1、第二讲非谓语动词A组单句语法填空1(2020全国卷)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change4 _(find)and study areas of the South PoleAitken basin.解析：该句主句为Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Change4；_(find) and study areas of the South PoleAitken basin为不定式在句中作目的状语。答案：to find2(2020浙江卷
2、7月)Agriculture gave peopletheir first experience of the power of technology _(change)lives.解析：考查非谓语动词(不定式)。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到科技改变生活的力量。此处用不定式作定语，修饰technology，故填to change。答案：to change3(2020浙江卷7月)Later，they learned to work with the seasons，planting at the right time and，in dry areas，_(make)use of annual f
3、loods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.解析：考查非谓语动词中的动词ing形式。结合and和上文的planting可知，此处应该填making与其并列。答案：making4(2020全国卷)They represent the earth _(come)back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.解析：考查非谓语动词。the earth和come之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，所以填coming。答案：coming5(2020全国卷)And when he saw the mists rising
4、from the river and the soft clouds _(surround)the mountain tops，he was reduced to tears.解析：考查非谓语动词。在“see 宾语宾补”结构中，宾语与宾补之间是主动关系，用现在分词表示动作正在进行。the soft clouds 与surround 之间是主动关系，且表示正在发生的事情，故填surrounding。答案：surrounding6(2020北京卷)And third，tiger sharks have teeth perfectly _(design)for cutting their food，
5、so it is certain that the damage will be disastrous.解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，teach 和design为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词designed。答案：designed 7(2020北京卷)The problem of phone addiction(成瘾)has been observed since a few years ago，with experts and psychologists _(try)to increase awareness about this problem.解析：此处是with 复合结构
6、作状语，experts and psychologists和try为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式trying。答案：trying8(2019全国卷)Scientists have responded by_(note)that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集)around human settlements，leading to the illusion (错觉)that populations are higher than they actually are.解析：考查非谓语动词。介词后接动词时，应用其动名词形式。respond by doin
7、g sth.通过做某事回应。答案：notingB组单句改错1(2020全国卷)I tell my mom that if were forced eat things，we may become ill.解析：不定式符号漏用。be forced to do sth.“被迫做某事”。答案：eat前加to2(2020全国卷)I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs，and I thought it must be easy to cook.解析：非谓语动词误用。过去分词作定语，表示动作的完成或被动，此处表示被炒过的西红柿鸡蛋，故用过去分词作定语。现在分词作定语
8、表示进行或主动。答案：fryingfried 3(2020全国卷)My mom told me how to preparing it.解析：非谓语动词误用。不定式符号后跟动词原形。答案：preparingprepare4(2019全国卷)All the football players on the playground cheered loudly，say that I had a talent for football.解析：分析句子结构可知，cheered是谓语动词，say前没有并列连词and等，所以say只能用非谓语动词形式；主语与say之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作状语。答案：
9、saysaying5(2019全国卷)Ive had many dreams since I was a child.Now my dream is to opens a cafe.解析：to是不定式符号，后跟动词原形。不定式短语to open a cafe在句中作表语。答案：opensopen1非谓语动词作主语(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或习惯性的动作，而不定式作主语则表示具体的、某一次的行为。As we all know，going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.众所周知，早起早睡是一个好习惯。To complete
10、 the program needs much effort.完成这个项目需要很大的努力。(2)it作形式主语，代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动名词。常见句型有：Its important for the figures to be updated regularly.定期更新数据是很重要的。2非谓语动词作表语非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分词、动名词和不定式。(1)现在分词作表语意为“令人感到的”，而过去分词作表语意为“本身感到的”。The news was exciting and we were excited the whole night.这则消息令人激动，我们激动了整整一晚上
11、。(2)不定式、动名词都可以作表语，但动名词作表语多指抽象的、经常性的动作。What he did in the meeting was chatting with Mary.他在会议上所做的事情就是与玛丽谈话。(3)不定式则多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。My job is to clean the house three times a week.我的工作是每个星期打扫房子三次。(4)get，become，look，seem，appear等系动词后可跟过去分词作表语，表示被动或主语的状态。This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us t
12、hat we shouldnt get discouraged right after failures.温斯顿丘吉尔的这句名言告诉我们，失败后我们绝不能气馁。3非谓语动词作宾语(1)若非谓语动词作下列动词或动词短语的宾语，则只能用动名词。suggest，risk，imagine，mind，admit，practice，allow，avoid，delay，include，deny，escape，advise，finish，miss，insist on，look forward to，feel like，get down to，object to，devote ones time to等。I a
13、voided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.我回避提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。(2)若非谓语动词作下列动词或动词短语的宾语，则只能用不定式。decide，refuse，promise，pretend，hesitate，manage，plan，fail，choose，would like等。She will attempt to beat the world record.她试图要打破世界纪录。(3)有些动词或动词短语既可接不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语，但表示的含义不同。meanforgetregrettrygo on
14、remembercant helpI regret to tell you that I cant come.我很遗憾地告诉你我不能来了。I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple andwhat I saw there.我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺，并记得在那里我所看到的一切。(4)动词作介词的宾语时，要用动名词形式，不能用动词不定式。The author begins his account of the tour in the forest mainly by describing various sounds.作者主要是通过描绘各种声
15、音开始叙述自己的森林之旅的。(单句语法填空/单句改错)1(2019天津卷)_(learn)to think critically is an important skill todays children will need for the future.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：学会批判性地思考，这是现在的孩子为了未来(的发展)所需要具备的一项重要技能。v.ing形式作主语。答案：Learning2(2018浙江卷6月)I still remember_(visit)a friend whod lived here for five years and I was shocked when
16、 I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，remember作谓语且空处不作并列谓语，故应填非谓语动词。此处考查remember doing sth.表示“记得做过某事”，故填visiting。答案：visiting3(2021河南八市质检)I felt hopeless and alone，and more_(depress)than I knew was possible.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我感到绝望、孤独及前所未有的沮丧。设空处作felt的表语，故填depressed。答案：depre
17、ssed4(2021江西红色七校联考)It is_(shock)that some investment banks even judge candidates by whether they wear brown shoes.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：令人震惊的是，一些投资银行甚至根据他们是否穿棕色鞋子来判断应聘者。shocking意为“令人震惊的”。答案：shocking5(2021菏泽模拟)Next keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean _(accept)the action of the person who
18、upsets you.解析：mean to do sth.意为“想要做某事”，mean doing sth.意为“意味着做某事”，由语境可知此处填accepting。答案：accepting6(2018全国卷)I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel _(challenge).解析：考查词性转换。连系动词feel后要接形容词作表语。challenged adj.受到挑战的；challenging adj.困难的，富有挑战性的。 由语境可知，填c
19、hallenged。答案：challenged 7(2019全国卷)If I succeed in manage one，I will open more.解析：succeed in doing sth.成功做某事。答案：managemanaging8(2021全国百校联盟第一次联考)Instead of seek a shelter，my parents suggested we help a couple of stall owners pack their books.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：没有去找庇护处，我父母建议我们帮助几个摊主收拾他们的图书。介词短语instead of后需用
20、动名词形式作宾语，故把seek改为seeking。答案：seekseeking定语形式功能现在分词一般式doing表示动作是主动进行的行为或者正在进行当中现在分词一般式的被动结构being done表示动作是被动行为且正在进行当中过去分词done表示动作是被动完成的行为或者单纯表示已经完成动词不定式to do表示将要发生的动作动词不定式一般式的被动结构to be done表示将要被做的动作We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.我们被邀请参加下星期五在我们俱乐部举办的晚会。He is always the fir
21、st to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。The park was full of people，enjoying themselves in the sunshine.公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。Tsinghua University，founded in 1911，is home to a great number of outstanding figures.清华大学建立于1911年，是许多杰出人物的摇篮。(1)准确判定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系
22、；(2)准确判定非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间，即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。 The problem discussed at the last meeting was of great importance.The matter being discussed now is of great importance.The problem to be discussed at the next meeting is of great importance.(单句语法填空/单句改错)1(2019北京卷)Earth Day，_(mark)on 22 April，is an annual e
23、vent aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection.解析：考查非谓语动词。本句是主系表结构，由连系动词is可知空格处填非谓语动词形式。mark在这里是“庆祝，纪念(重要事件)”之意，是及物动词，Earth Day与之是被动关系，此处的字面意思是“地球日在4月22日被庆祝”，故用过去分词短语作定语。答案：marked2(2021山西五地市高三联考)While some Florida government officials doubt whether the climate will become hotte
24、r or colder，the people_(live)in these locations are certain of the need to protect their communities.解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，设空处修饰主语the people，且与the people之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填living。答案：living3(2021昆明调研)Along the Silk Road route，Xian and Gansu are suitable to visit all year round.The best time_(visit
25、)Xinjiang is from May to October because the weather is mild.解析：考查非谓语动词。the best time to do sth.的意思是“做某事的最好的时间”，其中的动词不定式作后置定语，修饰前面的the best time，所以填to visit。答案：to visit4(2021枣庄模拟)Asia is such a vast and diverse continent for anyone dream of an escape.解析：dreaming为现在分词作后置定语，修饰anyone，相当于一个定语从句who dream
26、s.。答案：dreamdreaming5(2021惠州第二次调研)In the past，teachers were always explaining the points in class.But now we often discuss the problems being raised by the teachers or ourselves.解析：being raised意为“正在被提出”；raised 意为“已被提出”，理应问题先被提出而后被讨论，raised by.是过去分词短语，修饰problems。答案：删除being1不定式作状语(1)原因状语多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等
27、的形容词后。Im very glad to be invited to attend the meeting.我很高兴被邀请参加这个会议。(2)目的状语可与so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首。(2016北京卷)To make it easier to get in touch with us，youd better keep this card at hand.为了更容易与我们取得联系，你最好随身带着这张卡片。(3)结果状语常表示意想不到的结果，常用only to do。He hurried to the station only to find
28、that the train had left.他匆匆赶到车站结果却发现火车已经离开了。2分词作状语(1)v.ing形式：现在分词作状语，用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随、结果等。现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系，且含有进行之意。Having worked for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.已经忙活了两天，史蒂夫设法按时完成了他的报告。Having been laughed at for his mistakes，the boy was ashamed and embarrassed.
29、那男孩因犯错而被嘲笑，因此又羞愧又尴尬。(非谓语动词的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前)(2)v.ed形式：过去分词作状语，用来表时间、条件、让步、原因、伴随等。过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，且含有完成之意。Offered an important role in a new movie，Andy has got a chance to become famous.由于在这部新电影中担任重要角色，安迪有了出名的机会。(3)源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语，表示句子主语所处的一种状态。不表示被动关系，其前不用being，常见的有：seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)
30、、devoted(专注的)、lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)、born in(出身于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。Absorbed in his book，he didnt notice me enter the room.他专注于读书，没注意到我进入房间。(1)把握分词与句子逻辑主语之间的关系；区别现在分词与过去分词：现在分词表示主动或正在进行，过去分词表示被动或完成。 (2)现在分词的完成式having done表示分词的动作和句子主语之间是主动关系，同时分词动作先于句子谓语动词发生。Having driven all day，we were r
31、ather tired.开了一天的车，我们相当累。(3)不定式作结果状语为主观上意想不到的结果，现在分词作结果状语为客观上顺其自然而产生的结果。More highways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。3有些分词或不定式短语作状语，构成独立结构，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响。generally speaking一般来说；frankly speaking坦白地说；judging from/
32、by.根据来判断；considering./taking.into consideration考虑到；to tell the truth说实话；compared to/with与相比较；to begin with首先；seeing.鉴于/由于；supposing假设，如果；assuming假使；given考虑到，鉴于；provided(that.)如果；concerning关于Judging from what he said just now，he must be very satisfied with your performance.根据他刚才说的判断，他一定对你的演出很满意。(单句语法
33、填空/单句改错)1(2021江西宜春中学第一次诊断)_(compare)with the western medicines high fees，TCM has a reasonable price that ordinary people can afford.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：与西药的高额费用相比，传统中药的价格合理，普通人能够承担得起。compared with.为固定结构，在句中作状语，意为“与相比”。答案：Compared2(2021江西宜春中学第一次诊断)_(free)ourselves from the physical and mental tensions，we e
34、ach need deep thought and inner quietness.解析：句意：想要从身心的双重压力中解放自我，我们每个人都需要深思和内心安宁。不定式作目的状语。答案：To free3(2021河北唐山第一次调研)Whats worse，his wife abandoned him，_(leave)him alone with his sixyearold younger son.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：更糟糕的是，他的妻子离他而去，留下他自己和6岁的小儿子。设空处作结果状语，主语his wife与leave之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故填leaving。答案：leaving4
35、(2021河南豫南九校质量考评)Finally I refused to attend classes，_(shut)myself in my room for hours.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：最后，我拒绝去上课，把自己关在房间几个小时。refused和shut之间没有并列连词，故可判断设空处应为非谓语动词作状语。主语I与shut之间为逻辑上的主动关系，且shut与refused同时发生，故设空处表示伴随，故填shutting。答案：shutting5(2021福州八中质检)_(realize)it was our last high school sports meeting，we
36、decided to make it an unforgettable experience for all of us.解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格所处的部分为非谓语动词作状语，realize与主语we之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填Realizing。答案：Realizing6(2021江西五校第一次联考)Locating in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood，the house is big enough to enable you to have a room of your own.解析：考查非谓语动词。be located in.意
37、为“坐落于”，为固定短语，在句中作状语，故把Locating改为Located。答案：LocatingLocated7Everyone was silent，wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.解析：考查非谓语动词。主语Everyone与wait之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，因此把wait改为waiting。答案：waitwaiting8(2021吉林吉大附中月考)Ordinary soap，using correctly，can deal with bacteria effect
38、ively.解析：ordinary soap和use之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词形式作条件状语。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。答案：usingused1不定式作宾语补足语tell/order/persuade/force/warn/encourage/ask/invitesb.to do sth.Id like to invite you to take part in the activity.我想邀请你参加这项活动。2后用省略“to”的不定式作宾语补足语的动词：“五看；三使；二听；一感觉”。五看：look at/watch/notice/see/observe s
39、b.do sth.；三使：make/have/let sb.do sth.；二听：listen to/hear sb.do sth.；一感觉：feel sb.do sth.。I like the film because it can make me laugh.我喜欢这部电影，因为它能让我笑。3用于it形式主语结构中Itbe名词或形容词(no good，no use，a pleasure，worthwhile，useless)动词ing；Itbe形容词(difficult/kind/clever等)for/of sb.to do sth.；Ittakessb.some timeto do s
40、th.。As is known to us，its no use complaining without taking action.众所周知，只抱怨不采取行动没用。only to do结构表示出乎意料的结果He hurried to the station only to find the train had left.他匆忙赶到车站结果却发现火车已经开走了。4with复合结构中补足语的比较with With so many people looking at him，he felt very nervous.那么多人看着他，他感到很紧张。With the problem solved，th
41、e quality has been improved.问题解决了，质量也提高了。5有些非谓语动词形式的固定结构considering that鉴于，考虑到judging by/from 从来看supposing/providing/provided/assuming that.假定，假设compared with/to 与相比Michaels new house is like a huge palace，compared with his old one.与迈克的旧房子比起来，他的新房子像个大宫殿。(单句语法填空/单句改错)1(2019浙江卷6月)One study in America
42、found that students grades improved a little after the school introduced uniforms.But some students didnt want_(wear)the uniform.解析：考查非谓语动词。want to do sth.意为“想要做某事”。答案：to wear2(2021长春质量监测)They start building their huts late in the summer，but do not get them _(finish)before the early frosts.解析：考查非谓语动
43、词。句意：它们从夏末开始建造小屋，直到早霜才能建完。get sth.done为固定搭配，意为“让某事被完成”，故填finished。答案：finished3(2018天津卷)It took him a long time_(acquire)the skills he needed to become a good dancer.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：获得他成为一名好舞者所需要的各项技能花了他很长时间。在It takes/took sb.to do sth.句型中，It作形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语。答案：to acquire4(2021贵州适应性考试)When you meet people from different cultures，it is important_(understand)what you can and cannot do.解析：考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，该句使用了it is/wasadj.to do sth.的句型，其中it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。答案：to understand5(2021深圳第一次调研)I know my dream will come true if I keep work hard for it.解析：keep doing sth.持续做某事。答案：workworking
