1、单元综合检测(一)(时间：100分钟；满分：120分)第一部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)ALanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years，but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by huntergatherers，small，tightly knit(联系) groups developed their o
2、wn patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10，000 years ago，when the world had just five to ten million people，they spoke perhaps 12，000 languages between them.Soon afterwards，many of those people started settling down to become farmers，and their languages too
3、 became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centuries，trade，industrialisation，the development of the nationstate and the spread of universal compulsory education，especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades，all have caused many languages to disappear，and dominant
4、 languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present，the world has about 6，800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages，often spoken by many people，which hot，wet zones have lots，
5、often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages；the Americas about 1，000；Africa 2，400；and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3，200，of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6，000，which means that half the worlds languages are
6、 spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6，800 languages are close to extinction(消亡)，with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick，at random，Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers)，Chiapaneco in Mexico(150)，Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three) or Wadjigu in
7、 Australia(one，with a questionmark)：none of these seems to have much chance of survival.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了全球语言多样性的发展变化以及现在所面临的危机。1What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times?AThey developed very fast.BThey were large in number.CThey had similar patterns.DThey were closely connected.B推理判断题。根
8、据第一段的最后一句“Some language experts believe that 10，000 years ago，when the world had just five to ten million people，they spoke perhaps 12，000 languages between them”可知，在狩猎时代，人口少，语言却很丰富，故选B。2Which of the following best explains“dominant” underlined in Paragraph 2?AComplex.BAdvanced.CPowerful.DModern.C词义
9、猜测题。根据第二段最后一句“In recent centuries.all have caused many languages to disappear，and dominant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over”可知，近几个世纪以来，随着社会的发展，很多语言已经消失，英语、西班牙语、汉语逐渐占主导地位。complex“复杂的”；advanced“高级的，先进的”；powerful“有影响力的”；modern“现代的”。故选C。3How many languages are s
10、poken by less than 6，000 people at present?AAbout 6，800.BAbout 3，400.CAbout 2，400.DAbout 1，200.B数字计算题。根据第三段最后一句“The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6，000，which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that”可知，目前全球不同语言使用人数的中位数仅是6 000，这就意味着世界上有一半的语言的使用人数不到6 000；结合第
11、三段第一句“At present，the world has about 6，800 languages”可知，选B。4What is the main idea of the text?ANew languages will be created.BPeoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.CHuman development results in fewer languages.DGeography determines language evolution.C主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句中的“but in recent times the
12、re has been less coming and a lot more going”和第二段可知，随着人类社会的发展，尤其是工业化、全球化以来，很多语言已经消失，即人类的发展使得语言的种类越来越少。故选C。BSweetest Day is celebrated on the third Saturday in October as a day to make someone happy. It is an occasion which offers all of us an opportunity to remember not only the sick, the aged, and
13、children who have lost their parents, but also friends, workmates, relatives and neighbours whose helpfulness and kindness we have enjoyed.Over 60 years ago, when a Cleveland man noticed that some people, such as children who lost their parents and patients who lay in bed, too often felt forgotten a
14、nd neglected, he developed in his mind the idea of showing them that they were remembered.He did this by giving them small gifts. With the help of his friends and neighbours, he gave those people small gifts on a Saturday in October. During the years that followed, other Clevelanders began to take p
15、art in the celebration, which came to be called “Sweetest Day”Over time, the Sweetest Day idea of spreading cheer to the poor, the sick and children who had lost their parents was broadened to include everyone, and became an occasion for remembering others with a kind act or a small gift. Soon the i
16、dea spread to other cities all over the USA.Sweetest Day is not based on any single groups religious beliefs or on a family relationship. It is a reminder that a thoughtful word or deed enriches life and gives it meaning.Because for many people remembering takes the form of gift giving, Sweetest Day
17、 offers us the opportunity to show others that we care, in a positive way.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了美国甜蜜日的由来及意义。在这一天，一份小小的礼物就能帮助我们传达对病人、老年人和失去父母的孩子的关爱以及对朋友、亲人等无私关爱的感激。5Which of the following has little relationship to Sweetest Day?AVisiting sick people of the hospital.BVisiting children who have lost thei
18、r parents.CGiving friends small gifts.DGiving flowers to sweethearts.D细节理解题。由第一段第二句“It is an occasion which offers all of us an opportunity to remember not only the sick，the aged，and children who have lost their parents，but also friends，workmates，relatives and neighbours whose helpfulness and kindne
19、ss we have enjoyed.”可知，此节日没提到送情人鲜花，故选D项。6What do most people usually do to show their care to others according to the passage?AThey give money.BThey give gifts.CThey send regards.DThey offer help.B细节理解题。由文章第二段中的信息“.and became an occasion for remembering others with a kind act or a small gift.”可知B项正确
20、。7The underlined word “neglected” in the second paragraph means “ ”ArememberedBhatedCpaid little or no attention toDdisappointedC词义猜测题。由该词前面的“too often felt forgotten”可知，neglected意为“被忽视的”，故C项正确。CAs a teenager, I hated Physical Education lessons.I was not very good at sports, and I hated team sports
21、because I always felt like I was disappointing the rest of the team. I was always making up excuses to get out of such lessons.When I started university, I decided to try kung fu. To my surprise, I loved it! It was a friendly club, and in my first year most of us were beginners. I used to go two or
22、three times a week to train. Because it is not a team sport, I didnt feel guilty (内疚的) about not being very good.And because it is a combat (格斗) sport, you train in pairs, which means that you get to meet people and talk to them. When I was doing kung fu, I got stronger and quicker. Unluckily, in th
23、e last year of university I was too busy to do kung fu most of the time.When I moved to Italy this year I decided to start doing a combat sport again. I found a great local club that does mixed martial arts (综合格斗) and I love it. The club is more serious than the one at my university and we do lots o
24、f practice fights. It is very fun.When I was a teenager, I would say I just wasnt a sporty person and that I just didnt like sport and never would.Now I know that everyone should try as many sports as possible because there is often something out there for everyone!【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。作者讲述了自己从不喜欢运动到喜欢运动的经历
25、，说明只要尝试，总会找到适合自己的运动。8When the author was a teenager, he Adisliked sportsBoften told lies at schoolCwas poor at his lessonsDdidnt get along with his classmatesA细节理解题。根据第一段，作者青少年时期讨厌体育课，不擅长运动，经常找理由不上体育课和最后一段的第一句可知选项A正确。9Why didnt the author feel guilty about not being very good at kung fu?AHe had neve
26、r done kung fu before.BHe didnt do kung fu often enough.CPeople in that club were very friendly.DHis performance didnt affect others.D细节理解题。第一段提到作者不喜欢团队运动，是因为感到自己做不好会让队员们失望，再根据第二段作者上大学之后喜欢功夫，因为功夫不是团队运动，不会因为自己做不好影响他人而感到内疚。10What can we learn about the author?AHe went to work in Italy after university
27、.BHe felt regretful over his boring childhood.CHe liked combat sports more than team sports.DHe didnt do kung fu in the last year of university.C细节理解题。通读全文可知，作者不喜欢团队运动是因为害怕自己做不好而使其他队员失望，而格斗运动则正好符合作者的心愿。11What might be the best title for the text?AWhy I Hated SportsBWhy I Should Do SportsCWhat I Lear
28、ned from SportsDHow I Became A sports LoverD主旨概括题。作者讲述了自己是如何从青少年时期不爱运动到上大学之后爱上运动的，故选项D符合题意。DLise Meitner was born in Vienna, Austria on November 7, 1878. She was the third child of eight children in the family. Her father Philipp, who was a lawyer, hired personal teachers to teach the children, and
29、she learned mathematics very well. Music was important to the family, and all the children learned to play the piano. The Meitner children were taught to listen to their parents, but to think for themselves.When Lise Meitner finished school at the age of 14, she could not go to college for higher ed
30、ucation, as were all girls in Austria.But, inspired by the discovery of Henri Becquerel, she was determined to study radioactivity (放射性)When she turned 21, women were finally allowed into Austrian universities.Meitner was admitted into the University of Vienna; there she was excellent at math and ph
31、ysics and earned her doctors degree in 1906. She wrote to Marie Curie, but there was no room for her in the Paris lab, so Meitner made her way to Berlin. There she worked with Otto Hahn, but as an Austrian Jewish woman, she was excluded from the main labs and allowed to work only in the basement.In
32、1912, the pair moved to a new university and Meitner had better lab equipment. Though Meitner was forced to escape Nazi Germany in 1938, they continued to cowork. Meitner continued her work in Sweden and later they found the phenomenon “nuclear fission (核裂变)”. The discovery, which finally led to the
33、 atomic bomb, won Hahn the Nobel Prize in 1944. Meitner, ignored by the Nobel committee (委员会), refused to return to Germany after the war and continued her atomic research in Stockholm into her 80s.【语篇解读】本文是记叙性说明文。Lise Meitner是一位奥地利女科学家，文章介绍了她对核物理学的贡献。12What do we know about Lise Meitners childhood?
34、AShe received a good education.BShe often went against her parents.CShe showed a great talent for music.DShe lived a hard life with her family.A推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Her father Philipp, who was a lawyer, hired personal teachers to teach the children, and she learned mathematics very well. Music was importan
35、t to the family, and all the children learned to play the piano”可知，Lise Meitner小时候接受了良好的教育。13Why didnt Lise Meitner go to college after finishing high school?AShe wasnt interested in college.BGirls in her country were not allowed.CHer family couldnt afford the school fees.DShe wanted to study radioa
36、ctivity by herself.B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When Lise Meitner finished school at the age of 14, she could not go to college for higher education, as were all girls in Austria”及第三段第一句可知，Lise Meitner高中毕业后没能上大学是因为当时在奥地利女孩不允许上大学。14What did Lise Meitner probably realize when working in Berlin?AShe was unfairly tre
37、ated there.BShe made the wrong college choice.CShe should have kept her identity a secret.DShe should find a better partner than Otto Hahn.A推理判断题。根据第三段中的“.but as an Austrian Jewish woman，she was excluded from the main labs and allowed to work only in the basement”可知，由于身份的缘故，她被不公平地对待。15What was most
38、probably Lise Meitners attitude toward the Nobel committee?AIndifferent.BUnclear.CAngry.DSupportive.C推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Meitner，ignored by the Nobel committee(委员会)，refused to return to Germany after the war and continued her atomic research in Stockholm into her 80s.”可推断，Meitner对诺贝尔奖委员会对自己的忽视感到非常气愤。第二节(
39、共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)Communication TipsHere are some suggestions about making your talk with your parents turn out for the best.Be honest.If youre always honest, your parents will be likely to believe what you say. If you sometimes hide the truth, parents will have a harder time to believe what you tell
40、 them. 16 Be brave and start talking.Its easy to say “Hi, Mum” or “Dad, can you pass the potatoes？” 17 Lets face it. You will feel embarrassed (尴尬的)when talking about something personal, but your parents know you quite well.They were your age once, too! So dont let a little embarrassment stop you. I
41、ts OK to go ahead and share whats on your mind. 18 If you have a disagreement, can you consider things from your parents points of view? If you can, telling your parents you understand their views and feelings helps them be willing to understand yours, too.Try not to argue.Using a friendly and respe
42、ctful tone makes your parents more likely to listen to you and take what you say seriously. 19 What if it doesnt work? If you still cant talk to your parents, seek other adults help. 20 Then follow all the tips above to make you communicate with that person well.AExplain your situation.BTry to under
43、stand them.CIf you lie, theyll find it hard to trust you.DParents are the most important people in your life.EBut it can be harder to start talking about personal topics.FIt also makes it more likely that theyll talk to you in the same way.GFind a relative or a teacher who will listen to, understand
44、 and care about you.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章提出了几个与父母更好的沟通的方法。16C本段主旨为要诚实，C项“如果你说谎，他们将很难信任你”与该段主旨吻合，而且三个“If”句，表示状况逐步变糟。17E从空白后的face it可知，后面面临的是较难的问题，正好与前面的easy构成转折关系。由此推知，该处为过渡句，E项“但是，讨论个人问题会较难开口”符合逻辑。18B本段主要讲如果你与父母之间有分歧时，你要从他们的角度考虑问题，这样他们也会愿意去理解你的想法，B项“试图去理解他们”与本段主要内容吻合，总领该段。19F空白处前提到不要争吵，要用友好和尊重的语气和父母交流，因为这
45、样也更可能会让你的父母以同样的方式与你交流，F项中的“It”指代空前句子。20G根据空白处前句子“如果你仍然不能和父母交流，那就寻求其他成年人的帮助”，由此可知，空白处填“找一个倾听你、理解你、关心你的亲戚或老师”符合语境。第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)Even though my grandfather was a farmer, my grandmother would iron(熨烫) his work clothes every day. She would sprinkle (喷洒) grandpas 21 with somethi
46、ng, hang them over a chair so they could dry a bit, and then iron them. I 22 her do this through my childhood.I thought every old woman in the world did it. But as the years passed, I began to 23 this practice.Why did grandfather need his work clothes 24 ？ Most days, he never met anyone but me and a
47、 few other farmers.One day I asked grandma about it. She told me that grandpa was the most 25 man in the world, and he was the 26 of her life.Later that day, I looked closely at grandpa.He sure didnt look all that handsome to me.He was a short and skinny man. His hair was 27 on top，and his false tee
48、th didnt line up very well when he smiled.So I 28 grandma about it again. I informed her I had observed grandpa.She 29 and said, “You just arent viewing things from the right perspective (角度). Those eye wrinkles havent always been there.He has beautiful blue eyes.” She 30 ， “I want him to feel beaut
49、iful. I iron his clothes every day 31 he has made me feel beautiful for all these years. He is a man worthy of 32 ” I heard what she said and was still puzzled.How could this old woman think that an old man with false 33 was beautiful?The years went on, and I watched grandma and grandpa grow old tog
50、ether. I 34 knew what beauty really wasit was grandma ironing grandpas pants. I was ashamed and decided to 35 the question I had asked.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。作者小时候经常看到祖母为祖父熨烫衣服，尽管祖父只是一个农民。作者开始对此很是不解，后来随着作者不断长大，才逐渐明白他们之间的爱以及什么才是真正的美。21A.suitsBscarvesCpantsDshirtsC根据第一句中的farmer和work clothes以及后文的ironing grandpas
51、 pants可知答案。22A.helpedBwatchedCheardDmadeB根据空前的描述可知，因为“我”儿时一直看着祖母这样做，所以一直认为世界上所有的老妇人都是这样做的。23A.missBadmireCquestionDappreciateC根据空后句子的疑问可知，几年后，“我”开始质疑这种做法。24A.ironedBwashedCdriedDchangedA根据上文可知，此处是指熨烫。祖父是一个农民，所以“我”不知道为什么祖父的衣服需要熨烫，大多数时候，他只见“我”或其他一些农民。25A.honestBhandsomeCenergeticDintelligentB第三段第二句中ha
52、ndsome有提示，祖母告诉“我”说，祖父是世界上最英俊的男人。26A.loveBmirrorCfutureDexampleA根据下文内容可知，祖母很爱祖父。27A.blackBcurlyCthickDthinD祖父是一个身材矮小、瘦瘦的男人，头顶的头发稀薄，而且笑起来时露出的假牙也不太整齐。28A.informedBremindedCaskedDwarnedC根据上文可知，“我”和祖母对祖父的认识不一致，所以“我”又问祖母这个问题。29A.sighedBapologizedCnoddedDlaughedD根据上下文语境可推知，祖母一边笑一边对“我”说：“那是因为你没有从正确的角度观察。”30
53、A.repeatedBarguedCcontinuedDacceptedC祖母继续说道：“我希望他觉得满意。”其它词和该处语境不符。31A.thoughBwhileCandDbecauseD本空前后构成因果关系，祖母说：“我每天都给祖父熨烫衣服，因为这些年来，他让我感觉很满意很幸福。”32A.noticeBpraiseCrespectDattentionC虽然祖父是一个农民，在“我”看来并不帅，但是祖母让祖父每天都穿得体面，因为在祖母心里，祖父是一个值得尊重的人。33A.teethBhairCeyesDearsA参考上题解析。且上文的false teeth有提示。34A.hardlyBquic
54、klyCimmediatelyDgraduallyD几年过去了，“我”看着祖父祖母一起慢慢变老。“我”也逐渐明白了什么才是真正的美。根据上文“我”的困惑以及该空前The years went on可知，该空为“慢慢地，逐渐地”。35A.forgetBconsiderCanswerDfaceA因为“我”明白了祖父祖母之间的爱，所以对自己之前的无知感到羞愧，并决定忘了曾经问过的问题。第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)As a boy, Charles Darwin showed a great interest in living things. He loved to walk t
55、hrough the woods, 36. (look) at plants and birds. At the age of 8, Darwin 37. (send) to school, where he studied Latin, classical literature and ancient history. Young Darwin thought that these subjects were boring and useless. He preferred 38. (science) studies. As a result, he did 39. (poor) in hi
56、s school lessons.In 1828, Darwins father, who was very strict 40. his son, sent him to Cambridge and he became a student of Professor John Henslow. Upon graduation, Professor Henslow asked him 41. (go) with Captain Fitzroy on a survey trip around the world.During the voyage, Darwin collected rocks,
57、bones and 42. (insect). He noted what he observed.The widely 43. (accept) theory in those days was that God created all the creatures on earth. In 1859, Darwin published his famous book, The Origin of Species, in 44. he explained his famous theory of evolution (进化)Today, Charles Darwin is recognized
58、 as one of 45. greatest scientists the world has ever seen for his great achievements.【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。本章介绍了世界著名生物学家达尔文的生平事迹。36looking考查非谓语动词。looking at plants and birds是现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随情况或方式(分词动作look与逻辑主语之间是主动关系)。37was sent考查动词的时态和语态。主语Darwin是动作send的承受者，用被动语态；这里说的是过去的事，用一般过去时。38scientific考查词性转换。空白处所填词在句中
59、作定语，修饰名词studies，故用其形容词形式。39poorly考查词性转换。空白处所填词在句中修饰整个句子，故用其副词形式。40with考查固定搭配。be strict with sb.意为“对某人要求严格”。41to go考查不定式。ask sb.to do sth.意思是“让某人做某事”。42insects考查名词复数。根据空前的rocks和bones可知，此处填insect的复数形式。43accepted考查词性转换。过去分词accepted作定语，修饰theory(分词动作accept与被修饰词theory之间是被动关系)。44which考查定语从句。in which he exp
60、lained his famous theory of evolution是“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词his famous book。45the考查冠词。形容词最高级前用定冠词the。第三部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)假定你是李华。请根据下面表格中的内容提示，以My Hero为题，为校报的英语园地写一篇英语短文，介绍你最崇拜的一位中国科学家。姓名梁建英出生年份1972年职务中国高铁总设计师主要经历1995年大学毕业后开始从事高铁研发工作；研制出时速300350公里高速动车组；2015年获奖。注意：1词数80左右；2可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：高速
61、动车组highspeed EMU 【参考范文】My HeroEach person has his/her own hero. My hero is Liang Jianying, general designer of the China highspeed railway.Liang Jianying was born in 1972. Since her graduation in 1995, she has been devoting all her time to researching into the development of the China highspeed rail
62、way. Thanks to her creative work, China is playing a leading role in highspeed railways all over the world.She has worked hard and overcome many difficulties. The invention of the 300350km/h highspeed EMU makes it convenient for us to get around quickly. Because of her outstanding contributions to o
63、ur country, she was awarded in 2015.第二节(满分25分)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。One day my dad came back home in his truck and there was a cage in the back. Naturally I was curious, so I went towards the truck when I noticed that there was a small little goat that wasnt even an adult
64、 yet.I asked my dad and he said that he bought the goat from his friend and he was going to kill it twenty minutes after he brought it home so that we would have a big meal.My sister was there too and she was strongly for my view. We found out we got really mad at my dad and told him not to kill it.
65、 After about 10 minutes of complaining we finally convinced my dad not to kill it because we told him that there was no reason for him to kill the goat himself when he could just buy goat meat at a store.My parents know some friends that we visit sometimes and their family really like animals so we
66、decided to give it to them. For about a month, they had the goat as a pet and they also had the same problems as we had because the dad wanted to kill it and eat it but the rest of the family didnt want it to die.They also were able to persuade him not to do so. They ended up sending the goat to a f
67、amily members farm where it would grow up happily.Another thing that has happened to influence my belief is that I have a neighbor that really likes hunting. One day he hunted a deer and brought the body home, but he decided to leave it outside his house for everyone to see. He just left it there as
68、 if it were some kind of award that he just won. Sadly little kids started to make fun of the body and pretended to ride on it. They laughed at it and felt no problem with there being a dead deer just laying.Paragraph 1：I felt sick by what was happening and left because of what I had just witnessed.
69、 Paragraph 2：It amazes me how we have changed from hunting to survive to hunting for sport. 【参考范文】Paragraph 1：I felt sick by what was happening and left because of what I had just witnessed.The majority of the people there saw no problem with what was happening. They didnt think they were doing wron
70、g and that they were to blame for that. A month later, I found out that my neighbors daughter wanted to hunt when she got older because she thought it was “fun”， which bothered me greatly.Paragraph 2：It amazes me how we have changed from hunting to survive to hunting for sport. I just dont think the
71、re is any reason to kill a living thing for fun. This just leads people to hunt animals.And even the small little goat is endangered because people start to think that theres nothing wrong with killing a life as long as its not a human. If theres one thing I beg you to do, its to be openminded towards animals not just to humans and dont kill for sport.
