1、Unit 2 CloningSection Warming Up&ReadingLanguage Points一、将下列单词与所对应的英文解释连线1AltogetherAto promise or agree to do something2undertakeB animportantnewdiscoveryinsomething you are studying3obtainCconnected with the principles of what isright and wrong behaviour，and with the difference between goodand evi
2、l4moralDto get something that you want5breakthrough Ecompletely答案：1.E 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.B二、根据所给词性和汉语意思写出英语单词1_ vi.不同；相异_ adj.不同的_ n差异，区别2_ adj.商业的；贸易的_ n商业，贸易3_ vt.着手；从事；承担 _(过去式)_(过去分词)4_ vt.扔；投；掷_(过去式)_(过去分词)5_n改正；修正；纠正_ vt.改正；修正；纠正differdifferentdifferencecommercialcommerceundertakeundertookundertake
3、ncastcastcastcorrectioncorrect6_ vi.反对，不赞成_ n反对7_ n媒介；手段；工具_(pl.)媒体；传播媒介8_ vt.禁止；不准_(过去式)_(过去分词)9_ vt.积累；聚积_n积累；聚积10_ n携带者；搬运工；运输工具_ vt.携带；搬运objectobjectionmediummediaforbidforbade/forbadforbiddenaccumulateaccumulationcarriercarry根据汉语意思补全短语1make a copy _.复制2pay _ 取得成功，得到回报3grow _ 长成4cast _ 使沮丧5 _ a
4、storm of objections引起了强烈的反对ofoffintodownraise6have a great impact _.有重大影响7 _ everybodys eyes打开了人们的眼界8 _ moral questions提出了道德方面的问题9 _ legal systems改革司法制度10 _ favour of赞成；支持onopenraisereformin1它是一项很难完成的任务。It is a difficult task _.(动词不定式作后置定语。)2克隆植物简单，但克隆动物非常复杂。Cloning plants is straightforward _ cloni
5、ng animals isvery complicated.(while在句中用作并列连词，意为“然而；却”，连接并列分句，表示前后意义上的对比。)to undertakewhile3报纸报道说，尽管目前供克隆研究的人类卵细胞很难获得，但有些邪恶头目希望把自己克隆出来以实现他们的野心。_ at present human egg cells and embryos neededfor cloning research are difficult to obtain，newspapers wrote ofevil leaders hoping to clone themselves to att
6、ain their ambitions.(although引导让步状语从句。)Although4接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。_ the disturbing news that Dolly had becomeseriously ill.(时间状语then放在句首，句子使用了完全倒装结构。)Then camediffer vi.不同；相异(P10)Our tastes differ from each other.我们的嗜好不同。Im sorry to differ with you on that.对不起，在那一点上我与你看法不同。These two books differ in colo
7、urone is red，the other isblue.这两本书颜色不同，一本是红色的，另一本是蓝色的。The fact that I can now organize my own time makes a bigdifference.我现在可以安排自己的时间，这样情况就大不相同了。(1)differ from(be different from)与不同differ in(be different in)在方面不同differ with sb.on/about/over sth.与某人在某事上意见不同(2)different adj.不同的be different from.(in)与(
8、在方面)不同(3)difference n不同；差异make a difference区分；有关系；有影响；有重要作用it makes no difference to sb.对没有影响tell the difference between.and.区分和的不同1用适当的介词填空 The husband differs _ the wife _ whois to take charge of the money.People，however，differ _ their opinions on this matter.The climate here differs _ that of the
9、 south.withon/about/overinfromundertake v(undertook；undertaken)着手；从事；承担；保证(P11)It is a difficult task to undertake.这是一项很难完成的任务。She undertook the responsibility for these changes.她承担了做出这些改变的责任。He undertook to pay the money back in one month.他答应在一个月之内还钱。I can undertake that you will enjoy the trip.我保证
10、你会喜欢这次旅行。(1)undertake a task/responsibility承担任务/责任undertake to do sth.同意、答应或着手做某事undertake for.为负责undertake thatclause保证(2)undertaking n任务；事业；企业2完成句子 我将保证你的安全。Ill _ your security.她负责整个项目的组织工作。She _ of the whole project.undertake forundertook the organization workbreakthrough n重大进展，突破(P11)Scientists
11、have achieved/made a major breakthrough incancer research.科学家们在癌症研究中取得重大突破。The two sides have achieved a significant breakthrough innegotiations.双方在谈判中取得重大进展。You will break down sooner or later if you work like this.如果你这样工作下去，你的身体迟早要垮掉的。I think you must break away from the bad habits at once.我认为你必须立
12、刻改掉那些坏习惯。They hope to break through soon in this research.他们希望这项研究不久能取得突破。break through作出新的重大发现，冲破；突破；克服；战胜break away from摆脱；脱离break down出故障，抛锚；垮掉；分解；失败break up(婚姻关系)破裂；(学校)放假；会议结束；(朋友)分手；驱散；解散break out(战争、火灾等)突然爆发；发生break off折断；打断；隔绝；突然中止break into破门而入break in侵入，强行闯入；打断The bridge _.The cattle have
13、_ the fence.His house was _ last night.A fire _ during the night.3用下列短语的正确形式填空。break through，break down，break into，break outbroke downbroken throughbroken intobroke outaltogether adv.(P12)(1)总共(表示总数或总额，多修饰数词)。Altogether Dolly lived six and a half years，half the lengthof the life of the original shee
14、p.多莉总共存活了六年半，这是它原型羊寿命的一半。Altogether，about 50 NATO aircraft took part in theattack.总共大约50架北约飞机参加了这次袭击。(2)完全地，全部地(相当于completely)。Thetrain wentslowerandsloweruntil itstoppedaltogether.火车越来越慢，最后完全停了。(3)总而言之(常作插入语)The food was good and we loved the music.Altogether itwas a great evening.食物不错，音乐我们也喜欢。总之，那
15、天晚上我们过得很愉快。all together是副词短语，意为“全体一起”。All together now sing：“Happy birthday to you.”现在大家一齐唱：“祝你生日快乐”4完成句子 你一共欠我80美元。You owe me$80 _.那是完全不可能的。Its _ out of the question.班上共有50名学生。There are _ students in the class.altogetheraltogetheraltogether/all together 50objection n反对；不赞成；异议(P12)I have no objectio
16、n to this matter.这个问题我没有反对意见。Has anyone got any objection to the plan?有人对这个计划有异议吗？My mother objected to my taking part in the activity.母亲反对我参加这个活动。At the meeting he raised an objection to my proposal.在会议上他对我的提议表示反对。(1)raise an objection to sth.对提出异议have/make/raise/take an objection to(doing)sth.反对某事
17、(2)object v反对；不赞成object to sth./sb.反对某事/某人object to doing sth.反对干某事object to sb.doing sth.反对某人干某事object that.反对I object我反对(用于正式会议或商谈等中)(3)object n物体，目的，目标(4)objective adj.客观的His object of studying English is to know more aboutEngland and the English people.他学习英语的目的是更多地了解英国和英国人民。I saw an object in th
18、e sky，but I didnt know what it was.我看见天空中有个物体，可是我不知道它是什么。5完成句子 We _.(不赞成惩罚整个小组)for one persons fault.We _(抗议受到如此的待遇)He _ going to school so early.他强烈反对这么早去上学。I could _.(看到远处有个黑色的东西)object to punishing a whole groupobject to being treated like thishas a strong objection tosee a dark object in the dis
19、tanceimpact n冲击；碰撞，撞击；影响(P12)The car hit the stone wall with great impact.汽车猛地撞在石墙上。Her speech made a tremendous impact on everyone.她的演说对大家震动很大。Despite this fact，French still had an impact on theEnglish language.尽管如此，法语还是对英语产生了影响。(1)on impact冲击的瞬间(2)have/makeanimpact against/on.对冲击/冲撞(3)have/makeani
20、mpact on.对有强烈的影响/印象(4)have an effect on.对有影响/效果(5)have/make an impression on.对有印象(6)impact vt.对产生影响；冲击The incident had a strong impact on the residents.那事件给居民带来强烈的影响。The medicine had a good effect on me.那种药对我有良好功效。The book made a deep impression on him.这本书留给他深刻的印象。6完成句子 What he did _.(对他的同学影响很大)All
21、colour fadesespecially _(在阳光直射的影响下)_(汽车受撞击起火)andsome of the victims were killed.had a great impact on his classmatesunder the impact of directsunlightThe car caught fire on impactobtain vt.(尤指经过努力)获得；赢得(P12)My brother worked hard and obtained a scholarship.我的弟弟努力学习并获得了奖学金。I finally managed to obtain
22、 a copy of the report.我最终设法弄到了这份报告的一个副本。易混辨析obtain/attain/gain/acquire/earn/getobtain指经过努力或付出代价或经过很长时间得到所需要的东西，如obtain a scholarship/knowledge/money/a driverslicense/a degree等attain正式用语，指怀有较大抱负或较强烈的愿望，有意识地实现或达到一般人能力不易达到的目的，其宾语多为目的、理想或成就等。attain也可表示“到达”一定的水平、年龄或状况等gain指通过斗争、竞争或付出劳动而获得某种优势或达到某种目的，其宾语通
23、常是经验、优势、利益、好处等。acquire 指经过一点点的积累而获得，如获得知识、技能等。earn侧重于劳动或功劳的报酬，如赚得工资、荣誉、地位及奖赏等。get最常用，可指主动去“获得，得到”，也可能是被迫接受；有时指不一定需要主动性或付出很大努力就能得到。The country gained its independence ten years ago.这个国家十年前就赢得了独立。She has acquired a good knowledge of English.她英语已经学得很好了。7用obtain，gain，acquire，earn，get的适当形式填空 I look on it
24、 as an opportunity to _ fresh skills.I finally managed to _ a copy of the report.I sat in the front of the bus to _ a good view of thecountryside.As a teacher，she _ the respect and admirationof her students.A penny saved is a penny _.acquireobtaingethad earnedgainedforbid vt.(forbade，forbidden)禁止；不准
25、(P12)Smoking has been forbidden in public places in somecountries.在一些国家里公共场所已经禁止吸烟了。The law forbids the sale of cigarettes to people under theage of 16.法律禁止向16岁以下的人出售香烟。Her parents forbid her to go to net bars.她的父母禁止她去网吧。Women are forbidden from going out without a veil inthat country.在那个国家，妇女不戴面纱禁止
26、外出。(1)forbid sb.from doing sth.forbid sb.to do sth.禁止某人做某事forbid(doing)sth.禁止做某事forbid sb.sth 禁止某人得到某物(2)forbidden adj.禁止的，不准的forbidding adj.冷峻的，令人生畏的8完成句子 He _(不准他们谈论)about the subject again.We _(禁止把书带出)from the library without permission.forbids/forbade them to talk/from talkingforbid/forbade the
27、carriage of booksaccumulate(P12)(1)vt.积累；聚积 By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune.她投资精明，积累了一笔财富。The purpose of education is not just accumulatinginformation.教育的目的不仅仅是积累知识。(2)vi.(数量)逐渐增加；(质量)渐渐提高 Debts began to accumulate.债务开始增加。易混辨析accumulate/gather/collectHe gathered up his papers.他收拾好他的文件。
28、They collect stamps.他们收集邮票。accumulate特指东西的聚集成群。gather将分散的东西聚集在一起，普通用词。collect指为某一目的用心收集，且加以整理。9完成句子 他通过努力工作积蓄了一大笔财富。He _ by hard work.我不在期间，灰尘积聚了起来。_ during my absence.accumulated a fortuneDust accumulatedpay off(P11)(1)得到好结果；取得成功 If you keep trying，itll pay off.如果你继续尝试，最终会成功。Ten years of hard work
29、finally paid off and he became amillionaire.10年的艰苦工作终于有了结果，他成了百万富翁。(2)偿清(债务等)；付清Five years later，Mr Wang paid off the debts for his sonsschooling.5年后，王先生还清了儿子上学的债务。pay sb.sth.for sth.pay sth.to sb.for sth.付给某人作为的费用pay for sth.为某事吃苦头或受惩罚pay back偿还；报复pay out花费，支付(尤指巨款)pay up付清，还清，(尤指不情愿地)赔付Were waitin
30、g for the insurance company to pay up.我们在等保险公司赔付。10完成句子 经过十年艰辛之后，他们还清了欠款，而且他们的努力没有白费。After ten years of hard work，they _ all the debts andtheir efforts _.我记得昨天还你钱了，但忘记付给你的确切数目了。I remember _ yesterday but forget theexact amount.paid offpaid offpaying you backcast down沮丧；不愉快(P12)He was much cast down
31、by his failure to find work.他找不到工作十分沮丧。She was cast down by the marks she got in the exam.这次考试的成绩让她很沮丧。The bad news greatly cast me down.这个坏消息使我很沮丧。Dont be so cast down.Just keep up your spirits.不要这么沮丧，打起精神来。cast vt.扔；投；掷；向投以(视线等)cast out驱逐出去；赶走cast a shadow(在心理上)留下阴影cast off抛弃；丢弃cast away丢掉，浪费；流落；遭
32、船难cast aside抛弃；丢在一边cast about/around for sth.四处寻找；苦苦思索形象助记11用下列短语的正确形式填空cast away，cast off，cast out，cast about/around for sth.She has _ several precious chances in a month.You should never _ your time.He _ something to say.He claimed to have the power _ the enemy.cast offcast awaycast about/around f
33、orto cast outin favour of(be for)赞成；支持；有利于(P12)Im all in favour of equal pay for equal work.我完全支持同工同酬。There were 249 votes in favour of the plan and 125 against.有249票赞成这个计划，125票反对。The score was 4 to 1 in favour of the guest team.比分是4比1，客队获胜。He did her a great favour by giving her some valuablesugges
34、tions on her essay.他对她的文章提了一些有价值的建议，帮了她一个大忙。(1)do sb.a favourdo a favour for sb.给某人帮忙do sb.the favour to do sth.do sb.a favour by doing sth.帮忙做owe sb.a favour 欠某人情ask sb.a favourask a favour of sb.向某人求助in sb.s favour 对某人有利(2)“介词in名词介词of”型短语荟萃：in place of代替in praise of赞扬in need of需要in case of假使，如果in
35、search of寻找in the charge of由负责in charge of负责in possession of拥有in memory of为纪念in honor of为纪念，向表示敬意in terms of就来说；从角度in the possession of归所有in respect of关于；作为的报酬in the form of以的形式12完成句子 我永远都无法忘记我在上大学时老师给予我的帮助。I will never forget _ that my teacher _ when Iwas in college.比分是3比2，我们占优势。The score was 32 _.
36、请帮我关上窗户好吗？Would you please _ close the window?the favourdid mein our favourdo me the favour toCloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals isvery complicated.克隆植物简单，而克隆动物非常复杂。(P11)句中while作并列连词，意为“而，然而”，表示对比。I drink black coffee while he prefers coffee with milk.我喜欢喝黑咖啡，而他更喜欢喝加牛奶的咖啡。while
37、作连词时的用法：(1)并列连词：表示两种情况的对比，意为“而，然而”。(2)从属连词引导时间状语从句，作“当的时候”解，从句谓语动词用延续性动词。引导让步状语从句，作“虽然，尽管”解，从句常位于句首。While she was listening to the radio，she fell asleep.她听收音机的时候睡着了。(从属连词，引导时间状语从句)While he loves his students，he is very strict with them.虽然爱他的学生，但他对他们很严格。(从属连词，引导让步状语从句)13完成句子 他边吃边看电视。He watched TV _.虽
38、然我了解你的见解，我还是不能同意(你)。_ your viewpoint，I dont agree with you.while(he was)eatingWhile I understandThen came the disturbing news that Dolly had becomeseriously ill.接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。(P11)本句使用了完全倒装结构：Then came the disturbing news that the missing planecrashed into the ocean.然后传来了失踪飞机坠入大洋的坏消息。Now comes the h
39、our we have been looking forward to.我们盼望已久的时刻终于到来了。完全倒装的常见情况：(1)here，there，away，out等方位副词及now，then等时间副词位于句首，句子谓语动词为be，come，go，lie，run等动词，且句子的主语不是人称代词时，句子完全倒装。(2)为保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，可把介宾短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，并把句子的主语和谓语完全倒装。On the ground lay an old sick goat，which had gone intothe cave to die.地上躺着一只有病的老山羊，它是到洞
40、里等死的。In the middle of the mountain lies a temple dating fromTang Dynasty.山里有座始建于唐朝的庙。温馨提示：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不用完全倒装。Away it flew.它飞走了。14完成句子 老师进来了，然后开始上课了。_ the teacher and the lesson began.山顶上有一座破庙。On top of the hill _.铃响了，我们进入演讲大厅吧。_ the bell.Lets go into the lecture hall.出席会谈的是很多著名人士。Present at the conference _.In camestands an old templeThere goeswere many famous people点击进入WORD链接点击进入WORD链接谢谢观看！
