1、课后培优微积累战高考，训练提分点无灵胜有灵的主语句(1)无灵主语，又叫作物称主语，指的是使用没有生命的事物充当句子的主语成分，例如物品、动作、情感、时间、地点等，这与中文表达中习惯“以人为本”的特点，即常常会把人这个行为主体作为句子主语的情况大相径庭，体现了英语语言所强调的客体思维。一、好句欣赏使用时间、地点名词作主语，谓语动词用witness, see, find等来表达发生的事情。1The year 1949 witnessed the founding of the Peoples Republic of ChinA1949年，中华人民共和国成立了。2The postwar years
2、in Germany saw honours heaped upon the great scientist.在德国战后的岁月里，这位伟大的科学家得到了种种荣誉。3Dawn met him well along the way.It was a pleasant uneventful ride.在东方欲晓的时候，他早已走了一大段路了。这次骑马旅行是很愉快的，没有发生意外事件。4The town boasts a beautiful lake.镇上有个美丽的湖，人人以此为豪。5Shanghai witnessed the birth of the Chinese Communist Party.
3、中国共产党在上海成立。6Britain saw the first jet airline in 1952.第一架喷气式飞机于1952年在英国诞生。7Rome witnessed many great historic events.在罗马发生过许多重大历史事件。8The recent decade has witnessed an explosive growth in the number of teenage users of social networking websites.近十年来，青少年使用社交网站的人数呈爆炸式增长。二、小试牛刀1Dusk_found_the_little_g
4、irl crying in the street.黄昏时分，人们发现小女孩在街上哭。2Autumn_finds_many_young_Beijing_people in smartly tailored jackets and colorful pullovers and windbreakers.到了秋季，北京许多年轻人穿上精心裁制的漂亮短上衣，五颜六色的套头毛衣和风衣。3The_day,_August_6th,_will_witness_my_uncles_arrival in London.我叔叔将于8月6日到达伦敦。4Our_school_hall_will_see_the_lectu
5、re on Tang poetry.我们将在学校礼堂举办这次唐诗讲座。5The_Art_Building_will_witness this papercutting art exhibition.这次剪纸艺术展将在艺术楼举办。6Last_Friday_afternoon_witnessed_a_friendly_football_match between our school and the German sister school on the playgrounD上周五下午，我们学校和德国姐妹学校在操场上进行了一场足球友谊赛。.阅读理解A语篇类型议论文主题语境人与社会教育学习和游戏哪个
6、重要？(2021哈尔滨三中高三期中) Much of the public debate around early childhood education comes down to which matters more：academic knowledge or play.Thats a false dilemmAPlay is really the way that young children learn and guided play is the key.Its a way that they experience the world，and it helps them learn
7、more deeply.We should be concerned that the “skill and drill” approach to teaching academic knowledge is most frequently used in classrooms serving atrisk preschoolers，in an attempt to close the gap on school readiness.Unfortunately，this teaching method can turn young kids off to school and introduc
8、es the possibility of shame and anxiety.“Skill and drill” doesnt teach kids the curiosity and critical(有判断力的) thinking skills that they need to develop in early childhooDHowever，pure free playan approach advocated more frequently by wealthier groupsalso misses_the_mark“I hear a lot about just free p
9、lay classrooms” But Suzanne Bouffard，an education researcher，said if it only involves setting out materials and not thinking about learning goals，theres a real missed opportunity.For example，she said，researchers have found that children used more complex language about building activities when they
10、had a goal in minDWhat effective preschools aim for is “guided play”，in which adults create a purposeful play environment that encourages students to explore.For example，in setting up blocks，a teacher might put up pictures of buildings to inspire kids.They may ask students，“What are you doing？” and
11、gently push kids thinking by offering new information.Of course，the ability to find this balance rests with teachers.Good teachers make it look really easy.Thats why its really important that we invest (投入) in teachers and give them the training to guide play without overly controlling it and to enc
12、ourage kids to develop an understanding of letters and numbers without “skill and drill”文章大意：学前教育中“技能和训练”方法不能培养孩子的好奇心和判断力，游戏是孩子真正学习的方法，但纯粹的无目的性的游戏并不能达到好效果。而带有指导性的游戏则能帮助孩子更深入地学习、体验世界，更适合学前教育的孩子们。好的老师应当善于使用带有指导性的游戏，鼓励孩子们思考、探索世界。1Which of the following matters most in early childhood education?AHaving
13、guided play.BLearning after play.CSeeing the worlDDStudying academic courses.解析：A考查细节理解。根据第一段，尤其是该段最后两句“Play is really the way that young children learn and guided play is the key.Its a way that they experience the world，and it helps them learn more deeply.”可知，在指导下游戏是小孩子学习的方式，有助于他们更深入地学习。故A项正确。2What
14、 do we know about the “skill and drill” approach?AIt works best for preschoolers.BIt helps develop kids curiosity.CIt limits kids development.DIt bridges the gap on school readiness.解析：C考查细节理解。根据第二段最后两句“Unfortunately，this teaching method can turn young kids off to school and introduces the possibili
15、ty of shame and anxiety.Skill and drill doesnt teach kids the curiosity and critical(有判断力的)thinking skills that they need to develop in early childhooD”可知，“技能和训练”教学法可能会让学前孩子感到羞愧和焦虑，无法培养孩子们在童年早期需要培养的好奇心和判断力；据此可知，这种教学方法限制了孩子的发展，故C项正确。3Which of the following best explains “misses the mark”underlined in
16、 Paragraph 3?AMeets learning goals. BLoses points in exams.CTroubles the class. DFails to achieve the goal.解析：D考查推理判断。根据第三段第一句中的“also”并结合第三段第三句中的“theres a real missed opportunity”可知，单纯的游戏并不能达成教学目标。据此可推知，画线词表示“无法达成目标”，故D项正确。4Why does a teacher put up pictures of buildings?ATo encourage the kids to co
17、py.BTo offer extra information.CTo share the teaching purpose with the kids.DTo inspire the kids to explore.解析：D考查细节理解。根据第四段第一、二句“What effective preschools aim for.encourages students to explore.For example，in setting up blocks，a teacher might put up pictures of buildings to inspire kids.”可知，老师张贴建筑物
18、的图片是为了鼓励孩子们探索，故D项正确。B语篇类型说明文主题语境人与社会研究发现就寝的时间和睡眠的时长与学业成绩之间的线性关系(2021河北五个一名校联考) Sleep，considered a luxury by many，is essential for a persons wellbeing.Researchers have found that insufficient sleep and tiredness increase a persons risk of developing severe medical conditions，such as obesity (肥胖症)，hig
19、h blood sugar levels，and heart disease.Now，a new study has found that getting sufficient sleep is also the key to improving academic performance.Jeffrey Gross，the university science professor who led the research，was not trying to find the relationship between sleep and grades when he handed out sma
20、rtwatches to the 100 students in his chemistry class.Instead，the professor hoped the wristworn devices，which track a persons physical activity，would show a connection between exercise and academic achievements.While Grosss data showed no relationship between these two factors，the study found somethi
21、ng surprising.As the researchers were analyzing their data，they noticed that there was a linear(线性的) relationship between the average amount of sleep the students got and their results in the courses 11 quizzes，three midterm tests，and the final exam.Even more interesting，it was not sufficient for st
22、udents to just head to bed early the night before a test.Instead，its the sleep you get during the days when learning is happening that matters most.When students went to bed each night was similarly important.Those who went to bed in the early hours of the morning performed poorly，even if the total
23、sleep time was the same as a higherperforming student.“When you go to bed matters，” Gross says, “If you go to bed at 10，or 12，or 1 at night，and sleep for seven hours，your performance is the same.But if you go to bed after 2，your performance starts to go down even if you get the same seven hours slee
24、p.So，quantity isnt everything.”Perhaps the most interesting was the huge impact that small differences in sleep patterns had on the students grades.The overall course grades of students averaging six and a half hours of sleep each night were 25% lower than students who averaged just one hour more sl
25、eep.Similarly，students who varied their bedtime by even one hour each night had grades that dropped 45% below those with more regular bedtime.Who knew getting straight As just required some extra sleep?文章大意：一项新的研究发现，每天在恰当的时间段内进行充足的睡眠是提高学业成绩的关键。5Based on his original objective，which best describes Pr
26、ofessor Grosss research findings?AAccidental. BComplete.CConvincing. DDoubtful.解析：A考查细节理解。根据第二段的内容以及第三段第一句“While Grosss data showed no relationship between these two factors，the study found something surprising.”可知，Gross给自己班里的100名学生分发智能手表是打算研究运动与学业成绩之间的联系，但是Gross搜集到的数据没有表明二者之间的联系，不过该研究有意外的发现。故选A。6Wh
27、o were the people taking part in the study?AMiddle school chemistry students.BVolunteers from different universities.CProfessor Grosss own students.DUniversity student athletes.解析：C考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句中的“he handed out smartwatches to the 100 students in his chemistry class”可知，参加研究的是Gross自己的学生。故选C。7How di
28、d Professor Grosss team measure students academic performance?AMaking the students wear special watches.BUsing students university entrance test results.CGiving the students regular quizzes after class.DUsing the students normal test and quiz grades.解析：D考查细节理解。根据第三段第二句“As the researchers were analyz
29、ing their datA.their results in the courses 11 quizzes，three midterm tests，and the final exam.”可知，当研究人员分析他们的数据时，他们注意到学生的平均睡眠时间与他们在这门课的11次小测验、3次期中考试和期末考试中的成绩之间存在线性关系。由此可知，Gross教授的团队是使用学生平常的测试与小测验成绩来衡量学生的学业表现的。故选D。8Based on the studys findings，who is likely to perform best academically?AA student who
30、has a good nights sleep the night before an important test.BA student whose normal bedtime varies between 9 p.m. and 12 p.m.CA student who sleeps from 11 pm. to 6 am. each day.DA student who sleeps for a total of 7 hours each night.解析：C考查推理判断。根据第五段的内容可知，什么时候去睡觉很重要，如果你晚上10点、12点或1点睡觉，睡7个小时，你的表现是一样的；但是
31、如果你在2点以后睡觉，即使你同样睡了7个小时，你的表现也会开始下降。且根据第六段最后一句可知，有规律的就寝时间也很重要。由此可推知，每天从晚上11点睡到早上6点的学生，其学业表现可能最好。故选C。.完形填空语篇类型记叙文主题语境人与自我做人与做事拾金不昧(2021山东师范大学附属中学第一次模拟)A trip to a banks ATM is usually a common affair.But for Jose Nunez Romaniz, his _1_ on Sunday is one that he wont _2_for the rest of his life.The 19yea
32、rold college student was making a _3_ for Mothers Day online when he noticed his account balance(存款余额)was _4_So he drove to the nearest bank to deposit money.Little did he know that he was about to make an incredible _5_When he arrived, Jose noticed a plastic bag on the ground filled with cash, whic
33、h turned out to be $135, 000.“When I first saw it, I was very _6_， not knowing what to do，”Jose told the New York Times.After taking a moment to _7_ himself, Jose called the police.And the police soon discovered that the money had _8_ been left behind by a worker _9_ with refilling the ATM.Thinking
34、that it is the biggest amount of money ever found and _10_ in Albuquerque history, the mayor and the police chief held a ceremony to honor Joses _11_.And, perhaps best of all, the police chief invited Jose to _12_ a job as a public service aide for the department _13_ his graduation.For Jose, it was
35、 the best gift for Mothers Day.“Mother called me _14_ she almost started crying excitedly.She told me I did the right thing and that she was _15_of what I did，” said Jose.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。一名19岁的青年Jose Nunez Romaniz准备在银行存款时，无意中发现了一个装着很多现金的塑料袋，他没有据为己有而是给警察打了电话。1Aplan BexperimentCvisit Dshow解析：C句意：但对于Jose
36、 Nunez Romaniz来说，周日的银行之行是他永生难忘的经历。plan计划；experiment试验；visit拜访，逗留；show展示。根据前文“A trip to a banks.”可知，此处指的是Jose周日的银行之行。故选C。2Aenjoy BforgetCimagine Dface解析：B根据后文Jose存款时的经历可知，Jose在存钱时意外捡到了一大笔钱，所以这成了他永远都不会忘记的经历。enjoy欣赏；forget忘记；imagine想象；face面对。故选B。3Apurchase BsurveyCwish Ddecision解析：A句意：这位19岁的大学生正在网上为母亲节
37、购物，这时他注意到自己的账户余额不足。purchase购买；survey调查表；wish希望；decision决定。根据后文“for Mothers Day online”可知Jose当时准备给妈妈买母亲节礼物。make a purchase表示“购物”。故选A。4Afull BclearCinaccurate Dlow解析：D根据后文“So he drove to the nearest bank to deposit money.”可知Jose因为账户余额不足(low)，买不了礼物，所以才去存钱的。full完全的；clear清楚的；inaccurate不准确的；low低的。故选D。5Aof
38、fer BpromiseCprofit Ddiscovery解析：D句意：他毫不知道他即将有一个惊人的发现。offer提议；promise承诺；profit利润；discovery发现。根据下一段中“When he arrived, Jose noticed a plastic bag on the ground filled with cash”可知Jose后来在银行捡到了一大笔钱，所以此处指Jose对自己即将有一个惊人发现毫不知情。故选D。6Ashocked BamusedCexcited Dsatisfied解析：A句意：“当我第一次看到它时，我非常震惊，不知道该怎么办，”Jose告诉纽
39、约时报。shocked震惊的；amused有趣的；excited激动的；satisfied满意的。根据后文not knowing what to do可知，Jose看到这么多钱后感到很吃惊。故选A。7Ateach BdisturbCcollect Dchallenge解析：C句意：Jose冷静了一会儿后，报了警。teach教学；disturb干扰；collect收集，使(自己)镇定；challenge挑战。根据后文Jose called the police可知，过了一会儿，Jose平静了下来。collect在此意为“使(自己)镇定；使(思想)集中”。故选C。8Acarefully Bacci
40、dentallyCdeliberately Dnervously解析：B句意：警方很快发现，这些钱是一名负责给自动取款机装现金的工作人员不小心落下的。carefully仔细地；accidentally一不小心，意外地；deliberately故意地；nervously紧张地。根据前后文内容可知，这么一大笔钱应该是一位工作人员不小心(accidentally)遗失在那里的。故选B。9Acontinued BchargedCarmed Dtasked解析：D结合后文“with refilling the ATM”可知这位工作人员是被派去给自动取款机装现金的时候，不小心落下了这笔钱。continue
41、d继续；charged充电；armed武装；tasked委派任务。故选D。10Areturned BsavedClost Dexchanged解析：A句意：市长和警察局局长认为这是阿尔伯克基历史上发现和归还的最大数额的一笔钱，因此举行了一个仪式来表彰Jose的诚实。returned归还，返回；saved拯救；lost失去；exchanged交换。结合上文可知Jose发现了这笔钱，然后报了警，归还了银行，所以是阿尔伯克基历史上发现和归还的最大数额的一笔钱，故选A。11Aconfidence BhonestyCbravery Dappreciation解析：B根据上文内容可知Jose拾金不昧，所以
42、应当是表扬他的诚实。confidence自信；honesty诚实；bravery勇敢；appreciation欣赏。故选B。12Ahold up Badapt toCwait for Dapply for解析：D句意：也许最重要的是，警察局局长邀请Jose在他毕业后申请一份公共服务助理的工作。hold up举起；adapt to适应；wait for等待；apply for申请。根据后文“a job as a public service aide”可知是指申请一份公共服务助理的工作。故选D。13Aalthough BbeforeCafter Duntil解析：C根据前文19yearold c
43、ollege student可知，此处应指在Jose大学毕业后。故选C。14Aor BandCso Dbut解析：B句意：妈妈打电话给我，她高兴得几乎哭了起来or或者；and并且；so因此；but但是。根据空格前后内容可知，两者表示顺承关系，应用连词and。故选B。15Aproud BconsiderateCworthy Dsure解析：A句意：她告诉我我做了正确的事情，她为我所做的感到骄傲。proud骄傲的，自豪的；considerate体贴的；worthy值得的；sure确信的。根据上文内容可知，Jose拾金不昧，所以妈妈在电话里告诉Jose说他做得对，她为他感到骄傲。短语be proud
44、 of“为感到骄傲”故选A。.语法填空语篇类型记叙文主题语境人与社会社会与文化中国高考被越来越多的国外大学承认(2021山东模拟卷)The university of Birmingham, UK, accepted the Gaokao exam for highflying Chinese students 1._(wish) to join its undergraduate courses in 2019.High school students 2._ complete the National Higher Education Entrance Examination, or Ga
45、okao, with top grades can apply for direct entry into Birmingham degree programmes 3._ first completing a foundation year.Gaokao, which 4._(hold) across China in early June, is 5._(increase) accepted by universities in Australia, the USA, Canada and mainland Europe.Birmingham only considers high qua
46、lity students who achieve a minimum 80% Gaokao score and meet additional academic and English language 6._(require).Professor Jon Frampton, Director of the University of Birminghams China Institute said，“I am 7._(delight) that the University now accepts the Gaokao.This gives the 8._(bright) and best
47、 Chinese students 9._ opportunity to move straight into the first year of our undergraduate programmes and experience the benefits of studying at a 10._(globe) Top 100 university.”文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是关于中国高考被越来越多的国外大学承认的事情。1解析：wishing考查现在分词作后置定语。句意：英国伯明翰大学2019年接受了中国优秀学生的高考。此处是现在分词作后置定语，修饰学生，表示希望在伯明翰接
48、受本科教育的学生，学生与希望是主动关系，所以用现在分词，故填wishing。2解析：who/that考查定语从句。句意：以优异成绩完成全国高等教育入学考试(National Higher Education Entrance Examination，简称高考)的高中生，无须先完成预科课程，就可以申请直接进入伯明翰的学位课程。此处High school students是先行词，指人，在后面的定语从句中作主语，故填who/that。3解析：without考查介词。句意：以优异成绩完成全国高等教育入学考试(National Higher Education Entrance Examination
49、，简称高考)的高中生，无须先完成预科课程，就可以申请直接进入伯明翰的学位课程。介词without后面跟动名词作宾语，再根据第一句伯明翰大学承认中国高考成绩，所以无须先完成预科课程，故填without。4解析：is held考查一般现在时态的被动语态。句意：6月初在中国各地举行的高考，越来越多地被澳大利亚、美国、加拿大和欧洲大陆的大学所接受。此处指目前的一种客观事实，且定语从句的主语which(Gaokao)和hold之间是一种被动关系，所以句子用一般现在时态的被动语态，故填is held。5解析：increasingly考查副词。句意：6月初在中国各地举行的高考，越来越多地被澳大利亚、美国、加
50、拿大和欧洲大陆的大学所接受。此处accepted是动词，由副词来修饰，故填increasingly。6解析：requirements考查名词复数。句意：伯明翰只会考虑那些在高考中取得至少80%的高分，并满足额外的学术和英语要求的高质量学生。要求不止一个，此处用名词复数，故填requirements。7解析：delighted考查形容词。句意：我很高兴这所大学现在接受高考。be delighted意为“感到高兴”，故填delighted。8解析：brightest考查形容词最高级。句意：这给了最聪明、最优秀的中国学生机会。根据the和best可知，此处用形容词最高级，故填brightest。9解析：an考查不定冠词。句意：有机会直接进入我们的本科课程的第一年，体验在全球百强大学学习的好处。此处表示泛指，且opportunity是以元音音素开头，故填an。10解析：global考查形容词。句意：有机会直接进入我们的本科课程的第一年，体验在全球百强大学学习的好处。此处用形容词修饰名词，故填global。
