1、二轮复习阅读理解推理判断练习When it comes to writing work emails,there are many rules to follow.Inthe past,people always wanted to come across as someone whos calm andprofessional,which workplace manners experts say means they wanted tohold back their love for emoticons(表情符号)while on the job.But language is alway
2、s changing,and a recent national survey in the USfound that 76 percent of Americans said that they had used emoticons indigital communication at work.The most popular emoticon is the happy face.Lindsey Pollak,a US career coach who works with Millennials(千禧一代),has also noticed that emoticons have gon
3、e from being inappropriate for theworkplace to being accepted.The reason behind this,according to her,islargely due to the changing of people in a particular age group of theworkforce.Millennials are now the biggest generation in the Americanworkforce.“A few years ago,emoticons were absolutely seen
4、as very youngand very personal，”Pollak said.“Over the past few years.Ive seenemoticons become more acceptable.I see them more frequently not just fromMillennials but from all generations at the workplace.”“People tend to use emoticons to just add that little bit of extra change inthe tone when there
5、s something awkward or potentially offensive,or whenthey might take in things in the wrong way，”explains Lauren Collister,asociolinguist.In life and work,many of us have used emoticons to sendpositive atmosphere or soften statements.Pollak,however,warns against being too casual at work.Her advice is
6、 tobe aware of who the audience is.“Frankly,I wouldnt use a happy facewith any CEO in the US.I wouldnt use a happy face with the people of acertain level no matter how commonplace and acceptable it has become，”she said.“You can make or break a relationship with one email these days.”1What does the a
7、uthor say about past working people?AThey were calm and professional.BThey used more serious emoticons.CThey were not fond of emoticons.DThey avoided using emoticons at the workplace.2What can people use emoticons to do at the workplace?AMake it personal to communicate.BKeep up with the trend of the
8、 times.CShow a positive attitude to the receiver.DHelp them share their ideas and feelings.3What can we learn from the last paragraph?AEmoticons should be used with caution.BThere are strict limitations on emoticon using.CAll the US CEOs are against the use of emoticons.DEmoticons can greatly help b
9、ring people close.4Whats the writers attitude towards the use of emoticons at work?ASubjective.BObjective.CDoubtful.DOpposing.1.解析：D 考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“they wanted to hold back theirlove for emoticons(表情符号)while on the job”可知，以前的职员在工作中抑制自己对表情符号的喜爱，即避免使用表情符号。故选D。根据第一段中的“people always wanted to come acros
10、s as someone whos calm andprofessional”可排除A项。2.解析：C 考查推理判断。根据第四段的内容可知，当尴尬或者可能冒犯别人的事情发生时，或者可能误解了某事时，人们往往会使用表情符号来稍微改变一下语气，传达积极的交流氛围或者让表达变得缓和。也就是说，在工作场合，人们可以通过表情符号来向接收者表达自己积极的态度。故选C。3.解析：A 考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Pollak,however,warnsagainst being too casual at work”“I wouldnt use a happy face with anyCEO in th
11、e US.I wouldnt use a happy face with the people of a certainlevel”“You can make or break a relationship with one email these days”可知，人们在使用表情符号时要谨慎，要分场合分人，不能随意使用表情符号。4.解析：B 考查作者态度。纵观全文可知，作者既谈到了表情符号的流行及作用，也谈到了人们在使用表情符号时需要注意的地方。因此作者的态度是客观的，故选B。The Masai are a people who are constantly trying to preserv
12、e their ownways in an increasingly modern world.They live along the border of Kenyaand Tanzania,moving their homes from time to time to follow their cattle,the source of their living.The Masai have become known as a people of fighters,protecting theircattle against lions and other enemies.Only men a
13、re fighters.They wearlong hair,which is colored red with clay.They can have more than onewife.Women build and take care of the home,fixing food and makingclothing.Women and children keep their heads shaved.Women can alsobecome elders,once they have given birth to four healthy children.The Masai depe
14、nd on their cattle for many parts of their life.They drinkcows milk and blood as sacred drinks.They use the cows waste to coverand seal their homes.They dont kill their cattle for food,but if a cow iskilled,then the horns(角)are used for containers;the hides are used tomake shoes,clothing,ropes and b
15、ed coverings;and the bones are made intodecorations.The more cattle a man owns,the richer he is considered to be.A man whoowns 50 or fewer cattle is considered poor.A“rich”man has a thousand ormore.The cattle,though owned by the man,are considered to belong to themans entire family.The family names
16、the cattle and can recognize eachanimals unique voice.Masai houses are made from sticks and grass,butthey are meant to be temporary,since the move of their cattle means thatthe Masai move as well.1What is Masai womens daily work at home?AThey protect the cattle from being hunted.BThey give birth to
17、babies and bring them up.CThey look after as well as naming their cattle.DThey mainly deal with various housework.2When do the Masai move from one place to another?AThey move when they have over a thousand cattle.BThey move once there are 4 children in the family.CThey move when their cattle need ne
18、w food sources.DThey move after their houses are not strong enough.3What does the underlined word“elders”in Paragraph 2 mean?AAged citizens.BRespected people.CBrave fighters.DWealthy hostesses.4It can be inferred from the text that _.Athe Masai raise the cattle mainly for their meatBlions are the pr
19、imary enemies of the MasaiCthe Masai are living a life in a modern wayDthe total of the Masais cattle decides their status1.解析：D 考查细节理解。根据第二段的第五句“Women build and takecare of the home,fixing food and making clothing”可知，马赛族的妇女在家看护房子，准备饭菜并且做衣服；据此可知，马赛族的妇女日常主要负责家务活；故D项正确。2.解析：C 考查推理判断。根据第一段第二句中的“moving
20、their homesfrom time to time to follow their cattle,the source of their living”并结合最后一段可知，马赛人跟着他们的牛而迁移，由此可以判断，当牛需要新的食物来源时，马赛人就会迁移。故C项正确。3.解析：B 考查词义猜测。根据第二段最后一句中的“once they have givenbirth to four healthy children”可以判断，如果女子能生育四个健康的孩子，则她将成为人们尊敬的人。画线词意为“令人尊敬的人”，故B项正确。干扰项分析：A项意为“老年市民”，C项意为“勇敢的战斗者”，D项意为“富
21、裕的女主人”，都与语境不符。4.解析：D 考查推理判断。根据第四段的第一句“The more cattle a manowns,the richer he is considered to be”可知，一个人拥有的牛越多，他就被认为越富有，据此可以判断，马赛人拥有的牛的数量决定了他们的社会地位，故D项正确。For generations,students were taught to stretch before playing games.Then the practicefell out of favor.Studies seemed to show that such stretchin
22、g temporarily reduces muscularpower,weakens athletic performance and increases the risk of5 injury.So most fitnessexperts currently advise against stretches before exercise.But now a new research indicatesthat they might not be such a bad idea after all.This month,the journal,Applied Physiology,Nutr
23、ition and Metabolism(APNM),published a study by four distinguished exercise scientists who analyzed more than 200studies of how stretching affects the following exercise.In broad terms,they found thatstretching can briefly prevent the ability to generate power.So if you reach for your toesand hold t
24、hat position,tightening your hamstrings(腿筋),you might not then be able toleap as high or start a dash as forcefully as you dont stretch.Those undesirable effects were generally found,however,only if each stretch was heldfor more than 60 seconds and the subject then immediately became fully active,wi
25、th nofurther warmup.“Outside the lab,most people are unlikely to hold a warmup stretch forlonger than about 30 seconds，”Dr.McHugh,the coauthor of the study says.The reviewfound few lasting negative impacts from these short stretches.especially if the volunteersfollowed that stretching with several m
26、inutes of jogging or other basic warmup movements.In fact,these short stretches turned out to have a positive effect.Do these findings mean that all the athletes should stretch in advance before a match?“Not necessarily，”Dr.McHugh says.“Runners and cyclists dont have much risk foracute muscle injuri
27、es.”Stretching before these activities is unlikely to protect against injury.Runners and cyclists can adequately warm up by jogging or pedaling lightly.But hesuggests that people who play basketball and other ball sports should stretch in advance.Those who havent stretched since childhood gym class
28、might want to consider consulting anathletic trainer about the best upper and lower body stretches,particularly for the shouldersand hamstrings.1Which of the following statements agrees with most fitness experts?ABefore playing a game you should stretch your legs and arms.BAfter attending a match yo
29、u should stretch your legs and arms.CIts harmful to stretch your legs and arms before playing games.DIt doesnt matter whether you stretch or not before playing games.2According to the new research,people may suffer negative impacts when_.Athey do stretches after attending a gameBthey reach for toes
30、and hold that positionCfollowing a stretch with several minutes joggingDdashing immediately after one 60second plus stretch3We can learn from the passage that _.Aall athletes should not stretch in advanceBthe four scientists published the journal APNMCits unnecessary for a tennis player to do warm-u
31、p stretchesDplayers ought to have done warm-up stretches since childhood4Whats Dr.McHughs attitude toward stretches?AConcerned.BDoubtful.CDisapproving.DObjective1.解析：C 细节理解题。根据关键句可知，大多数专家建议运动前不要进行拉伸运动，C项与专家建议相符。故选C项。6 关键句：So most fitness experts currently adviseagainst stretches before exercise.(第一段
32、倒数第二句)译文：因此，大多数健身专家建议锻炼前不要进行拉伸运动。2.解析：D 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Those undesirable effectswere generally found,however,only if each stretch was held for morethan 60 seconds and the subject then immediately became fully active,with no further warm-up.”可知，身体拉伸超过1分钟，没有进一步的热身运动而立即运动的话，那些不良影响就会出现。由此可推断D项“拉伸超过1分钟后立
33、刻猛跑”是不好的。故选D项。3.解析：A 细节理解题。根据关键句并结合下文Dr.McHugh所举的例子可知，并不是所有的运动员都应该提前做拉伸运动。故选A项。关键句：Do these findingsmean that all the athletes should stretch in advance before a match?“Notnecessarily，”Dr.McHugh says.(最后一段第一、二句)译文：这些发现意味所有的运动员在比赛前都应该做拉伸运动吗？“不一定，”Dr.McHugh说。4.解析：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段Dr.McHugh说的话及所举的例子可知，他认为
34、拉伸运动应视情况而定，因此可推断出Dr.McHugh的观点是客观的。故选D项。Biologist Robert Pitman and his colleagues tracked orcas,or killer whales,and humpback whales off the coast of Western Australia.To research further,the scientists attached a tracker to a female orca,which allowed them to usesatellites to monitor her movements.
35、They followed her for six days.Duringtime,the orca attacked eight young humpback whales.During the sevenattacks,the orca killed the humpback whale calf(幼兽)on three occasions.But the story doesnt end there.Humpback whales themselves are popularlythought to be large but generally,passive creatures.Pit
36、mans study findingsmay5 let people think otherwise.When chased by orcas,humpback whales are known to try to outswimorcas.They are thought to do this at high speed so that the orcas cant keepup.On some occasions,the humpback whales sought out protection.Theyswam to shallow water,nearby reefs,or even
37、under the researchers boats.These ways often reduced the attack.But at other times,the humpbackwhales decided to stay and fight.As the orcas approached,the mother humpback would sometimes moveher calf to her side,or lift it out of the water using her head or flippers.She also blew huge breaths of ai
38、r to disturb the orcas,and lunged orcharged at them,slashing(劈)and slapping her tail and flippers.Perhapsmost surprisingly,humpback whales also have adult“escorts(护卫队)”thattry to protect calves that are not their own,joining the mother in defendingthe smaller whale.These escort whales either charged
39、 at the orcas,or placedthemselves between the attackers and calves,slashing their tails and flippers.Despite the efforts of the mother whales and escorts,the orcas were moreoften than not successful in their attacks.But the presence of the escorts didreduce how many times a whale calf was killed.1Wh
40、ats the purpose of the scientists further research?ATo keep a record of whales living habits.BTo observe orcas hunting humpback whales.CTo see what life or death battles whales may face.DTo find out the techniques orcas use when hunting.2Why did the humpback whales swim to shallow water?ATo avoid be
41、ing attacked.BTo hunt for food.CTo protect their young.DTo trick the chasers.3What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4?AWhy humpback whales fall victim to orcas.BHow humpback whales protect their calves.CThe great mother love of humpback whales.DSmaller humpback whales ways of surviving.4What does
42、 Pitmans study find?AOrcas are successful in their attacks.BIts not easy for orcas to obtain food.CHumpback whales swim faster than orcas.DHumpback whales could be active animals.1.解析：B 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段中的“To research further.touse satellites to monitor her movements.They followed her for six days.Duri
43、ng that time,the orca attacked eight young humpback whales.”可知，科学家进行进一步研究的目的是观察杀人鲸追杀驼背鲸的活动。故选B。2.解析：A 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段中的“On someoccasions,the humpback whales sought out protection.They swamto shallow water,nearby reefs,or even under the researchersboats”可知，驼背鲸游至浅水区是出于自身的安全考虑，为了避免被攻击。故选A。3.解析：B 考查主旨要义。
44、根据第四段的内容可知，本段主要讲的是在面对杀人鲸的攻击时，驼背鲸是如何进行反击来保护自己的幼崽的。故B项最能概括本段的主旨要义。4.解析：D 考查推理判断。第二段提到“Humpback whales themselves arepopularly thought to be large but generally,passive creatures.Pitmansstudy findings may let people think otherwise”，驼背鲸一般被认为是大型的但是通常被动的生物，Pitman的研究发现可能会让人不这么认为。下文接着讲了面对杀人鲸的攻击时，驼背鲸所采取的一些应对方式，其中包含积极迎击。故选D。
