1、北京市海淀区2021届高三英语下学期二模试题（含解析）本试卷共8页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题L5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在 答题纸上将该项涂黑。Jeremy can no longer read, drive a car or even recognize faces. But the 20-year-old, who lost his central vision
2、two years ago, can _1_ hit a small white ball into a slightly larger hole from a considerable distance.Jeremy was diagnosed with an extremely rare disease called LHON. Faced with the onset of blindness, Jeremy admits he _2_ into depression for a couple of months and feared hed never play golf again.
3、One day on TV he saw a guy crying bitterly who had just lost his family when a plane crashed down on his house. Jeremy thought, “If this guy can make it through this, then I can _3_ having no central vision.” That became his motto: “Things could be _4_.”So six months after losing his sight, Jeremy d
4、ecided to _5_ his golf club again. He had played every Sunday since the age of twelve with his Dad Lionel. Blind golf brought them even closer because, unlike the regular version of the sport, its a _6_ game.Lionel acts as his sons sighted coach on the course. He _7_ the hole and hazards（障碍）. Then h
5、e points in the direction, while Jeremy places his chin on his dads shoulder to get a _8_ of the correct position.They played together and won the World Blind Golf Championship. Besides, Jeremy has been collecting money and raising _9_ of LHON with sponsored bike rides, half-marathons and even sky d
6、ives. “Thats the greater _10_ of my doing anything,” he told CNN.1. A. casuallyB. seriouslyC. successfullyD. accidentally2. A. ranB. lookedC. slippedD. burst3. A. avoidB. sufferC. escapeD. survive4. A. funnierB. worseC. simplerD. crazier5. A. look forB. show offC. pick upD. deal with6. A. teamB. cla
7、ssC. mindD. strength7. A. clearsB. measuresC. discoversD. describes8. A. senseB. signC. viewD. mark9. A. levelsB. awarenessC. standardsD. spirit10. A. challengeB. opportunityC. potentialD. purpose【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. D【解析】这是一篇记叙文。20岁的杰里米两年前失去了中心视力，但他可以从相当远的地方成功地将一个小白球
8、击进一个稍大一点的洞里。他曾一度陷入抑郁和绝望，但是在看到一个失去家人的人挺了过来之后，他重新振作起来。杰里米在父亲的帮助下重新开始打高尔夫，并通过一系列活动募捐来提高人们对LHON的认识。【1题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这位20岁的年轻人两年前失去了中心视力，但他可以从相当远的地方成功地将一个小白球击进一个稍大一点的洞里。A.casually随意地；B.seriously严肃地；C.successfully成功地；D.accidentally偶然地。根据转折词but可知，此处是指虽然他失去了中心视力，但是他可以从相当远的地方成功地将一个小白球击进一个稍大一点的洞里。故选C。【2题详解】考
9、查动词词义辨析。句意：面对失明的威胁，杰里米承认有几个月他陷入了抑郁，还担心自己再也不能打高尔夫了。A.ran运营；B.looked看；C.slipped滑倒；D.burst爆炸。根据“feared hed never play golf again”可知，此处是指他陷入了抑郁。slip into意为“陷入”。故选C。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果这家伙能挺过来，那我没有中心视力也能活下来。A.avoid避免；B.suffer遭受；C.escape逃跑；D.survive幸存。根据“One day on TV he saw a guy crying bitterly who had
10、just lost his family when a plane crashed down on his house.”（一天，他在电视上看到一个人哭得很伤心，因为一架飞机坠毁在他的房子上，他刚刚失去了家人。）可知，此处是指Jeremy想如果这个人这么悲惨也能挺过来，那自己没有中心视力也能活下来。故选D。【4题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：情况可以更糟。A.funnier更有趣；B.worse更糟糕的；C.simpler更简单的；D.crazier更疯狂的。根据“If this guy can make it through this, then I can survive having
11、no central vision.”可知，此处是指总有人比自己的情况更糟。故选B。【5题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以在失去视力6个月后，杰里米决定重新拿起他的高尔夫球杆。A.look for寻找；B.show off炫耀；C.pick up捡起；D.deal with处理。根据“He had played every Sunday since the age of twelve with his Dad Lionel. ”（从12岁开始，他每个星期天都和爸爸莱昂内尔一起打球。）可知，此处是指杰里米决定重新拿起他的高尔夫球杆。故选C。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：盲人高尔夫让他们的
12、距离更近了，因为与普通的高尔夫运动不同，它是一项团队运动。A.team团队；B.class班级；C.mind精神；D.strength力量。根据“Then he points in the direction, while Jeremy places his chin on his dads shoulder”（然后他指向那个方向，杰里米把下巴放在他爸爸的肩膀上）可知，这是一项团队运动。故选A。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他描述洞和障碍。A.clears清除；B.measures测量；C.discovers发现；D.describes描述。根据“Lionel acts as his s
13、ons sighted coach on the course. ”（莱昂内尔是他儿子在球场上视力教练。）可知，此处是指他描述洞和障碍。故选D。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他指向那个方向，杰里米把下巴放在他爸爸的肩膀上以感知正确的位置。A.sense感知；B.sign签署；C.view观察；D.mark标记。根据“Then he points in the direction”可知，杰里米把下巴放在他爸爸的肩膀上是为了感知正确的位置。故选A。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，杰里米一直在筹集资金，并通过赞助自行车骑行、半程马拉松甚至跳伞来提高人们对LHON的认识。A.lev
14、els等级；B.awareness认识；C.standards标准；D.spirit精神。根据“of LHON ”可知，此处是指提高人们对LHON的认识。故选B。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是我做任何事的更大目的A.challenge挑战；B.opportunity机会；C.potential潜力；D.purpose目的。根据“raising awareness of LHON”可知，此处是指提高人们对LHON的认识是杰里米做任何事的更大目的。故选D。第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Beiji
15、ng residents woke up to yellow sky on Sunday morning as northern China _11_ (hit) by the largest sandstorm of the decade.Air pollution readings rose to the upper limit of 500 at 8 a.m., according to data from the citys environmental monitory center, as visibility was reduced to _12_ (little) than 1,
16、000 meters in parts of the city.The citys weather bureau advised residents to stay indoors as much as possible, while experts are working to find out _13_ the sandstorm came into being.【答案】11. was hit/had been hit/was being hit 12. less 13. how/why【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了中国北方遭遇的一场十年来最大的沙尘暴。【11题详解】考查时态
17、和语态。句意：周日早上，北京居民一觉醒来就看到了黄色的天空，中国北方遭遇了（正在遭遇）十年来最大的沙尘暴。此处缺乏谓语，动词hit意为“袭击”，和主语northern China构成被动关系，主语是单数，谓语也用单数形式。根据“Beijing residents woke up to yellow sky on Sunday morning”可知，此处是讲过去的事，可以用一般过去时的被动语态；也可以表示中国北方先遭遇了沙尘暴，北京居民一觉醒来就看到了黄色的天空，即“过去的过去”，这样应使用过去完成时的被动语态；还可以表示中国北方正在遭遇沙尘暴，北京居民一觉醒来就看到了黄色的天空，这样应使用过去
18、进行时的被动语态。故填was hit/had been hit/was being hit。【12题详解】考查比较级。句意：北京市环境监测中心的数据显示，上午8点，空气污染指数升至500的上限，部分地区能见度降至不到1000米。根据than可知，此处应用比较级。故填less。【13题详解】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：北京市气象局建议居民尽量待在室内，同时专家们正在调查沙尘暴是如何（为何）形成的。介词out后接宾语从句，根据“experts are working to find out”可知，此处是指调查沙尘暴是如何形成的或为何形成的，所以应用how或why引导宾语从句。故填how/why。B阅
19、读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Speaking of map apps, some users have found that they are useful for more than just _14_(find) ones way. One man, San Franciscos Lenny Maughan, uses them to make works of art.Lenny runs everywhere he can. _15_ he goes, he tracks his progress by using an app, such as Ma
20、p MyRun or Strava. As he runs, the app traces a line along the path he follows. So, to make his runs more fun, Lenny decided to run _16_ patterns that would create amazing images. To date, he has shared runs that have turned into images of a heart, a portrait of artist Frida Kahlo, and more.【答案】14.
21、finding 15. Wherever 16. in【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过描述Lenny Maughan使用地图应用来制作艺术品的事例来说明很多用户发现地图应用并不只是可以用来导航。【14题详解】考查动名词。句意：说到地图应用，一些用户发现它们的用途不仅仅是找路。在介词than后应用动名词作宾语。故填finding。【15题详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：无论他走到哪里，他都会使用Map MyRun或Strava等应用程序来跟踪自己的进展。根据“he tracks his progress”可知，此处是指“无论他走到哪里”。所以应用wherever引导让步状语从句。故填Whereve
22、r。【16题详解】考查介词。句意：所以，为了让他的跑步更有趣，莱尼决定用能创造惊人图像的模式跑步。表示“以某种模式”应用介词in。故填in。C阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In 2016, I unpacked my luggage at a newly constructed New York hotel only to realize that I _17_(forget) my toothpaste. I called room service, and an _18_ (energy) voice responded, Someone will bri
23、ng it right up. Two minutes later, I opened my door only to discover an object resembling a trash can on wheels, _19_ (equip) with a lid, a large button and a small digital screen. I cautiously pushed the button and the lid opened, revealing a toothpaste tube. The digital display flashed Thank you.
24、The robotic visitor then turned around and rolled away. Before it disappeared, I snapped a photo, sending it to a friend, _20_ later responded, Wow, so cool!【答案】17. had forgotten 18. energetic 19. equipped 20. who【解析】这是一篇记叙文。作者入住一家酒店打开行李时发现自己忘了带牙膏，于是客房服务派了一个机器人来为作者送牙膏。作者觉得这很酷。【17题详解】考查过去完成时。句意：2016年
25、，我在纽约一家新建的酒店打开行李，才发现自己忘了带牙膏。忘记带牙膏发生在在纽约一家新建的酒店打开行李之前，所以应用过去完成时。故填had forgotten。【18题详解】考查形容词。句意：我叫了客房服务，一个充满活力的声音回应了我修饰名词voice应用形容词。故填energetic。【19题详解】考查过去分词。句意：两分钟后，我打开门，却发现一个类似有轮子的垃圾桶的东西，有盖子、一个大按钮和一个小数字屏幕。be equipped with意为“配备有”，为固定搭配，所以应用过去分词作状语。故填equipped。【20题详解】考查定语从句。句意：在它消失之前，我拍了一张照片，发给了一个朋友，他
26、后来回复说：“哇，太酷了！”非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为a friend，所以应用关系代词who。故填who。第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该 项涂黑。AAubrey is a FedEx driver who has made regular delivery stops in a rural neighborhood in Indiana. During her stops there, she would see an 11-year-old boy,
27、 Elijah, playing basketball with an old and rusty bent hoop.It was crazy to me how happy he was with the broken hoop. Every time I saw him, he was so joyful playing basketball. Seeing him so happy stuck with me, said Aubrey.The FedEx driver thought about Elijah many times over the months, and decide
28、d that she wanted to bless him in a special way. I just wouldnt stop thinking about it. I really wanted to get him a hoop. He deserves it.Aubrey went out and bought a new basketball hoop and installed it when the family wasnt home. She left a note that read: Just wanted you and your son to have the
29、best hoop thatll grow with him and all his friends. She signed herself just one of the FedEx drivers in the area.I read the note, and the moment I realized who it was from, I started to cry, said Coledo, Elijahs mom. When Elijah came home and I showed it to him, he got really emotional. He got teary
30、-eyed but hes an 11-year-old boy, so he really didnt want to admit he was crying, laughed Coledo. He just sat there for 10 minutes staring at the hoop until it really touched him that she went out of her way to do something just for him.Aubrey had no idea how much her surprise gift had impacted Elij
31、ah and his family. They all had gone through a difficult year with Coledos husband suffering a serious injury, and Coledo crashing her car. Its just been a hard year. Were so humbled and grateful she would do this for us. This has been a huge thing for us, said Coledo.When Aubrey made another FedEx
32、delivery to their neighborhood, Elijah saw her, ran to her and hugged her. Elijah also gave Aubrey a card he made for her. And he invited her to play a game of basketball with him and his younger brother.It was almost like wed always known each other. I really bonded with the boys, said Aubrey. Im j
33、ust really happy they know that someone is out there for them.21. Aubrey bought Elijah a new basketball hoop because _.A. she wanted to make a friend using a surprise giftB. she was eager to donate to children in the rural areaC. she was impressed by Elijahs passion for basketballD. she thought Elij
34、ah was unhappy with the broken hoop22. How did the family feel when they saw the new hoop?A. Touched.B. Satisfied.C. Relaxed.D. Honored.23. What influence did Aubreys gift have on Elijah and his family?A. It helped Elijah achieve his dream.B. It reduced the familys financial burden.C. It gave the fa
35、mily warmth at a difficult time.D. It encouraged Elijah to bond with the other boys.【答案】21. C 22. A 23. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。Aubrey是一名联邦快递的司机，他经常在印第安纳州的一个农村地区送货。在那里Aubrey经常看一名11岁的男孩Elijah打篮球，篮球框又破又旧，但是他充满激情。Aubrey被这种激情所震撼到，于是送给了他一个新的篮球框。这给Elijah的家庭带来了困难时期的温暖。【21题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“It was crazy to me how h
36、appy he was with the broken hoop. Every time I saw him, he was so joyful playing basketball. Seeing him so happy stuck with me”（我简直不敢相信他对那个坏了的篮框那么开心。每次我看到他，他打篮球是那么快乐。看到他这么开心，我就受不了了）可知，Aubrey给Elijah买了一个新的篮球框，因为她对Elijah对篮球的热爱印象深刻。故选C。【22题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“I read the note, and the moment I realized who
37、 it was from, I started to cry”（我看了纸条，一意识到是谁写的，我就开始哭了）和第二句第三句“When Elijah came home and I showed it to him, he got really emotional. He got teary-eyed but hes an 11-year-old boy, so he really didnt want to admit he was crying”（Elijah回家后，我给他看的时候，他很激动。他哭了，但他是一个11岁的男孩，所以他真的不想承认自己哭了）可知，这个家庭看到新篮框时感到很感动。故
38、选A。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据倒第三段第三句和第四句“Its just been a hard year. Were so humbled and grateful she would do this for us.”（这是艰难的一年。她愿意为我们做这件事，我们感到既谦卑又感激。）可知，Aubrey的礼物给了这个家庭在困难时期的温暖。故选C。B(WAIKING WATER EXPERIMENT)Walking Water Science Experiment for KidsLets get set up for walking water with a few quick and ea
39、sy steps the kids can definitely be a part of! We used test tubes for three sets of primary colors. You can use less as long as you have enough to go around with all the colors mixing. First, add red, yellow, and blue food coloring (one color per test tube) in order. Give each test tube a little sti
40、r (搅拌)to evenly distribute the color. Try to put the same amount of food coloring in each container. Cut thin strips of white paper towel to fit in the test tubes. Place them into the test tubes. There will be two ends in each tube. Wait and watch what happens. At this point, you can set up a stopwa
41、tch to make notes of how long it takes for the colors to meet and mix.Before you insert the strips, you have the perfect opportunity to make some predictions about what will happen. Have your kids come up with a prediction for their experiment? Will the water walk? You can start the conversation wit
42、h What do you think will happen when we put the towels into the water?The whole process starts pretty quickly but it does take a while for the colors to begin to mix with each other. Extend the science activity: pull out the watercolors and do some color mixing art while you wait. Make sure to check
43、 on your walking water science experiment every once in a while to see the changes that are constantly taking place. The kids will be amazed at how the water seems to fight against gravity! As the paper towels absorb the colored water, the water travels up the towel strip. It meets up with the other
44、 colored water that has traveled up the neighboring strip. Where the primary colors interact, they turn into the secondary colors. Both colors will continue to travel as long as the towel fibers absorb the water.The experiment is colorful and simple to do! Plus, it is interesting for multiple ages.
45、Older kids should be able to set it up all by themselves and can also use our science journal page to record their results.24. What materials are needed for the experiment?A. Test tubes, food coloring and paper towel.B. Drinking water, test tubes and a notebook.C. Food coloring, water cups and a pap
46、er cutter.D. Mixed colors, towel strips and food containers.25. In the experiment, youre expected to _.A. add three colors into each containerB. set up a stopwatch from the beginningC. put colorful towel strips in the test tubesD. stir each test tube to make the color even26. Water in the test tubes
47、 can walk because _.A. food coloring has the power to take in waterB. towel fibers absorb water and allow it to travelC. water flows naturally under the influence of gravityD. colors interact with each other and thus travel easily【答案】24. A 25. D 26. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个“行走的水”的实验的材料、步骤和注意事项。【24题详
48、解】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“We used test tubes for three sets of primary colors.”（我们用试管测出三组原色。），第四句“First, add red, yellow, and blue food coloring (one color per test tube) in order.”（首先，依次加入红色、黄色和蓝色食用色素(每个试管一种颜色)。）和第七句“Cut thin strips of white paper towel to fit in the test tubes.”（切出薄薄的白纸巾条以适应试管。）可知，实验需要的材料有
49、试管、食用色素和纸巾。故选A。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第五句“Give each test tube a little stir (搅拌)to evenly distribute the color.”（把每个试管稍微搅拌一下，使颜色均匀分布。）可知，在实验中你应该搅拌每个试管使颜色均匀。故选D。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段第五句“As the paper towels absorb the colored water, the water travels up the towel strip.”（由于纸巾吸收了有颜色的水，水沿着纸巾条向上流动。）可知，试管中的水可以行走，
50、因为毛巾纤维吸收水分并允许其流动。故选B。CFor todays increasingly interconnected food supply chains, “efficient” is what its supposed to be: Each country specializes in what its best, at and puts it on the global market. Producers and processors within countries specialize, too, as a way to minimize costs. As a result,
51、 at least in theory, prices stay low, the world gets fed and everyone wins.However, the coronavirus crisis demonstrates what is wrong with this approach. When barriers prevent food from reaching its markets, or demand suddenly drops both of which are happening now the system falls apart.Specializati
52、on of the food system makes it hard to shift into different markets when disruptions arise. Belgium, a leading exporter of potatoes, lost sales not only to local restaurants but also to other countries because of lockdowns（封锁）. At least the Belgians can try to eat the potatoes at home. That strategy
53、 wont work for every crop: Ghana, the worlds top cocoa exporter, lost markets when people stalled focusing on buying essential items instead of chocolate.The loss in export income in Africa more generally could have a huge impact if the pandemic continues, as many countries there rely heavily on imp
54、orted wheat and rice. The prices of these grains have soared not only because of rising demand for these grains during the crisis, but also because a few countries including Russia and Vietnam imposed export restrictions out of fear that sending food abroad would lead to higher prices at home.Concen
55、trated markets dominated by just a handful of companies heighten food system fragility. For example, just three meatpacking plants process over 95 percent of Canadas beef and nearly all of its beef exports. Now, those meat processing plants have had to temporarily shut down because of outbreaks of C
56、OVID-19 among workers.Seeing the spoiled products across the world should force all of us to rethink our “efficient” food supplies. We need to rejuvenate（使恢复活力）local and regional food systems to reduce the vulnerabilities that come with being too reliant on imported and corporate-dominated foods. Th
57、is doesnt mean cutting off all trade or abolishing all packaged foods, but it does mean building diversity, and increasing opportunities for small and medium-scale enterprises to flourish in shorter, more sustainable food supply chains that are closer to home.One place to start is for governments to
58、 shift their support from the large-scale, specialized and export-oriented food system to building infrastructure for more diverse local food systems. Around the world, small-scale and organic producers have been overwhelmed with the surge in interest from customers who want to buy directly from far
59、mers during the crisis. But these producers often lack the infrastructure to meet that demand. As governments around the world pass stimulus packages to address the crisis, building more diverse and localized food systems should be an obvious inclusion.27. In theory, specialization of the food syste
60、m _.A. adapts to changes efficientlyB. balances supply and demandC. focuses on essential itemsD. reduces costs of production28. The underlined word “fragility” in Paragraph 5 means _.A. weaknessB. diversityC. unfairnessD. complexity29. What can we learn from the passage?A. A few countries restrict e
61、xports to stabilize local food prices.B. Grain prices rise due to Africas dependence on importation.C. Ghana might be less affected by lockdowns than Belgium was.D. Packaged-food consumption should be encouraged to address the crisis.30. The main purpose of this passage is to _.A. expose food securi
62、ty issues during the crisisB. advocate establishing diverse local food systemsC. discuss the development of a sustainable economyD. prove the importance of sound government policies【答案】27. D 28. A 29. A 30. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了，从理论上讲，粮食系统的专业化降低了生产成本，但新冠肺炎疫情的爆发暴露了这种方法的问题，文章通过对实例的讨论表明建立多样化的地方食品体系势在必
63、行。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Producers and processors within countries specialize, too, as a way to minimize costs.”（各国的生产商和加工者也进行专业化，以尽量降低成本。）可知，从理论上讲，粮食系统的专业化降低了生产成本。故选D项。【28题详解】词义猜测题。根据第五段第二句“For example, just three meatpacking plants process over 95 percent of Canadas beef and nearly all of its beef
64、exports. ”（例如，仅三家肉类加工厂就加工了加拿大95%以上的牛肉和几乎所有的牛肉出口。），第三句“Now, those meat processing plants have had to temporarily shut down because of outbreaks of COVID-19 among workers.”（现在，由于工人中爆发了COVID-19病毒，这些肉类加工厂不得不暂时关闭。）和第六段第二句“We need to rejuvenate（使恢复活力）local and regional food systems to reduce the vulnerabi
65、lities that come with being too reliant on imported and corporate-dominated foods.”（我们需要振兴地方和区域食品体系，以减少过于依赖进口和企业主导的食品带来的脆弱性。）可知，此处是指由少数几家公司主导的集中市场加剧了食品体系的脆弱性。所以fragility意为“脆弱”。故选A项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“The prices of these grains have soared not only because of rising demand for these grains during
66、the crisis, but also because a few countries including Russia and Vietnam imposed export restrictions out of fear that sending food abroad would lead to higher prices at home.”（这些粮食的价格飙升，不仅是因为危机期间对这些粮食的需求不断上升，还因为包括俄罗斯和越南在内的一些国家，由于担心把粮食出口到国外会导致国内价格上涨，实施了出口限制。）可知，少数国家限制粮食出口以稳定当地食品价格。故选A项。【30题详解】推理判断题。
67、根据最后一段第一句“One place to start is for governments to shift their support from the large-scale, specialized and export-oriented food system to building infrastructure for more diverse local food systems.”（首先，政府将其支持从大规模、专门化和出口导向的粮食系统转向为更多样化的地方粮食系统建设基础设施。）和最后一句“As governments around the world pass stimul
68、us packages to address the crisis, building more diverse and localized food systems should be an obvious inclusion.”（随着世界各国政府通过刺激方案来应对危机，建立更加多样化和地方化的食品体系显然应该包括在内。）可知，文章的主要目的是倡导建立多样化的地方食品体系。故选B项。DEvery day, it seems that some new algorithm (算法) enables computers to diagnose a disease with unprecedent
69、ed accuracy, renewing predictions that computers will soon replace doctors. What if computers could replace patients as well? If virtual humans could have replaced real people in some stages of a coronavirus vaccine trial, it could have sped development of a preventive tool and slowed down the pande
70、mic. Similarly, potential vaccines that werent likely to work could have been identified early, reducing trial costs and avoiding testing poor vaccine candidates on living volunteers. These are some of the benefits of “in silico medicine”, or the testing of drugs and treatments on virtual organs or
71、body systems to predict how a real person will respond to the therapies.The modeling begins by feeding anatomical data drawn from noninvasive (非侵入式) high- resolution imaging of an individuals actual organ into a complex mathematical model of the mechanisms that govern that organs function. Algorithm
72、s running on powerful computers resolve the resulting equations and unknowns, generating a virtual organ that looks and behaves like the real thing.In silico clinical trials are already underway to an extent. Heart Flow Analysis, for instance, enables clinicians to identify CAD (冠心病) based on CT ima
73、ges of a patients heart. The Heart Flow system uses these images to construct a fluid dynamic model of the blood running through the coronary blood vessels, thereby identifying abnormal conditions and their severity. Without this technology, doctors would need to perform an invasive operation to dec
74、ide whether and how to intervene. Experimenting on digital models of individual patients can also help personalize therapy for any number of conditions and is already used in diabetes care.The philosophy behind in silico medicine is not new. The ability to create and simulate the performance of an o
75、bject under hundreds of operating conditions has been a cornerstone of engineering for decades, such as for designing electronic circuits, airplanes and buildings. Various obstacles remain to its widespread implementation in medical research and development.The predictive power and reliability of th
76、is technology must be confirmed, and that will require several advances. Those include the generation of high quality medical databases from a large, ethnically diverse patient base that has both women and men; improvement of mathematical models to account for the many interacting processes in the b
77、ody; and further modification of Al methods that were developed mainly for computer-based speech and image recognition and need to be extended to provide biological insights.In recent years American and European regulators have approved some commercial uses of computer-based diagnostics, but meeting
78、 regulatory demands requires considerable time and money. Creating demand for these computer-based diagnostic tools is challenging as well. In silico medicine must be able to deliver cost-effective value for patients, clinicians and health care organizations to accelerate their adoption of the techn
79、ology.31. According to the text, “in silico medicine” might help _.A. discover the cause of an illnessB. quicken the creation of new medicineC. recognize the symptoms of a disease earlierD avoid including unhealthy volunteers in trials32. We can learn from the text that Heart Flow Analysis _.A. work
80、s effectively in CAD treatmentB. offers personalized therapies to patientsC. reduces the chances of invasive operationsD. builds models after identifying abnormal conditions33. According to the author, further application of “in silico medicine” requires _.A. money and time from the regulatorsB. rep
81、lacement of old mathematical modelsC. more proof of its effectiveness and dependabilityD. progress in speech and image recognition technology34. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Looking to Al to End Experimental StudyB. In Silico Medicine Saved Millions of LivesC. Exploring t
82、he Future of Algorithm in MedicineD. Virtual Patients Could Revolutionize Medicine【答案】31. B 32. C 33. C 34. D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的医学技术。在这项技术中，医生可以对虚拟病人进行治疗测试，从而使得治疗手段更加安全有效。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“These are some of the benefits of “in silico medicine”, or the testing of drugs and treatments on v
83、irtual organs or body systems to predict how a real person will respond to the therapies.（这些是“电子医学”的一些好处，也就是在虚拟器官或身体系统上测试药物和治疗方法，以预测一个真实的人对治疗的反应。）”可知:“in silico medicine”指的是在虚拟器官或身体系统上测试药物和治疗，以预测一个真实的人对治疗的反应。结合常识可推知，有效的药物和治疗测试能够帮助加快新药的开发。故选B项。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The Heart Flow system uses these ima
84、ges to construct a fluid dynamic model of the blood running through the coronary blood vessels, thereby identifying abnormal conditions and their severity. Without this technology, doctors would need to perform an invasive operation to decide whether and how to intervene.（心脏血流系统利用这些图像来构建流经冠状动脉血管的血液的
85、流体动力学模型，从而识别异常情况及其严重程度。如果没有这项技术，医生将需要进行侵入性手术来决定是否以及如何进行干预。）”可知，心脏血流分析系统减少了侵入性手术的几率。故选C项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“The predictive power and reliability of this technology must be confirmed, and that will require several advances.（这项技术的预测能力和可靠性必须得到确认，这需要进一步的研究。）”可知，为了进一步的应用，这项技术的预测能力和可靠性必须得到确认。“effectivene
86、ss”与 “predictive power”是同义替换；“dependability”与“reliability”是同义替换。故选C项。【34题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的医学技术。在这项技术中，医生可以对虚拟病人进行治疗测试，从而使得治疗手段更加安全有效。D选项“虚拟病人可以革新医学”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。What Are the Roots of Your Self-Esteem?Self-esteem is a per
87、sons subjective assessment of his or her worth to himself or herself. Self- esteem covers various beliefs about oneself (such as Tm a failure and Im beautiful) as well as physiological states, including sadness, joy, and shame. The more we believe that we are worthy of happiness and good things in l
88、ife, the more self-fulfilled we will be. When we dont believe that we are worthy of these things, our ability to enjoy them can suffer. _35_Healthy self-esteem as an adult can be a gift given in your childhood. It is a blessing that most people overlook. There are so many ways adults with high self-
89、esteem were supported as children that resulted in them having high self-esteem. For instance, they were praised for what they had achieved._36_They likely experienced affection and were given enough attention. It is also possible that they excelled in studies or in sports and were admired for it by
90、 peers._37_As children, many of these people were criticized, yelled at, or abused in one way or another. There is also a high chance that they were given no attention by the adults who were supposed to care for them. In some cases, adults with poor self-esteem were often ridiculed for their shortco
91、mings or bullied by peers.It is common that these adults also believe that in order to be appreciated they need to be perfect._38_There are people who are obsessed with their careers or hobbies because in their mind they need to tie their worthiness to something concrete. Oftentimes these people hav
92、e to pretend to be something they are not just to get approval.How you feel about yourself impacts how you live your life. People with high self-esteem tend to have better relationships than those with low self-esteem. _39_ So if you struggle to reach out for assistance, it could be rooted in your l
93、ow self-esteem.A. There is also a good chance that they were spoken to respectfully.B. When we start to doubt whats important in life, we tend to do less of it.C. Since self-esteem is connected to how we perform, it is important to work on it.D. People with poor self-esteem, on the other hand, often
94、 experienced the opposite.E. This creates an image in their mind that without accomplishment they are worthless.F. They face failure too, but they understand that failure or success doesnt define them.G. High self-esteem enables you to ask for help and support from the people around you when you nee
95、d it.【答案】35. B 36. A 37. D 38. E 39. G【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。自尊是一个人对自己价值的主观评价。自尊包括对自己的各种信念和生理状态。文章对高自尊和低自尊的人进行了对比和说明。【35题详解】根据前文“When we dont believe that we are worthy of these things, our ability to enjoy them can suffer. (当我们不相信自己值得拥有这些东西时，我们享受它们的能力就会受到伤害)”可知，此处是指当我们对人生和自己产生怀疑时，就会有不好的影响。所以选项B. When we s
96、tart to doubt whats important in life, we tend to do less of it. (当我们开始怀疑生活中重要的东西，我们往往会对此做得更少)切合文意，且和前文句式相同。故选B。【36题详解】根据后文“They likely experienced affection and were given enough attention. It is also possible that they excelled in studies or in sports and were admired for it by peers. (他们可能经历了感情，并
97、得到了足够的关注。也有可能他们在学习或体育方面表现优异，并因此受到同龄人的崇拜)”可知，此处是指他们被怀有敬意地对待，所以选项A. There is also a good chance that they were spoken to respectfully. (也有一个很好的机会让人们向他们尊敬地说话)切合文意。故选A。【37题详解】根据后文“In some cases, adults with poor self-esteem were often ridiculed for their shortcomings or bullied by peers. (在某些情况下，缺乏自尊的成年
98、人经常因为自己的缺点而被嘲笑或被同龄人欺负)”可知，此处是讲缺乏自尊的人往往不被尊重，所以选项D. People with poor self-esteem, on the other hand, often experienced the opposite. (另一方面，缺乏自尊的人所经历的往往恰恰相反)切合文意。故选D。【38题详解】根据前文“It is common that these adults also believe that in order to be appreciated they need to be perfect. (这些成年人也普遍认为，为了被欣赏，他们需要变得
99、完美)”可知，选项E中this是指人们认为为了被欣赏他们需要变得完美，根据后文“There are people who are obsessed with their careers or hobbies because in their mind they need to tie their worthiness to something concrete. (有些人痴迷于自己的事业或爱好，因为在他们的脑海中，他们需要把自己的价值与具体的东西联系起来)”可知，有些人往往把自己的价值和成就联系在一起，所以选项E. This creates an image in their mind tha
100、t without accomplishment they are worthless. (这在他们的脑海中造成了一种形象，没有成就，他们是毫无价值的)切合文意。故选E。【39题详解】根据后文“So if you struggle to reach out for assistance, it could be rooted in your low self-esteem. (所以如果你挣扎着去寻求帮助，那可能是因为你的自卑)”可知，自尊心高的人不会纠结于是否要寻求帮助，所以选项G. High self-esteem enables you to ask for help and suppor
101、t from the people around you when you need it. (高自尊能让你在需要的时候向周围的人寻求帮助和支持)切合文意。故选G。第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节 阅读表达（共4小题；第40、41小题各2分，第42小题3分，第43小题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。The last thing I wanted to hear when my government-sponsored scholarship was withdrawn during my final year of college was: Things are
102、 working out for your own good. Just give them some time. Those words just stirred a lot of anger in me.Then I read the story of the Chinese bamboo farmer, which gave me a different view on life. The seed of the Chinese bamboo is planted in the ground like every seed. It is watered, and fed with nut
103、rients daily, but it shows no immediate physical response and doesnt appear to grow. The farmer continues to water and feed the seed in year one, year two, and year three. No growth is seen until the fourth year, when the seed finally breaks through the ground. Then, in the space of just five weeks,
104、 it grows ninety feet tall. The Chinese bamboo grows to its full capacity within 5 years.Despite not seeing an immediate result, the farmer had trust in what he was doing. He continued to water and feed the plant for four years, because he believed that if he played his own role and did all that a f
105、armer was supposed to do, then he would be given his reward at the right time. That trust and patience is what kept the farmer persistently feeding his seed for four years before enjoying the reward in the end.Life is not always straightforward. Most often, its not a matter of 5+5 =10 (Sum 1).Life c
106、an be more like 2+1+2+0+0+0+1+2+0+0+1 + 1=10 (Sum 2).Both sums lead to the same result, but through quite different paths and processes. To be mature is to accept that things might look rough right now but the story can still have a great ending.We might live in a microwave generation where everythi
107、ng seems to happen instantly; but many things still obey the laws of nature. Just doing what you are supposed to be doing, having patience like the Chinese bamboo farmer, and trusting that things will work out for you can help you get through the toughest times.40. What happened to the author in the
108、 final year of college?41. How does the Chinese bamboo grow in the fourth year?42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement then underline it and explain why.To overcome difficulties, we need to trust that things will work out and simply wait patiently for the great ending to com
109、e.43. Which is your life more like, Sum 1 or Sum 2? Explain why. (about 40 words)【答案】40. The authors government-sponsored scholarship was withdrawn. 41. The seed finally breaks through the ground and the bamboo grows ninety feet tall in five weeks. 42. To overcome difficulties, we need to trust that
110、 things will work out and simply wait patiently for the great ending to come.(1)According to the passage, to overcome difficulties, we need to do what we are supposed to be doing rather than simply wait patiently for the great ending to come.(2)To overcome difficulties, we need to trust things will
111、work out, have patience and do what we are supposed to be doing. 43. Sum 2. My life is also full of ups and downs. For example, I was never good at chemistry and failed the mid-exam in senior 1. With patience and determination, I made every effort to turn the tide. It was not a smooth path, but I go
112、t an A in the final exam in senior 3.【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。在大学最后一年作者的政府奖学金被取消了，这让他很生气，但是在读了一篇中国竹农的故事后，作者明白了生活并不是一帆风顺的，通常情况下，做你应该做的事，像中国的竹农一样有耐心，相信事情会解决的，这能帮助你度过最艰难的时刻。【40题详解】考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句“The last thing I wanted to hear when my government-sponsored scholarship was withdrawn during my final year of col
113、lege was(当我的政府奖学金在大学最后一年被取消时，我最不想听到的就是)”可知，在大学最后一年作者的政府奖学金被取消了。故答案为The authors government-sponsored scholarship was withdrawn.【41题详解】考查细节理解。根据第二段倒第三句和倒第二句“No growth is seen until the fourth year, when the seed finally breaks through the ground. Then, in the space of just five weeks, it grows ninety
114、feet tall. (直到第四年，种子终于破土而出时，才开始生长。然后，仅仅5个星期，它就长到了90英尺高)”可知，在第四年种子最终破土而出，竹子在5个星期后长到了90英尺高。故答案为The seed finally breaks through the ground and the bamboo grows ninety feet tall in five weeks.。【42题详解】考查推理判断。根据最后一段最后一句“Just doing what you are supposed to be doing, having patience like the Chinese bamboo
115、farmer, and trusting that things will work out for you can help you get through the toughest times. (做你应该做的事，像中国的竹农一样有耐心，相信事情会解决的，这能帮助你度过最艰难的时刻)”可知，并不是只要耐心地等待就好了，还要做你应该做的事，耐心等待，相信事情会解决的。所以“simply wait patiently for the great ending to come”处错误，答案为(1)According to the passage, to overcome difficulties
116、, we need to do what we are supposed to be doing rather than simply wait patiently for the great ending to come. (2)To overcome difficulties, we need to trust things will work out, have patience and do what we are supposed to be doing.【43题详解】考查开放性回答。根据最后一段最后一句“Just doing what you are supposed to be
117、doing, having patience like the Chinese bamboo farmer, and trusting that things will work out for you can help you get through the toughest times. (做你应该做的事，像中国的竹农一样有耐心，相信事情会解决的，这能帮助你度过最艰难的时刻)”可知，生活不是一蹴而就，而是通过一点一点的努力，耐心的等待和坚定的信念来达到目标，所以答案最好是回答你的生活像Sum 2一样，并按照最后一段最后一句来解释原因，可以通过举出生活中的具体例子来体现。故答案为Sum 2.
118、 My life is also full of ups and downs. For example, I was never good at chemistry and failed the mid-exam in senior 1. With patience and determination, I made every effort to turn the tide. It was not a smooth path, but I got an A in the final exam in senior 3.第二节(20分)44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。近期你校将在海淀公园举
119、行“阳光长跑”活动，请你给国际部好友Jim写封电子邮件，邀请他参加。内容包括：1. 活动信息；2. 注意事项。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,_Yours,Li Hua【答案】Dear Jim,How have you been? Our school will organize an activity calledSunshine Long-distance Run. I wonder if you would like to come. The activity will be held at Haidian Park on May 16th
120、. Students from all grades are welcome to join in. Participants need to gather at the West Gate by 8 am, and the running will start there at 8:20. The running will finish at the East Gate and the total distance will be around 5 km.If you decide to come, please remember to wear running shoes. You may
121、 leave your personal items at the storage desk, where members from the Students Union will keep an eye on them. I really hope you can join us. Let me know if you are interested. Yours, Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生国际部好友Jim写封电子邮件，邀请他参加你校将在海淀公园举行的“阳光长跑”活动。【详解】1.词汇积累参加：join in=take part in会合：gatherass
122、emble开始：beginstart结束：finishend2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：The running will finish at the East Gate and the total distance will be around 5 km.拓展句：The running will finish at the East Gate, the total distance of which will be around 5 km.【点睛】高分句型1 Our school will organize an activity calledSunshine Long-distance Run. (运用了过去分词作后置定语)高分句型2 You may leave your personal items at the storage desk, where members from the Students Union will keep an eye on them. (运用了where引导的定语从句)
