1、Topic 45天气与自然灾害1.天气 (Weather)_ friz7, dense fog, forest, snowy, icy, hot, heat, downpour, warmth, sunny, rainy, blizzard, _ drat16, cool, cold, pour, flash, lightning, hurricane, cloudy, tropical storm, windy, thunderstorm, snowstorm, damp, muddy, thunder, centigrade, degree, climate, pleasant, chan
2、geable, likely2.自然灾害 (Natural Disaster)natural disaster, flood, earthquake, fire, volcano, hurricane, typhoon, hit, _ straIk123.预测与预防 (Prediction and Prevention)forecast, weather forecast, predict, a state of emergency4.后果 (Aftermath)die out, pick up, clear up, _ ruIn18 , damage, _ dIstrI45，death to
3、ll, harm, suffer, suffer from, in need, danger, in danger, _ IndeInd(r)2, stricken area, panic, threaten, discourage5.保护与防卫 (Protection and Defense)provide, supply, support, rescue, confirm, recover, _ dneIt21, shelter, distribute, _ rIlis21, _ ftun19, at the soonest, _ kses38, disasterrelief workfr
4、eeze; drought; strike; ruin; destroy; endanger; donate; release; fortune; accesslikely(2018北京高考)People who have personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely to get angry.(1)选词填空：likely/possible/probableThey are _ to become angry with him.Ill do ev
5、erything _ to help you.It is _ to go to the moon now.Success is highly _.答案：likelypossiblepossibleprobable(2)同义句转换It is likely that he has known the whole story._The weather is likely to be fine._It is likely that he will be late._It is possible for him to solve the problem._答案：He is likely to have
6、known the whole story.Its likely that the weather will be fine.He is likely to be late.It is possible/likely that he will solve the problem.(3)单句写作露茜有可能出国去深造。Lucy _ for further education.她有可能去北京。_ shell go to Beijing.答案：is likely to go abroadIt is likely/possible/probable thatadj. 可能的；预料的；有希望的 proba
7、ble or expectedsb./sth. is likely to_do sth. 某人/某事有可能做It is likely that . 有可能not likely 才不会呢(用于交际用语)likely/possible/probablelikely表面迹象看来有可能，常用于sb./sth. be likely to do sth.或it is likely that句型中possible由于有适当的条件和方法，某事可能发生或做到，强调客观上有可能，但常含有实际希望很小的意思probable语气比possible强，指有根据、合情理、值得相信的事物，有“大概， 很可能”的意思stri
8、ke(2017天津高考)This combination of healing myself and healing the world struck me as the perfect solution.Wilde fell and struck his head on the stone floor.It suddenly struck me how we could improve the situation.The union has voted to strike for a pay increase of 6%.Robina struck a match and held it t
9、o the newspaper in the grate.The clock had just struck three when he got home.Bank of officials continued to insist that the price would soon return to stability but disaster struck.A strike by some ten thousand bank employees has ended after the manager conceded some of their demands.(1)单句语法填空A goo
10、d idea _ (strike) me as I was reading the newspaper._ struck me that we might have made the wrong decision.It struck me _ strange that the man didnt introduce himself before he spoke.The bus drivers are still _ strike.I was struck _ the beauty of the West Lake.答案：struckItasonby(2)单句写作云南的美景给我留下了深刻的印象
11、。I _ the beauty of Yunnan.她突然想到忘了锁门。_ she forgot to lock the door.答案：was deeply struck byIt struck her that(1)v. 给(某人以)印象；让(某人)觉得 to give sb. a particular impression(2)v. 撞；碰；撞击；碰撞 to hit sb./sth. hard or with force(3)v. 突然想到；一下子想起；猛地意识到 to come into sbs mind suddenly(4)v. 罢工 to refuse to work as a
12、protest(5)v. 擦，划(火柴)；击出(火星) to rub sth. such as a match against a surface so that it produces a flame(6)v. 敲；鸣；报时 to show the time by making a ringing noise, etc.(7)v. 侵袭；爆发 to happen suddenly and have a harmful or damaging effect on sb./sth.(8)n. 罢工；罢课；罢市 a period of time when an organized group of
13、 employees of a company stops working because of a disagreement over pay or conditionsendanger(2019江苏高考)Chris and Tim work at a zoo, helping endangered cranes with their reproduction.(1)单句语法填空The sea ice begins to melt, which is a _ (endanger) to the passing boats.Captain Fan Yusen with his tug boat
14、 will help those _ danger.The giant panda is an _ (endanger) species.That dog is _ (danger); it bites people.答案：dangerinendangereddangerous(2)单句写作他病得很重，但医生们说他已脱离危险。He has been very ill, but the doctors say that he is now _.他再这样下去会丢掉工作的。He is _ losing his job if he goes on like this.答案：out of dangeri
15、n danger ofv. 使遭危险；危及；危害 to put sb./sth. in a situation in which they could be harmed or damagedendangered adj. 有灭绝危险的；濒临灭绝的danger n. 危险in danger 处于危险之中out_of danger 脱离了危险in danger of 有危险dangerous adj. 危险的panicTheres no point getting into a panic about the exams.I panicked when I saw smoke coming ou
16、t of the engine.(1)单句语法填空Im _ a panic about getting everything done in time.The banks were panicked _ selling sterling.Many users will panic _ the error message.答案：inintoat(2)句型转换Seeing the building gradually emerged by the flood, people on the top of it panicked.Seeing the building gradually emerge
17、d by the flood, people on the top of it _.Seeing the building gradually emerged by the flood, people on the top of it _.The audience were thrown into a panic when the fire started.The audience _ when the fire started.答案：were in a panic; got into a panicgot into a panic(3)单句写作女孩因恐慌而藏进了柜子里。The girl _
18、hiding herself in a cabinet.火势起来时，办公室人员惊慌逃出。Office workers fled _ as the fire took hold.答案：was panicked intoin panic(1)n. 惊恐；恐慌 a sudden feeling of great fear that cannot be controlled and prevents you from thinking clearly (2)v. (使)惊慌，惊慌失措 to suddenly feel frightened so that you cannot think clearl
19、y and you say or do sth. stupid, dangerous, etc.; to make sb. do thisget into a panic 陷入恐慌in (a) panic 惊慌失措panic sb. into doing sth. 使某人惊慌失措地做某事panic at . 因(看到/听到)而惊慌panic是个不规则变化的动词，其过去式、过去分词、现在分词的形式分别为panicked; panicked; panicking。discourageI leave a light on when Im out to discourage burglars.Thei
20、r criticism did not discourage me. On the contrary, I worked even harder.(1)单句语法填空The results are _ (discourage) to them who have been working hard so far.It is a campaign to discourage _ (smoke) among teenagers.A 10p rise in cigarette prices is not enough to encourage smokers _ (stop)She was determ
21、ined not to be too _ (discourage)答案：discouragingsmokingto stopdiscouraged(2)单句写作She did not allow her failure in the exam _ (使她泄气)Learners can _ (感到很没信心) if an exercise is too difficult.His parents tried to _ (阻止他当演员)答案：to discourage herfeel very discourageddiscourage him from being an actor(1)vt. 阻
22、拦；阻止；劝阻 to try to prevent sth. or to prevent sb. from doing sth., especially by making it difficult to do or by showing that you do not approve of it(2)vt. 使灰心；使泄气；使丧失信心 to make sb. feel less confident or enthusiastic about doing sth.discouraged adj. 感到泄气的discouraging adj. 令人泄气的discourage sb. from_d
23、oing sth. 劝阻某人做某事courage n. 勇气encourage vt. 鼓励encourage sb. to_do sth. 鼓励某人做某事donate(2019北京高考)She donates 10% of AilicCandys profits to Big Smiles.All donated blood is tested for HIV and other infections.(1)单句语法填空The Hope Project _ which everyone at work donates a days pay is significant.Almost a th
24、ird of the best seats are set aside for members, who have made _ (donate) to the opera.The _ refused to tell his name after _ a large sum of money. (donate)答案：todonationsdonator; donating(2)单句写作The businessman _ (捐赠) of money to our school._ (她捐赠她的书给) the library when she retired from her position.答
25、案：made a donationShe donated her books to(1)v. (尤指向慈善机构)捐赠，赠送 to give money, food, clothes, etc. to sb./sth., especially a charity(2)v. 献(血)；捐献(器官) to allow doctors to remove blood or a body organ in order to help sb. who needs itdonate sth. to sb. 向某人捐赠某物donation n. 捐赠；捐款；捐赠物give/make/present a don
26、ation to 向捐赠donator n. 捐赠者.阅读(2019福建三校高三第一学期联考)The things that kids choose to play with can affect our earth. The manufacturing of toys and games can produce harmful pollution and nonbiodegradable waste, which is harmful for our planet. But some toymakers are creating items for kids that aim higher.
27、 They use natural or nonharmful materials, and find ways to reuse and recycle. Toys and kits (成套工具) can also teach kids about environmentally friendly solutions. Here are a few of our favorite lowimpact, fun toys. Test the waterWater is the earths most precious natural resource. Many people take it
28、for granted, but not everybody in the world has access to clean water. Learn about the science behind one solution with Thames & Kosmos Global Water Quality Experiment Kit. The kit comes with tools and instructions for conducting eight important experiments including testing the quality of water and
29、 making dirty water cleaner. ($15) Plant tomatoes When communities in dry, desert regions experience drought, it impacts their agricultural practices. Learn about water preservation and grow delicious cherry tomatoes with Back to the Roots SelfWatering Tomato Planter. It features technology that Afr
30、ican desert farmers have been using for thousands of years: a miniature clay pot releases water, but only when the surrounding soil has dried up. ($30)Draw with veggies Wee Can Toos Veggie Sidewalk Chalk is made from fruit and vegetable powdersits practically safe to eat! The chalk, created using en
31、vironmentally friendly ingredients, has none of the chemicals found in your typical sidewalk chalk. When the rain comes and washes away your masterpiece, no harmful pollutants will be entering the environment. ($12) Create with cardboardWhen cardboard breaks down in a landfill, it creates methane, a
32、 major greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. Recycled cardboard can be transformed into a work of art with the Cardboard Tool Kit from UncommonGoods. The kit comes with 28 reusable parts for fastening cardboard pieces together. Now let your imagination go wild! ($13)篇章导读：本文是一篇广告类应用文。文章主
33、要介绍了四种环保的儿童玩具，包括玩具名称、设计特点、材料来源以及价格等。为低碳减排做贡献(contribute to low carbon emission reduction)，要做到低碳减排，就要从个人做起，从身边的小事做起，为了我们自己，为了整个世界，为了我们的未来！1What is special about Back to the Roots small clay pot?AIt is very pretty.BIt is a recent invention.CIt can improve tomatoes taste.DIt uses technology against dro
34、ught.答案：D推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“It features technology that African desert farmers have been using for thousands of years: a miniature clay pot releases water, but only when the surrounding soil has dried up.”可知，该玩具的特点是使用了非洲沙漠地区的农民已经使用了数千年的技术：当周围的土壤干涸时，微型陶罐才可以放水。据此可推知，这种玩具的特点是使用了抗旱技术，故D项正确。2Which product n
35、eeds users to be imaginative?ACardboard Tool Kit.BVeggie Sidewalk Chalk.CSelfWatering Tomato Planter.DGlobal Water Quality Experiment Kit.答案：A细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Now let your imagination go wild！”可知，Cardboard Tool Kit可以充分发挥人的想象力，故A项正确。3What do the four products have in common?AThey are hard to use.BThe
36、y are earthfriendly toys.CThey are good for kids health.DThey are great choices for art lovers.答案：B细节理解题。根据第一段第四、五句“They use natural or nonharmful materials, and find ways to reuse and recycle. Toys and kits (成套工具) can also teach kids about environmentally friendly solutions.”，并结合四种玩具的特点介绍可知，这四种玩具的共
37、同点是环保，故B项正确。planet n. 地球(尤指环境)preservation n. 保护；维护；保存transform v. 使改变外观(或性质)；使改观take . for grant 认为理所当然(第二段第一句)Water is the earths most precious natural resource.水是地球上最宝贵的自然资源。Every year on April 22 people across the world take part in Earth Day. Communities, governments and schools realize that th
38、e earth needs to be protected. Here are some ideas to teach your students about protecting the earth.Endangered EarthTo make children know the risks of not protecting our environment, try giving them a visual. The website Endangered Earth is a great place to begin. This site is about information wit
39、h pictures, videos and resources for young students to explore endangered animals.Another site is The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This site is designed to teach children the importance of protecting our environment through games and homework. It also offers a lot of lesson plans and teach
40、er resources.The Face of Climate ChangeEarthday. org has announced that the following years theme is calling attention to climate change. “The Face of Climate Change” means that every person who is trying to do their part to help the environment is a face of climate change. To help celebrate this th
41、eme, try the following activities with your studentsExplain that the earth is warming and humans are largely responsible for this.Discuss that the choices that we make today will affect the future of our earth.Talk about how our life is connected to the climate and how we can reduce the risks from c
42、limate change.Use a recyclable water bottle and lunch bag at school.Plant a tree in the school yard.Recycle their papers at school.篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Earth Day的相关情况。生命只有一次，地球只有一个(there is only one earth)。地球就是我们的家，只有我们每个人都做好自己力所能及的事，地球才会陪我们走得更久。4What can we know about Endangered Earth?AIts popular
43、among teachers.BIt gives advice on how to raise animals.CIt teaches students to use videos to protect animals.DIt shows the importance of protecting the environment.答案：D细节理解题。由第二段前两句可知，Endangered Earth网站有助于学生了解环保的重要性。5What topic will Earth Day choose next year?ASave the earth. BClimate change.CEndan
44、gered animals. DOur environment.答案：B细节理解题。由第四段第一句“Earthday.org has announced that the following years theme is calling attention to climate change.”可知，明年Earth Day的主题是关于气候变化的。6What can students do to help protect the earth?ATake good care of trees and flowers at school.BWrite on both sides of every p
45、aper.CAvoid using plastic water bottles.DCarry lunch from home.答案：B细节理解题。由文章最后的“Recycle their papers at school.”可知，选项B正确。7Whats the main purpose of the text?ATo introduce Earth Day.BTo tell the effects of climate change.CTo compare Endangered Earth and EPA.DTo call on us to protect animals on the ea
46、rth.答案：A主旨大意题。本文主要是关于Earth Day的介绍，并呼吁学生保护地球。be responsible for 对负责be connected to 与有联系recyclable adj. 可循环再用的(第四段第二句)“The Face of Climate Change” means that every person who is trying to do their part to help the environment is a face of climate change.译文：“气候变化的重要人物”意为每一个努力参与保护环境的人都是应对气候变化的重要人物。分析：这是
47、一个主从复合句，that引导宾语从句，作动词means的宾语。从句中who引导定语从句，修饰先行词person。El Nifio, a Spanish term for “the Christ child”， was named by South American fisherman who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Nifio sees warm
48、 water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.The weather effects both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Nifio, on balance, than they lose.
49、A study found that a strong Nifio in 1997 helped Americans economy grow by 15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvest, farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural in rich countries in growth than the fall in poor ones.But in Indonesia extremely dry fo
50、rests are in flames. A multiyear drought (干旱) in southeast Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Nino may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.The most recent powerful Nino, in 199798, killed around 21,000 people
51、and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Ninos come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disasterrelief funding in the past two decades has go
52、ne on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on riskreduction saves at least two on reconstruction.Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers (下水道) make it less likely t
53、hat heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and coauthors, civil conflict is related to El Ninos harmful effectsand the poorer the
54、country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disaste
55、rs linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了厄尔尼诺现象对地球的影响，并告诉我们政府应该做更多的投资预防厄尔尼诺的危害而不是在出现问题以后再进行恢复和重建工作。预防是我们能做到的减少灾害损失的最好措施(Prevention is the best way we can reduce losses)，因此我们要努力做到认识自然灾害，分析自然灾害，想出合理有效的应对措施。8What can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1
56、?AIt is named after a South American fisherman.BIt takes place almost every year all over the world.CIt forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.DIt sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.答案：D细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句 “El Nifio sees warm water, collected over several years in the
57、 western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.”可知厄尔尼诺见证了，当通常向西吹的风减弱时，在西太平洋汇集多年的温暖海水会向东回流，有时也会反过来，即厄尔尼诺现象见证了海洋中水流方向的变化。故选D。9What may El Ninos bring about to the countries affected?AAgricultural harvests in rich countries fall.BD
58、roughts become more harmful than floods.CRich countries gains are greater than their losses.DPoor countries suffer less from droughts economically.答案：C细节理解题。根据第二段第二句 “Rich countries gain more from powerful Nifio, on balance, than they lose.”可知，富有国家从厄尔尼诺现象中得到的好处要大于坏处。接着在第三句中列举了1997年的厄尔尼诺给美国经济带来的好处。故选
59、C。10The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that _.Amore investment should go to risk reductionBgovernments of poor countries need more aidCvictims of El Nino deserve more compensationDrecovery and reconstruction should come first答案：A推理判断题。根据第四段第三句“According to the Overseas Development Insti
60、tute (ODI), however, just 12% of disasterrelief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.”可知，根据ODI的观点，为应对厄尔尼诺政府应该做更多的投资预防厄尔尼诺现象的危害，而不是在出现问题以后再进行恢复和重建工作。故A项正确。11What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?ATo introduc
61、e El Nino and its origin.BTo explain the consequences of El Nino.CTo show ways of fighting against El Nino.DTo urge people to prepare for El Nino.答案：D主旨大意题。根据最后一句 “Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the p
62、riority.”可知，各国政府要把减少损失放在优先的位置，也就是说我们要事先做好准备。且结合全文内容，可知D项正确。economy n. 经济agricultural adj. 农业的extremely adv. 极端，非常be related to 和有关(第一段第一句)El Nifio, a Spanish term for “the Christ child”， was named by South American fisherman who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to sev
63、en years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas.译文：厄尔尼诺是西班牙语中“基督之子”的意思，是由一个南美渔民命名的，他注意到，每两到七年发生一次的这种全球气候模式，减少了圣诞节前后的捕鱼量。分析：本句是主从复合句，名词fisherman后面接了一个who引导的定语从句，该定语从句中动词noticed后面的that从句是宾语从句，该宾语从句中又含which引导的非限制性定语从句“which happens every two to seven years”。(2020山东师大附中高三第一次模拟考试)Emoji mig
64、ht not be your first choice of communication in a disaster, but researchers feel they could make a difference during emergencies, where every second counts. Now, the Emojiquake campaign is lobbying for an earthquake emoji to be accepted into the Unicodethe standard group of icons (图标) available on d
65、igital devices worldwide. The campaign aims to find an earthquakeappropriate design to be admitted to Unicode.“Approximately up to one third of the worlds population are exposed to earthquakes，” explains University of Southampton seismologist (地震学家) Dr Stephen Hicks, a founder of the campaign. “So w
66、e really want to be able to communicate to all of those regions, all of those different languages, and an emoji is an amazing way of doing that.”Unlike many other weather and climate related events, where longer warning times or visible signs are available, earthquakes move incredibly quickly and ar
67、e difficult to measure while they are still occurring. Populations in areas like Japan and Mexico are dependent on earthquake early warning technology, which issues an alert on digital devices and broadcast media. “You may have seconds to get under a table or to protect yourself，” explains Dr Hicks.
68、 “That can be life saving in many cases. Naturally you dont want too much wording in the warning message.”Pictographs (象形文字) and other visuals like emoji have a track record of being faster and easier to understand than written information. Dr Sara McBride, a communications specialist, who is also p
69、art of the campaign, told BBC News, “Emoji can cross the boundaries of written languages, helping communicate valuable information to people who may struggle to read a certain language.”The potential usefulness of emoji in emergencies could extend well beyond earthquakes. A team of designers also ca
70、me up with emerjian entire set of emoji for climate and environmental events.篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了一场有助于挽救生命、以添加地震表情符号为目标的运动。地震是破坏力非常大的一个自然灾害，我们要通过各种可能的方式(in all possible ways)，使其对人类的伤害降到最低。12What was the aim of the Emojiquake campaign?ATo add an earthquake emoji to the Unicode.BTo attract peoples at
71、tention to earthquakes.CTo reduce the damages by earthquakes.DTo help communicate in earthquakes.答案：A细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句“Now, the Emojiquake campaign is lobbying for an earthquake emoji to be accepted into the Unicode . The campaign aims to find an earthquakeappropriate design to be admitted to Unicode.
72、”可知，这项运动的目的是添加地震表情符号。故选A项。13What can we infer from Dr Sara McBrides words about emoji?AVisuals like emoji can convey more information.BEmoji is being used to convey valuable information.CEmoji can cross the boundaries of written languages.DEmoji is a universal language in human communication.答案：C推理判
73、断题。根据Dr Sara Mc Bride的话可知，表情符号可以跨越书面语言的界限，帮助那些可能难以阅读某种语言的人传达有价值的信息。故选C项。14What may be the relationship between emoji and emerji?AEmerji is a part of emoji.BEmoji is included into emerji.CThey are two independent systems.DEmerji is for events beyond earthquakes.答案：B细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“A team of designer
74、s also came up with emerjian entire set of emoji for climate and environmental events.”可知，表情符号也包含在emerji中。故选B项。15Which of the following may be the best title of the passage?ACould an emoji save our life?BWhat can emoji do in our life?CHow is emoji changing our life?DDo we really know about emoji?答案：
75、A标题判断题。第一段先是讲述表情符号在灾难中会有作用，接着讲述了一场以添加地震表情符号为目标的运动。地震学家Dr Hicks为此做出了很多解释，想让人们相信表情能挽救生命。分析选项可知A项为最佳标题。故选A项。emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况count v. 重要campaign n. 运动measure v. 测量；度量(第三段第一句)Unlike many other weather and climate related events, where longer warning times or visible signs are available, earthquakes
76、 move incredibly quickly and are difficult to measure while they are still occurring.译文：与其他许多与天气和气候相关的事件不同，在这些事件中，预警时间较长或有可见的迹象，地震移动速度快得令人难以置信，而且在地震仍在发生时，很难测量。分析：本句的主体为earthquakes move quickly and are difficult to measure，其中Unlike many other weather and climate related events作状语。.写作新题型应用文去年夏天，我国南方发生
77、了严重的洪涝灾害，造成了很大的损失。请根据下面3个方面的内容，写一篇新闻报道。1损失：农田被毁，房屋被冲走，很多人无家可归；2洪涝灾害的原因：下雨达数月，森林被砍伐，湖泊被改造成农田；3补救措施：保护河边树木，重建堤坝，还田造湖。词数：80左右。_精彩范文Last summer, a big flood occurred in the south of China. It was very serious.It caused a great loss. Fields were ruined, houses were washed away and many people became home
78、less.There are three reasons for the floods. Firstly, it had kept raining for months. Secondly, many forests had been cut down and the soil was washed away. Finally, some lakes had been turned into fields, which seriously blocked the waterway.Now, some measures have been taken to prevent floods from happening again.The trees along the rivers have been protected. Old dams have been rebuilt and some fields have been turned back into lakes again.写作点拨新闻报道是对最近发生的重要且新鲜的事情的报道或评述。它一般分为五个部分：标题、导语、主体、背景和结语。
