1、Unit 3Tomorrows world1、besides adv.&prep.除以外还，如同plus()。They all went there besides Tom.除汤姆去了以外，他们也都去了。I dont like the color of the dress.Besides,its too expensive.我不喜欢这裙子的颜色，另外它也太贵了。except 意思是“除了之外”。except for 是except引申出来的一个词组，它所指代的除去的部分和主题不是一个层次的。except 从句 除了 but prep.除了，相当于apart from;except apart
2、from 既可以相当于except for,又可以相当于besides I enjoy doing anything in the holiday except doing homework.假期里我什么都愿意干，就是不想做作业。Your article is quite good this time except for some spelling mistakes.你的文章很好，就是有几处拼写错误。(这里的文章和拼写错误不是一个层面上的东西)He never goes out except when he needs to buy something.除了需要买东西外，他从不出门。I co
3、uld come every day except Thursday.除了星期四，我每天都能来。Apart from the low salary,its not a bad job.除了薪水少了点，这工作不算差。I would go with you,_ I have to work that day.A.besidesB.exceptC.besides thatD.except thatD 那天如果我要工作则不能和你一起去，所以选择except，同时其后跟的是宾语从句，从句的结构与意义均完整，用连词that引导。2、injure vt.使受伤，损害They were slightly/se
4、riously/badly injured in the crash.在冲撞中，他们受到了轻伤/严重的伤。This could seriously injure the schools reputation.这件事严重地损害了学校的荣誉。injured adj.受伤的injury n.伤口，受伤处do an injury to sb.伤害某人an injured look/expression 一副委屈的样子/神色injured pride/feelings 受伤的自尊/感情hurt(身体部位)感到疼；(肉体上或精神上)受到伤害。wound 受伤(枪伤、刀伤等)，是出血且严重的伤，特指战场上受
5、的伤。harm 意指无形的伤害，“对有害”。injure 指损害健康、成就、容貌等，强调功能的丧失。My chest _ when I make a deep breath,doctor.A.harmsB.woundsC.hurtsD.injuresC 根据句意：我在深呼吸时会胸痛。其后没有宾语，只能用不及物动词hurt。3、escape vi.逃跑，逃脱 vt.逃脱，避免；记不起 n.逃跑，逃脱The soldiers escaped from the enemys prison.这个士兵从敌人的监狱逃出来。You are lucky to escape punishment(being p
6、unished)你避免受罚，真是幸运。He made his escape in disguise.他化装后逃走了。Ive met him before,but his name escaped me.我以前见过他，但我记不起他的名字。escape from 从逃脱；逃避 escape death 死里逃生 escape ones notice 没注意 narrow escape 九死一生 There is no escaping the fact that 不可否认的是 Mike often attempted to escape_whenever hebreaks traffic regu
7、lations.A.having been fined B.to have been finedC.to be finedD.being finedD 考查非谓语动词。escape后只接动名词。又由于非谓语动词的动作并不发生在escape之前，所以答案是D。4、accuse vt.&vi.指责，谴责；控诉Man often accuses nature for his own misfortunes.人类常把自身的不幸归罪于天。They accused him of taking bribes.他们指控他犯有贿赂罪。accuse sb.of sth./doing sth.指控，指责，责怪某人做
8、某事the accused 被告结构相似的短语：rob sb.of sth.抢走某人某物inform sb.of sth.通知/告诉某人某事warn sb.of sth.告诫某人某事remind sb.of/about sth./sb.使某人想起某人或某事Tom was _ of stealing the diamond in the supermarket.A.accused B.chargedC.accusingD.chargingA accuse sb.of doing sth./charge sb.with sth.指控某人做某事。1、give out 散发，用光，分发，筋疲力尽The
9、 flowers in the garden give out a pleasant smell.花园里的花散发出怡人的芳香。After climbing up to the top of the mountain,I gave out.在我爬上山顶之后，我就筋疲力尽了。In order to go to school,the 7yearold boy made money by giving out leaflets in the street.这个7岁的小男孩为了上学在街上发传单赚钱。give sth.back 将某事物归还原主；恢复，回复give away 赠送；分发(奖品等)；让与；泄
10、露，暴露give up 放弃；投案；投降give over 交托；移交；交出give(sth.)off 发出，放出(烟，气味，光线等)give in 屈服，让步，投降；呈交What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has _？A.given out B.put outC.held up D.used upA 用适当的词填空This fire doesnt seem to be giving _ much heat.The authorities showed no signs of giving _ to the kid
11、nappers demands.Her patience finally gave _.The doctors had given her _ but she made a remarkable recovery.The news of the Presidents death was given _ in a radio broadcast.The expression on her face gave her _.off in out up out away2、put forward 调快(钟表，时间)，提出(观点、议案等以供人考虑或讨论)，推荐The clock slows down.P
12、lease put forward the hands of it.钟慢了，请把指针调快些。She has decided to put her name/put herself forward as a candidate.她打算推荐自己作为候选人。The ideas you put forward deserve serious consideration.你提出的那些想法值得认真考虑一下。put/set/lay aside 搁置一旁；把(钱，时间等)留存起来，储蓄；抑制(愤怒等)；忽视(忠告等)put away 收拾起来，放好；储蓄put aside put back 放回；拨回钟表的针
13、 put down 放下，使乘客下车；记下，写下；镇压 put off 推迟；脱去，除去 put on 穿上；增加(速度，体重等);上演 put out 伸出；扑灭；生产 put together 组合，拼凑 put up 举起；建造，挂起；提高(价钱)put up with 容忍Its reported that Changsha has _ the general plan for citybuilding.A.put out B.put forwardC.put up D.put awayB3、add to 使增强，使扩大addto 往加 add up to总计为，总和是 add fue
14、l to the fire火上浇油The bad weather only added to our difficulties.恶劣的天气只是增加了我们的困难。Please add some salt to the soup.请往汤里加点盐。The numbers added up to exactly 100.这些数字总和正好100。He added that the importance to rid the world of hunger should be emphasized.他补充说明，消除世界饥饿的重要性要再加强调。added adj.额外的；附加的；增添的 addition n
15、.除此之外；另外 in addition(to)除此之外The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,_ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A.having added B.to addC.adding D.addedC add作伴随状语，在这里表示“补充说”。The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather _ the helplessness of the crew.A.added to B.resulte
16、d fromC.turned out D.made upA 句意：“轮船的发动机出了故障和恶劣的天气增加了船员的无助。”考查词组辨析。added to增加；resulted from 由引起；turned out 生产；结果证明；made up 构成，组成。根据语境用add的适当短语填空The said it was not easy to manage a company，_ that the financial crisis _ the difficulties.The week before,he _all the expenses and the total _ more than 1
17、00,000 yuan.adding(补充说)added to(增加)addedup(把加起来)added up to(加起来的总和是，共计)4、at a speed of 以某种速度New maglev train nowadays can travel at an amazing speed of 430 km/h.目前的磁悬浮火车能以每小时430千米的惊人速度行驶。at top/full speed 以全速 speed up 加速 at a safe/dangerous/low/high speed 以安全/危险/低/高的速度 pick up/gather speed 加快速度He wa
18、s driving at top speed down the street when the accident happened.当事故发生时他正沿着街道高速驾驶。This drug may have the effect of speeding up your heart rate.这种药物能够使你的心率加速。Not only will he or she feel every step of climbingMountQomolangma,butthe user willalsoexperience the cold,smells,sights and sounds ofthe surr
19、ounding environment使用者不仅能够感受到攀登珠穆朗玛峰的每一步的艰辛，还能体验到周围环境的寒冷、气味、景观和声音。(1)not onlybut also 应连接两个相对称的并列成分(主语、谓语、宾语、状语或分句)。She not only sings well but also dances beautifully.She doesnt only sing well but also dance beautifully.她不仅唱得好，而且跳得也很好看。(2)not onlybut also 连接两个分句，并且 not only 位于句首时，第一个分句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。
20、Not only does the sun give us light but also it gives us heat.太阳不仅给我们光，还给了我们热。Not only did your remark annoy Alixon but also it ruined our party.你那番话不仅惹怒了Alixon,还毁了我们的聚会。(3)not onlybut also 不能用在否定句中。误：They dont fear not only hardship but also death.正：They fear neither hardship nor death.正：They dont
21、fear either hardship or death.(4)not onlybut also 连接两个主语时，谓语动词要和与其最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan.不仅仅学生，而且老师也反对这个计划。Not only the teacher but also the students were against the plan.不仅仅老师，学生也反对这个计划。B“新技术用在了教学中。结果，不仅老师可以节省精力，而且学生也对课程更感兴趣了。”考查倒装结构。not only
22、分句一but(also)分句二。当notonly位于句首时，常用部分倒装语序，即分句一部分倒装。New technology was used in teaching.As a result,notonly _，but students became more interested in thelessons.A.saved was teachers energyB.was teachers energy savedC.teachers energy was savedD.was saved teachers energy1.A transparent 透明的；reasonable 合理的；s
23、ecurer 更安全的；format 格式，形式。1.The staterun company is required to make its accounts as _ as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money.(2011湖北)A.transparent B.reasonable C.securer D.format2.A solution 解决方法；target 目标；measure 测量；function 功能，作用。2.The school advisers help you talk through your prob
24、lems but they dont give you any direct _.(2010浙江)A.solution B.targetC.measure D.function3.D 句意：工人们把玻璃制品包装好，在每个箱子上标明“此面向上”。3.The workers _ the glasses and marked on each box“This Side Up”(2010全国卷)A.carried B.deliveredC.pressed D.packed如何写好定语从句 写好定语从句，掌握先行词与从句的位置非常重要。定语从句要置于先行词(即被修饰词)之后，译为：“的”，其次要掌握从句
25、中引导词的用法。【句型1】()先行词 关系代词 从句点津：关系代词代替的是先行词，在从句中要充当主语或宾语。The child who is reading there is the monitor.在那儿读书的那个孩子是班长。【句型2】()先行词 prep.which/whom 从句He teaches in a school,at the back of which there is a river.他在一所学校教书，学校后面有条河。点津：介词(短语)后的关系代词指物时只能用 which，指人时只能用 whom，都不可用 that代替。【句型3】()such/the same as 从句C
26、hildren should read such books as are recommended to them by their teachers.小孩子应该读他们老师所推荐的那些书。点津：as作定语从句连词时，一定要与such/thesame搭配。as代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语。【句型4】()先行词 关系副词 从句Thesmallmountainvillagewhere wespentourholiday last month lies in what is now part of Hunan.上个月我们度假的那个小山村在现在的湖南的一个地方。(where at which)点
27、津：先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词。在定语从句中用作状语时用相应的关系副词。翻译下列句子1.想要学习这些课程的学生至少要有3年学习英语的经验。_1.The students who are going to take these courseshave at least three years of English learning experience.2.约翰肯尼迪(John Kennedy)是美国最年轻的总统，他的名字为大多数美国人所熟悉。_ 2.John Kennedy was the youngest president inAmerica,whose name is known
28、 to most Americans.3.这是我们都感兴趣的一个题目。_3.This is a subject which we are interested in.4.目前中国有约3.5亿吸烟者，其中75%是男性,25%是女性。_4.Currently China has about 350 million smokers,among whom 75%are men and 25%are women.5.请送给我们一些像你昨日送来的那种苹果。_5.Please send us such kind of apples as you didyesterday.6.他的感觉同我的感觉一样。_6.H
29、e has the same feeling as I have.7.所有的邻居都羡慕这个家庭，在其父母对待孩子就像朋友一样这个方面。_7.All the neighbors admire this family，where theparents are treating their child like a friend.8.我来是为了向你解释我当时没到会的原因。_8.I have come around to explain the reason why I wasabsent from the meeting.9.这儿曾经有一段时间既没有广播，也没有电话或者电视。_9.There was
30、 a time when there were no radios,telephones or TV sets here.虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的一种愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测、建议等，不是客观存在的事实。包括两种情况：与事实相反，纯属假设；虽然还不是事实，但可能变为事实。所以，特别注意，不能把虚拟语气简单地理解为“不可能”的事实。表示“不可能”的虚拟用法只是虚拟语气的一部分，主要用于条件句中。如：If I were you，Id make a change in life.我当然无法变成你，所以这是纯粹的不可能成为事实的假设。但在Its high time that we had dinne
31、r.中显然表达“大家应该去”，而且这种呼吁很快就会变为现实。可见，此句表达的是说话人的一种“提醒，建议”含义的虚拟语气。条件句中的虚拟语气是虚拟语气的重要内容之一，该种情况采用假设条件从而得出相应结果的方式，表达与实际事实相反的虚拟情况。虚拟条件的时间分为3种：现在，过去，将来。各种主从句对应时间一致的虚拟句式如下：1与现在时间相反(前为从句，后为主句)：If 主 语 动 词 过 去 式(be 用 were),主 语would/should/could/might动词原形。2与过去时间相反：If主语 had done,主语 would/should/could/mighthave done。3
32、与将来时间相反：(1)If主语 动词过去式(be用were),主语 would/should/could/might动词原形；(2)If主语 should 动词原形，主语 would/should/could/might动词原形；(3)If主语 were to动词原形，主语 would/should/could/might动词原形。4主从句时间不一致时，主从句谓语动词的表达形式采用组装法，即从句对应什么时间就用相对应的表达式，同样主句对应什么时间也用相对应的表达式。5.在虚拟条件状语从句中，如果含有had,should或were时，可将if省略，将这些词提前。1宾语从句中的虚拟语气主要有3种情
33、况：(1)表示建议、命令、请求、要求、意图等含义的动词suggest,advise,insist,order,command,require,request,demand,ask,prefer等引导宾语从句时，宾语从句用虚拟语气，句式结构为“主语should动词原形”，其中should可以省略。但当should表“暗示，表明”，insist表示“坚决认为，坚持说”时，宾语从句用陈述语气。(2)wish之后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望，常用虚拟语气。其主要形式有3种：表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish 主语 动词过去式(be用were)；表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish 主语 h
34、ad 过去分词；表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish 主语 would 动词原形。(3)would rather引导的宾语从句，从句为过去时间，动词用had done;从句为现在时间，动词用一般过去式(be用were)；从句是将来时间，动词用一般过去式。2主语从句用虚拟语气的句式主要有3种：(1)在It is important/necessary that等主语从句中，从句谓语动词用should动词原形。should此时表达“应该”的意思。(2)在It is amazing(strange,surprising,astonishing,a pity,a shame)that从句中有时也用shoul
35、d，此时表示说话人的惊异、懊悔、失望等情感，常含有“竟然”之意。若不用虚拟语气则不带感情色彩，比较：Its a pity that he failed the exam.他考试没及格，真是遗憾。Its a pity that he should have failed the exam.他考试竟没及格，真是遗憾。(3)It is(was)ordered(suggested,required,requested)that从句中，从句谓语动词用should动词原形。should此时表达“应该”的意思。3使用虚拟语气的表语从句句式主要有：(1)The名词is/was that表语从句。这些名词是表示
36、请求、要求、命令、建议等意义的名词如：advice,desire,decision,idea,instruction,order,plan,proposal,recommendation,request,requirement,suggestion,wish等。表语从句的虚拟语气结构为：(should)动词原形。(2)It looks as if表语从句。如表达的与现在事实相反用过去式，与过去事实相反用过去完成时。不过，要注意如果表达的内容是真实可信的，则用直陈语气，使用实际时态。It is getting dark.It looks as if it is going to rain.天变暗
37、了，看来要下雨了(迹象表明要下雨，根据经验判断此种情况下通常会下雨)。4同位语从句中的虚拟语气：在“名词that”同位语从句中，如果名词为表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词如：advice 建议，demand 要求，desire 愿望，decision 决定，idea意见，motion 提议，order命令，proposal 提议，requirement 要求，request 请求，regulation 规章，suggestion 建议等名词时，其同位语从句要用虚拟语气结构：主语(should)动词原形。5定语从句中的虚拟语气比较少见，在“是做某事的时候了”句式中从句谓语动词用should do
38、 或过去式。It is about/high time that we had/should have a thorough cleaning.是搞大扫除的时候了。6含蓄虚拟条件句：即没有出现明显的假设条件，而是把条件从句隐藏在上下文中的一类条件句，其主要用法及表现形式可归纳如下：(1)将条件隐含在不定式短语中；To have studied harder,you would have passed the examination.假如你学习更用功些，你就考试及格了。(2)将条件隐含在现在分词或过去分词短语中；Given more time,I would have done it bette
39、r.假若多给些时间，我会做得更好。(3)将条件隐含在介词短语中，常见介词有but for和without；But for your help we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment.如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功的。(4)将条件隐含在名词短语中；Another word,and I would beat you flat.你再说一句话，我就把你打倒在地。(5)将条件隐含在某些连词中，常见连词有 otherwise和or else；Im really very busy,otherwise I would certainly go ther
40、e with you.我确实很忙，要不然我肯定会和你一起去那儿。(6)将条件隐含在定语从句中；Anyone who had seen that painting might have taken it for a photo.凡是看过那画的人，都可能把它看成是照片。(7)将条件隐含在but引导的并列句中；I would have attended her wedding ceremony,but I was so occupied.本想参加她的婚礼的，但当时我太忙。(8)将条件隐含在其他形式的上下文中。Dont bother to read all these papers.It would
41、take too long.不要费事看所有这些文件了，那会花太多时间。1._ he followed my advice,he would have succeeded.A.When B.IfC.Had D.HasC 但容易误选B。不能选B，主要是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是wouldhavesucceeded，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是 had followed，所以，如果选B，句子应该是 if he had followed my advice。但按英语语法，在此类表示虚拟条件的从句中，若有 had,should,were 等词，便可省略 if，而将 had,s
42、hould,were 提前置于句首。2.The man in prison insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ set free.A.had done;should beB.should do;should beC.had done;had beenD.should do;had beenA 此题容易误选B，想当然地认为 insist 后的从句谓语要用“should动词原形”这样的虚拟语气。事实上，insist后的从句谓语是否用“should动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实
43、，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。对上题而言，坐牢的这个人坚持了两点：一是没做错事，二是应该释放。很显然，在坐牢这个人看来，“没做错事”应该是事实，故用陈述语气；“被释放”还不是事实(因为他还在坐牢)，故用虚拟语气。所以此题的最佳答案应为A。3.It looks as if he were drunk.So it does._.A.Hed better give up drinkingB.He shouldnt have drunk so muchC.Health is more important than drinkD.I wonder why he is always doing soD 但A、B、C均有可能误选，主要是受题中drunk一词的影响。做此题的关键是要抓住Itlooks as if he were drunk 中的关键词were，因为它表明此句的谓语为虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他的言行好像是喝醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D。另外注意，句中的 so it does 表示强调，意为“他看上去的确像是喝醉了”。类似用法：“The house looks beautiful.”“Yes,so it does.”“这房子看上去很美。”“是的，看上去的确很美。”此句中的 so it does 也表强调。
