1、Unit 1Great scientistsSection Grammar&Writing 过去分词作定语和表语第一板块单元语法请尝试说出下列句子中过去分词所充当的句子成分1Are you good at written English or spoken English?2Were you excited when you heard the news?3David was a small boy in ragged clothes.4Im delighted to hear that he is coming back.5I believed I would work for a few
2、years,get married,stay home and raise a family.1_ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._定语表语定语表语表语一、基础点拨过去分词是非谓语动词的一种。从语法功能分析，过去分词兼有动词、形容词或副词的特性，可在句中充当定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。过去分词通常与其逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系，表示被动或完成。下面学习过去分词在句中作定语和表语。考点一 过去分词作定语1过去分词作定语时，其语法功能相当于一个定语从句。The visitor came from a developed country(a country which/that is develope
3、d)这位游客来自一个发达国家。2过去分词作定语时的位置。(1)一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语时放在被修饰词之前。有时为了表示强调，也可放在被修饰词之后。The polluted water has caused much harm to people living here.(前置定语)污染了的水给生活在这里的人们造成了极大的危害。There are many batteries used in the corner of the wasted land.(后置定语)在这块废弃的土地的一角里有很多用过的电池。(2)过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，放在被修饰词之后。The glass b
4、roken by the boy belongs to his teacher.(后置定语)男孩打碎的玻璃杯是他老师的。The driver was sending the books bought in the bookstore to the school library.(后置定语)司机正把在书店买的书送往学校图书馆。3过去分词作定语的时态和语态意义。(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成，即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，且该动作已经完成。He got the position recommended by his friend(the position that
5、 was recommended by his friend)finally.他终于得到了朋友推荐的职位。They accepted the proposal put forward at the meeting(the proposal which/that was put forward at the meeting)at last.他们最终接受了会上提出的建议。(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成，不表示被动。When he looked up,he saw a risen moon(a moon that/which had risen)hanging in the sky.当他
6、抬头向上看时，他看见一轮升起的月亮正挂在天空中。考点二 过去分词作表语过去分词作表语时位于系动词(如 be，get，become，look，feel，seem 等)之后，多表示主语的状态或状况，它所体现的是形容词的特性。They felt excited at the news.听到这个消息，他们感到兴奋。They are all deeply moved by the old mans story.他们都被老人的故事深深打动了。名师指津 过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。He was confused at his error.(状态)他
7、对自己的错误困惑不解。I was confused by the questions that they asked me.(动作)我被他们问的问题弄糊涂了。二、难点突破考点一 过去分词(短语)作非限制性定语，相当于非限制性定语从句，用来补充说明被修饰词的情况，通常用逗号与主句隔开。A girl，dressed in red,came into the room and sat down without a word.一位穿着红衣服的女孩进了房间，没说一句话就坐下了。考点二 三种非谓语形式作定语所表示的内涵：done动作已经完成being done被动的动作正在发生to be done被动的动
8、作将要发生The meeting held yesterday is very important.昨天开的会很重要。All the members of the team have attended the meeting being held.所有的队员都出席了正在举行的会议。It is said that there is a meeting to be held in the hall tomorrow.据说明天这个大厅有个会议要举行。考点三 过去分词与现在分词作表语时的意义区别：过去分词表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到的”现在分词表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人的”Th
9、e man standing there looks frightening,and the little boy is frightened.站在那里的那个男人看起来很可怕，小男孩被他吓着了。His words are surprising,so people present are surprised.他的话令人吃惊，因此在场的人感到很吃惊。.单句语法填空1As we all know,America is a _(develop)country.2If you want to make yourself _(respect),you are to respect others above
10、 all.3_(lead)by the local guide,we went further into the forest.developedrespected Led4_(defeat),these brave soldiers still continued to fight.5It was reported that the famous man got _(murder)last year.6The _(move)story we heard over the radio made us cry.7We were very _ when we heard the _ news.(s
11、hock)Defeatedmurderedmovingshockedshocking8The tiger looked very _,but Li Ping wasnt _.(frighten)9Look!The students _(seat)at the back of the classroom are playing computer games.10Mr.Smith，_ of the _speech,started to read a novel.(tire)frighteningfrightenedseatedtiredtiring.单句改错1The foreign guests
12、following by an interpreter came out of the hall._2Speaking English is different from written English in many ways._3The new building constructed now is to be completed next month._followingfollowedSpeakingSpokenconstructedbeing constructed4They felt quite surprising at the news that their team had
13、failed in this game._5The song,recording in the radio,sounded good at the party that night._surprisingsurprisedrecordingrecorded.语法与写作1他脸上兴奋的表情表明他通过了考试。_ suggested that he had passed the exam.2听到这个令人鼓舞的消息，我们都为祖国感到自豪。_,we all felt proud of our country.3去年开放的那个计算机中心，很受这所学校学生的欢迎。The computer center,_,i
14、s very popular among the students in this school.The excited look on his faceHearing the encouraging newsopened last year4标记在金币上的日期可以证明它是五百年前制造的。From the date _,it is confirmed that it was made five hundred years ago.5他上个月出版的书是基于一个真实的故事。_ is based on a true story.marked on the gold coinHis book publ
15、ished last month如何写劝说信第二板块单元写作文体感知本单元的写作项目属于新课标应用文类别中的“劝说信”。这种题目要求我们就有关问题进行分析并针对这些问题提出自己的看法和建议。一、基本结构1开头(beginning)开门见山，向对方陈述自己的观点。2主体(body)对所提出的问题进行分析并说明理由，接着提出自己的建议。3结尾(ending)呼应开头，重申观点。二、注意事项1开门见山，直入主题。在书信正文的开头找准话题的切入点，自然而然地引出自己想要谈的主题。写信时要充分了解情况，有的放矢，以提高书信的针对性。2给出希望对方采取或终止某种行为的理由。在陈述理由的过程中要换位思考，尽
16、量为对方考虑。要用事实说话，以增强说服力。3语气要委婉。让对方考虑你的想法或者建议，以理服人是关键，不要把自己的想法强加于人。4给出合理建议，通过提建议让对方明确行动的方向，从而达到写信的最终目的。增分佳句一、建议信开头常用句式1Im glad to receive your letter asking for my advice on how to learn Chinese well.我非常高兴收到你的来信，信中你问我如何学好汉语。2I am glad to know that you are going to enter college and it is my great pleasu
17、re to give you some suggestions of choosing your major.我很高兴得知你将进入大学并且很荣幸能就专业选择方面给你一些建议。3Concerning your request,I would like to offer my advice on how to keep fit.对于你的请求，我想就如何保持健康提出我的建议。二、表达建议的常用句式1In the first place，I would recommend a balanced diet.首先，我会推荐均衡饮食。2In my opinion,you would be wise to a
18、ccept his advice.依我之见，采纳他的建议是您的明智之举。3I find it necessary to take down notes while listening.我发现有必要边听边记笔记。4Why not drink a little,exercise,stop smoking and eat more fruit and vegetables?为何不少喝点酒，参加锻炼，不抽烟，多吃水果和蔬菜呢？5If we had followed his advice,we could have done the job better,with less money and fewe
19、r people.如果听取了他的意见，我们不仅可以节省人力、物力，而且还会把工作做得更好。三、建议信结尾常用句式1I do hope you will consider my suggestion.真心希望你能考虑我的建议。2 I hope you will find these proposals/suggestions/recommendations practical/useful/helpful.我希望这些建议/意见/看法对你来说实用/有用/有帮助。写作要求假设你叫李华，请给 Nicolaus Copernicus 写一封 100 词左右的信劝说他出版自己的理论著作，这样可以让每个人都
20、了解他的理论，从而推动科学的发展。注意：1词数 100 左右；2可适当发挥，以使行文连贯。审题谋篇体裁应用文时态一般现在时、将来时等主题劝说别人出书人称第一人称结构首段：引出话题中段：请求 Nicolaus Copernicus 出书的原因尾段：结语遣词造句如果地球是宇宙的中心，行星的运动方式就不是您所观察的那样。(普通表达)The way you have observed would not be the same as the way the planets move if the earth were the centre of the universe(高级表达)_ if the e
21、arth were the centre of the universe.The way the planets move would not be whatyou have observed 某些恒星的亮度似乎在改变，这也很奇怪。(普通表达)It is also strange that the brightness of some stars seems to change.(高级表达)_,the brightness of some stars seems to change.Strangely 如果发表您的新理论，您将面临巨大的挑战。(普通表达)You will face a grea
22、t challenge if you publish your new theory.(高 级 表 达)_ if you publish your new theory.The challenge you will face is great 如果人们没有勇气提出自己的观点，科学就永远得不到进步。(普通表达)Science will never advance if people dont have the courage to put forward their ideas.(高级表达)Science will never advance _people have the courage t
23、o put forward their ideas.unless 妙笔成篇_One possible version：Dear Nicolaus Copernicus，I am a student studying astronomy and I am dying to read your new theory about the solar system.I hope you will publish it for several reasons.The present theory doesnt make sense.On the one hand，the way the planets
24、move wouldnt be what you have observed if the earth were the centre of the universe.On the other hand,it is also strange that the brightness of some stars seems to change.So the sun is the centre of the solar system.Though your observations have been very carefully carried out over many years,you wi
25、ll face a great challenge if you publish your new theory.However,science will never advance unless people have the courage to put forward their ideas.No matter how people oppose it,I think,time will prove that your ideas are right.So I sincerely hope you can publish your new theory.Yours sincerely，Li Huaword部分：请做：课时作业练速度 练能力 练规范点此进入该word板块
