated world, but with this report, we are able to put some number
159、s behind these biases, said Pedro Conceio, director of the U.N.D.P.s human development report office. And I consider these numbers shocking. What our report shows is a pattern that repeats itself again and again. _68_, but when we go deeper, we seem to be hitting a wall._69_. While in many countries
160、, these biases were shrinking, in many others, the biases were actually increasing, he pointed out.The figures are based on two sets of data collected from almost 100 countries through the World Values Survey, which examines changing attitudes in almost 100 countries and how they impact on social an
161、d political life. The figures cover periods from 2005-09 and 2010-14, the latest year for which data is available._70_. But while more than 50% of people in Andorra, Australia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway and Sweden were free from gender prejudice, even in those places the pattern was not o
162、ne of complete progress.Sweden, for example, was one of several countries in which the percentage of people who held at least one bias increased over the nine years the data covered. More than half of the people in the U.K. and the U.S. held at least one bias.A. Of the 75 countries studied, there we
163、re only six in which the majority of the people surveyed held no bias towards women.B. Conceio said the data shows that opinions and expectations in society about the role of women were prejudiced against them.C. Conceio pointed out that gender discrimination is increasingly destroy the social welfa
164、re in many aspects.D. Perhaps more alarmingly, almost a third of men and women think its acceptable for a man to beat his wife.E. The figures serve as a warning towards the social mechanism of developed countries.F. Big progress has been made in more basic areas of participation and empowerment.【答案】
165、67. D 68. F 69. B 70. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项新的指数显示，在参与调查的75个国家的数据中有近90%的人对女性存在偏见。联合国开发计划署公布了调查结果并呼吁各国政府出台法律和政策去解决根深蒂固的偏见问题。【67题详解】根据上一句It found that almost half of the people surveyed felt men were superior political leaders and that more than 40% believed men made better business executives. 调查发现，近一半
166、的受访者认为男性是更优秀的政治领袖，超过40%的人认为男性是更好的企业高管。可知，此处内容与调查结果显示男女地位不平等有关，选项D“或许更令人担忧的是，近三分之一的男性和女性认为男人打妻子是可以接受的。”符合题意。故选D。【68题详解】根据上一句What our report shows is a pattern that repeats itself again and again. 我们的报告显示的是一种一再重复的模式。以及下一句but when we go deeper, we seem to be hitting a wall. 但当我们进一步深入时，我们似乎遇到了障碍。可知，此处内容
167、与在争取女性的相关权利时取得的成就和遇到的问题有关，选项F“在参与和赋权等更基本的领域已经取得了重大进展，”符合题意。故选F。【69题详解】根据下一句While in many countries, these biases were shrinking, in many others, the biases were actually increasing, he pointed out. 他指出，在许多国家，这种偏见在缩小，而在其他许多国家，这种偏见实际上在增加。可知，此处内容与Conceicao根据数据发现社会对女性的偏见有关，选项B“Conceicao说，这些数据表明，社会对女性角色的
168、看法和期望对她们存有偏见。”符合题意。故选B。【70题详解】根据下一句But while more than 50% of people in Andorra, Australia, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway and Sweden were free from gender prejudice, even in those places the pattern was not one of complete progress.虽然在安道尔、澳大利亚、荷兰、新西兰、挪威和瑞典，超过50%的人没有性别歧视，但即使在这些地方，这种模式也没有取得完全的进
169、展。可知，此处内容与只有6个国家有超过50%的人没有性别歧视有关，选项A“在被调查的75个国家中，只有6个国家的大多数受访者对女性没有偏见。”符合题意。故选A。. Summary Writing (10)71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Imagine living on the edge of a
170、vast desert, which is moving quietly closer to your village every day and covering your fields. The desert is on the move. This is called desertification.Desertification occurs in regions close to an already existing desert. It generally arises from two related causes. The first is over-use of water
171、 in the area. There is not enough water in any case, and if it is not carefully used, disaster can follow. As time goes on, water shortages make farming more and more difficult. In some places, locals can remember local lakes and marshes which were once the homes for all kinds of fish and birds. The
172、y have been completely buried by the sand now. Farmers leave the land, and fields are replaced by deserts.The second cause is misuse or over-use of the land. This means that the wrong crops are planted and need more water than is available. Ploughing large fields and removing bushes and trees means
173、that the wind will blow away the soil. Once the soil is lost, it is hard to replace, and if there is rain, it has nowhere to go, and brings no benefit.It is not only the farmers and villagers who suffer. Every spring, the skies over some of eastern cities, thousands of kilometers away from the deser
174、ts, can be darkened by sandstorms. Dust from deserts can have a great effect on weather systems. While desertification is perhaps being partly caused by global warming, these sandstorms can make global warming worse by adding to what is known as the greenhouse effect.What can be done to slow down or
175、 stop the process of desertification? A great deal of work is already under way. Obviously first steps are to find new water sources. Tree planting can help, by providing barriers between desert and rich field. Some types of grass also hold the soil together, and stop the wind taking it. Without the
176、se efforts, it will be harder and harder to stop the worlds deserts in their tracks, and more and more farmers will give up and head for cities. The lesson to be learnt lies beneath the sand.【答案】Desertification, the tendency of desert moving and covering nearby fields, is mainly caused by overusing
177、water and misusing the land. It not only does harm to the residents but also has negative effects on weather systems. To deal with it, new water sources should be discovered, and trees and grasses can be planted to set barriers and solidify the soil.【解析】【分析】这是一篇概要写作。【详解】第一步第1步：阅读（1）认真阅读给定的原文材料，如果一遍不
178、能理解，就多读两遍；阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。（2）划出那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子；决定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了；对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。（3）简要地记下主要观点主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括概要写作重要的东西。第2步：写作步骤（1）.浏览课文，找出主题：沙漠化是沙漠向周边地区移动和覆盖的趋势，主要是水资源过度利用和土地利用不当造成的。 它不仅对居民造成危害，而且对天气系统也有负面影响。 为了解决这个问题，需要发现新的水源，种植树木和草，筑起屏障，固化土壤。（2）. 确定时态为：一般现在时。（3）. 确定人称为：第三人称。（4）. 分析文章的结构，
179、把它分成几个部分，找出每个部分的主要思想，用你自己的文字简短地写出来。本文主要分为三部分。第一部分：Desertification, the tendency of desert moving and covering nearby fields, is mainly caused by overusing water and misusing the land.（荒漠化是指沙漠向近郊迁移和覆盖的趋势，其主要原因是水资源的过度利用和土地的滥用。）第二部分：It not only does harm to the residents but also has negative effects o
180、n weather systems.( 它不仅对居民有害，也对天气系统有负面影响)第三部分：To deal with it, new water sources should be discovered, and trees and grasses can be planted to set barriers and solidify the soil.( 为 为了解决这个问题，需要发现新的水源，种植树木和草，筑起屏障，固化土壤)（1）.按照逻辑顺序组织将主要和相关的支持点用最短的连接词进行连接。如：before，after，besides.第3步：修改成文草稿拟好以后，对它进行修改。首先，与
181、原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了，概要写作中的观点是否与原文中的完全一致。其次，如果出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子，删除它们，保持语言简单明了。最后，检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。V. Translation (20)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 不可否认的是他用这个靠谱的方法扭转了局势。(apply) 373. 大家都想当然认为英雄都是流血不流泪的，其实不然。(granted) 474. 他的父母达成共识，要提
182、醒他适度使用电子产品，不要沉迷于网络游戏。(obsess) 475. 我们不仅在被他人质疑时要坚持自己的原则，在遭受他人歧视时也不要觉得低人一等。(Not only) 476. 虽然专家建议保持社交距离，美国政府却始终把重点放在复苏经济和刺激就业上，因此未能有效防止病毒的传播。(despite, failure) 5【答案】72. You cannot deny the truth that/ There is no denying that / It cant be denied that he reversed the trend by applying this reliable met
183、hod / strategy / means / approach. 73. It is taken for granted that / People take it for granted that / We often take it for granted that heroes shed blood instead of / rather than tears. / Heroes dont shed tears but blood, which is not the case / which is not true / but this is not true. 74. His pa
184、rents drew/ reached/ came to/ arrived at an agreement that they should remind him to use the electronic products in moderation and not to be obsessed with (playing) online games /instead of getting obsessed with online games. 75. Not only should we stick to our (own) principles when questioned/chall
185、enged by others, but (we) also shouldnt/neednt feel inferior to others when suffering their discrimination / undergoing discrimination from others. 76. Despite the social distancing recommended/suggested by experts / the fact that experts have recommend social distancing, American government/adminis
186、tration always put emphasis on/ keeps laying emphasis on recovering the economy and stimulating the employment / economic recovery and employment stimulation, thus leading to / which has caused its failure to effectively prevent the virus from spreading.【解析】【72题详解】考查动词用法及名词性从句。“不可否认”可以翻译为cannot deny
187、，后接名词the truth，名词后接同位语从句that he reversed the trend by applying this reliable method / strategy / means / approach.；也可以翻译为There is no denying that，denying为名词，后接同位语从句that he reversed the trend by applying this reliable method / strategy / means / approach.；也可以翻译为It cant be denied that，it作形式主语，that he
188、reversed the trend by applying this reliable method / strategy / means / approach.为真正主语。介词by后接动名词形式。故填You cannot deny the truth that/ There is no denying that / It cant be denied that he reversed the trend by applying this reliable method / strategy / means / approach.【73题详解】考查短语及名词性从句或定语从句。“想当然”用短语
189、take for granted；“而不是”用短语instead of / rather than；翻译时可以用It is taken for granted that，it作形式主语；或用People take it for granted that，it作形式宾语；或用We often take it for granted that，it作形式宾语；也可以用Heroes dont shed tears but blood作主句，后接非限定性定语从句which is not the case / which is not true或用转折词but连接but this is not true
190、.。故填It is taken for granted that / People take it for granted that / We often take it for granted that heroes shed blood instead of / rather than tears. / Heroes dont shed tears but blood, which is not the case / which is not true / but this is not true.【74题详解】考查短语及名词性从句。“达成共识”用短语draw/ reach/ come t
191、o/ arrive at an agreement；“提醒某人做某事” 用短语remind sb. to do；“沉迷于”用短语be/get obsessed with。翻译时可以用同位语从句修饰名词agreement。故填His parents drew/ reached/ came to/ arrived at an agreement that they should remind him to use the electronic products in moderation and not to be obsessed with (playing) online games /ins
192、tead of getting obsessed with online games.【75题详解】考查短语及倒装结构及非谓语动词。“不仅”用短语not only，放在句首，主句要用主谓倒装结构；“坚持”用短语stick to；逻辑主语we与动词question/challenge之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语；逻辑主语we与动词suffer之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填Not only should we stick to our (own) principles when questioned/challenged by others, but (we) also sho
193、uldnt/neednt feel inferior to others when suffering their discrimination / undergoing discrimination from others.【76题详解】考查介词用法及名词性从句及非谓语动词或定语从句。despite为介词，后接名词；名词distancing与动词recommend/suggest之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词做定语；或者介词despite后接名词fact，后接同位语从句，解释说明名词fact；短语“把重点放在”用短语put emphasis on/ lay emphasis on；短语“防止
194、”用短语prevent from；thus后用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果；或用which引导的非限定性定语从句。故填Despite the social distancing recommended/suggested by experts / the fact that experts have recommend social distancing, American government/administration always put emphasis on/ keeps laying emphasis on recovering the economy and stimulating the employment / economic recovery and employment stimulation, thus leading to / which has caused its failure to effectively prevent the virus from spreading.
