1、课时作业(五)Unit 2Section Using language.阅读理解A Will your happiness differ if you are doing a kind action without any expectation of rewards or with an expectation of rewards? A study by University of Sussex, headed by Dr. Daniel CampbellMeikeljohn, tried to answer that question. He and his partners analy
2、zed over 1,000 brain scans from other studies related to reactions to making a decision based on kindness. They split the studies based on who was making a decision for altruistic (无私的) reasons and who was making a decision due to the expectation of an obvious reward. The results were interesting. I
3、n both instances, the reward center of the brain lit up on the MRI scans (磁共振成像扫描). Yet, for those who made their decision without any rewards, other areas of the brain lit up as well. Specifically, it lit up the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (前扣带皮层区域), which scientists believe plays a role in
4、 emotional regulation. Also, it might aid in maintaining excitement related to an event that creates a positive emotional state. In one study about the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, it is believed that this brain region could be related to depression if it isnt developed properly or is dysfun
5、ctional. The fact that this part of the brain lights up during acts of generosity and caring without expectation of rewards shows that the altruistic individuals are getting more sustainable pleasure than those motivated by rewards. It also could aid in explaining how it helps depressive individuals
6、 feel happier after doing a kind deed. We live in a society, and no man is a lonely island. We all need each other. For those who genuinely desire to help others regardless of repayment, maintaining a balance of helping others and yourself is very important. It is healthy and necessary to be kind to
7、 yourself, as well as to others.1Why did the author think the results interesting?AThere are no differences as to the litup area of the brain.BThe reward center of the brain lit up in one case alone.CThe subgenual anterior cingulate cortex makes no difference.DThe reward center of the brain lit up i
8、n both cases.2What can be learned about the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex?AIt might help keep calm.BIt may make a difference to controlling emotion.CIt can create positive emotion.DIt has nothing to do with depression.3What does the author seem to suggest in the last paragraph?AHelp others reg
9、ardless of yourself.BTreat others and yourself with kindness.CFor the sake of yourself, lend a hand.DPractise kindness at all costs.B Everyone can try his best to achieve something. We dont need to be the best, but to constantly challenge the limits of what we are capable of. I gained this belief fr
10、om my third grade teacher, the most special, honored, trustworthy, and considerate person in my life. Mr. Myrus was always perfectly dressed and spoke with the belief that talking to an eightyearold child didnt mean he had to sacrifice appropriate statements or grammar. And he was demanding,_but he
11、wasnt unreasonable or cruel. He simply felt that no matter what your best was, you should achieve it. Luckily enough, I met him again as my eighth grade math teacher. I was not, nor ever will be, gifted in math. I remember my struggles in class. “I dont know the answer，” I would say. “I cant do it！”
12、“Perhaps you dont know the answer，” he would say quietly. “Do you think we might figure it out together? How do you know what you can do if you dont have a try？” Mr. Myrus lived around the corner, and I would often stop by to talk while he worked in his garden, I knew there was someone who let me kn
13、ow that if I had really tried, that was enough. “Dont be so hard on yourself，” hed say. “Stop blaming yourself. Did you try your best? Well, then youre not a failure，” he often told me these words. Mr. Myrus died in 1978. I had never thought about his death. He was too young. I felt sorry. But when
14、I think about him now, I dont feel so sorry. He taught me to be kind, not only to others, but to myself. He taught me my own value. He taught me something about honor, about truth, and about doing my best and he also taught me that all feelings and beliefs have dignity and deserve respect. And of al
15、l the things I know, I believe that we cant all be “the best”， but we can, each of us, be our best. And I know thats true because Mr. Myrus told me that.4What does the underlined word “demanding” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?AStrict. BIndifferent.CCritical. DCareful.5Why did the author think he
16、 was lucky in Paragraph 3?AMr. Myrus became his teacher again.BMr. Myrus was his teacher for eight years.CHe became interested in math because of Mr. Myrus.DHe developed a good relationship with Mr. Myrus.6What can be inferred from the last paragraph?AThe author may have become a teacher.BThe author
17、 liked to recall his childhood.CThe author believed he would be the best of all.DThe author ended up being a man of selfconfidence.7What can we learn about Mr. Myrus according to the passage?AHe is usually indifferent to the students.BHe is responsible for his students and his teaching.CHe is a pers
18、on who isnt particular about what he wears.DHe is sometimes cruel and unreasonable to his students.七选五We all know the benefits of regular physical activity. But about 80 percent of people dont take exercise every day. Even some say they dont enjoy exercise. _1_ Here are some tips. Find a way of exer
19、cise that best fits your personality. _2_ Take a group exercise class, join a football team or walk with a group of friends. If you prefer having time alone, jogging or yoga will be better for you. Make it a habit. It can take a little while for something to become a habit. _3_ One way is to try to
20、exercise at around the same time each day. “Exercise can become addictive in a positive way，” said Dr. Carnethon, who is also a volunteer of the American Heart Association. _4_ There are many ways to fit exercise into your life. You can find some exercise videos online. Do weight training with thing
21、s around your home. Take a brief walk after lunch. And if you go to school or work by bus, get off a stop earlier and walk the rest of the way. Keep going. If you miss a day, dont worry about it. _5_ Just make sure you get back to exercise the next day. Its easy to make something a habit again. You
22、will see the same benefits. And any little bit you can fit in will show benefits. ABuild exercise into your day.BEverybody struggles once in a while.CSo how can you make exercise pleasant?DBreak up your physical activity into smaller parts.ETherefore, give yourself the time to create a regular routi
23、ne.FIf you are a social person, do something that attracts you socially.GFinding a peer group is the perfect way to share your goals and hobbies.课时作业(五).阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文为说明文。萨塞克斯大学做了一项研究，研究为了得到回报而帮助他人与施恩不图回报有何区别。研究发现积极地帮助别人有很多益处。1答案与解析：D考查细节理解。由第二段中的“In both instances, the reward center of the brain li
24、t up on the MRI scans (磁共振成像扫描)”可知，作者认为非常有趣，因为这两种情况竟然都能使大脑扫描区域中的奖励中心亮起来。2答案与解析：B考查细节理解。由第二段中的“which scientists believe plays a role in emotional regulation”可知该区域起着控制情绪的作用。3答案与解析：B考查推理判断。由最后一段中的“It is healthy and necessary to be kind to yourself，as well as to others”可知作者建议善待别人也要善待自己。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主
25、要讲述了通过Mr. Myrus的帮助，作者意识到只要自己尽了最大的努力就不是一个失败的人，这也帮助作者成为一个有自信的人，相信只要尽力，我们就是最好的自己。4答案与解析：A词义猜测题。根据上文可知，Mr. Myrus总是穿着整齐，即使他与八岁的孩子讲话也不会省掉适当的陈述或语法；再结合下文可知，他只是认为无论你的最高标准是什么，你都应该做到。由此可知，画线词意为“严格的”。对比选项：A项“严格的”；B项“漠不关心的”；C项“批评的”；D项“仔细的”。故选A。5答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Luckily enough, I met him again as my eighth gr
26、ade math teacher.”可知，作者觉得很幸运是因为Mr. Myrus又当了他的老师。故选A。6答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“And of all the things I know, I believe that we cant all be “the best”， but we can, each of us, be our best. And I know thats true because Mr. Myrus told me that.”可推知，作者成了一个有自信的人。故选D。7答案与解析：B推理判断题。结合全文尤其是第一段中的“I gained this b
27、elief from my third grade teacher, the most special, honored, trustworthy, and considerate person in my life.”可知，Mr. Myrus是一个对学生和教学负责的人。故选B。.七选五【语篇解读】作者针对如何让锻炼变得愉快这一问题给出了一些建议。1答案与解析：C根据空前的“Even some say they dont enjoy exercise”可知，甚至有些人说他们不喜欢运动；根据空后的“Here are some tips”可知，接下来要提供一些建议。由此可知，该空承上启下，C选项“
28、那么你怎样才能让锻炼变得愉快呢？”切题，故选C。2答案与解析：F由空后的“Take a group exercise class. with a group of friends”可知，该空引出下文，且与“If you prefer. will be better for you”形成对比，故F选项“如果你是一个好交际的人，那就做一些能在社交方面吸引你的事情”切题，故选F。3答案与解析：E根据空前的“It can take a little while for something to become a habit”可知，某事需要一段时间才能成为习惯；空后讲到“One way is to try to exercise at around the same time each day”，则该空承上启下，E选项“因此，给你自己时间来建立一个规律”符合语境，故选E。 4答案与解析：A该空为本段主题句。根据本段内容可知，这一段主要讲了把锻炼纳入你的日常生活，A项对应空后的“fit exercise into your life”，故选A。5答案与解析：B空前讲“If you miss a day, dont worry about it”，空后讲只要确保你第二天会重新开始锻炼就行了。B选项“每个人偶尔都会艰难地行进”承上启下，符合语境，故选B。
