1、专题6 动词的时态和语态【易错雷区，步步为赢】1.(2015江苏，30)The real reason why prices (be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.2.(2015湖南，22)As you go through this book, you (find)that each of the millions of people who lived through World War had a different
2、 experience.3. (2015重庆，13)In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat (cut).4.(2015湖南，28)He must have sensed that I (look)at him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, “Why are you staring at me like that？”5.(2015湖南，32)I had a strong desire to reach in a
3、nd play with the toy, but (hold)back thankfully by the shop window.6. (2015重庆，1)Is Peter coming?No, he (change)his mind after a phone call at the last minute.7.(2015北京，26)In the last few years, China (make)great achievements in environmental protection.8.(2015北京，27)Did you have difficulty finding An
4、ns house?Not really.She ( give)us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.9.(2015北京，30)Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.All right.I (call)him later.10.(2015浙江，8)Albert Einstein was born in 1879.As a child, few people guessed that he (go)be a famous scientist whose theories w
5、ould change the world.【名师点睛，易错起源】易错起源1、常见的八种时态及其延伸时态的含义和基本用法 例1(2015湖南，25)I wasnt able to hide my eagerness when I (ask), “What do you wish me to do now？”【变式探究】Now that she is out of job, Lucy going back to school, but she hasat decided yet.A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D.
6、is going to considered【名师点睛】1.一般现在时有计划的动作常用来表示计划、安排好了的将来动作，如go，come，start，leave，take off(起飞)，arrive，return等。例如:I leave for Beijing next Monday.The meeting begins in a minute.在here，there，in等开头的倒装句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如: I leave for Beijing next Monday.There goes the bell. In came the teacher.(3)表示感觉、状态、思想
7、或理解的动词，如see ，hear，think，hope，wish，know， forget，understand，like，hate，mean，be feel，fit 等常有可用于一般现在时。例如: I feel a sudden pain in my head.2.一般过去时在口语中，want，hope，wish，wonder，think等动词可用一般过去时表示现在的一种委婉的语气或一种试探性的态度；情态动词的过去式could， should，would，might也可用于现在或将来时表示一种委婉语气。例如:I wanted to ask if you could help me.Coul
8、d you lend me your dictionary?Would you like to have a walk in the garden with me?What should I do now? 3.一般将来时(1)条件状语从句中，will可以用作情态动词，表示“意愿”。Will还可以用作表示一种倾向或习惯动作。例如: If you will wait for me, I shall go with you. (表示意愿) Crops will die without water. (表示倾向性)Where there is water, there will be life. (
9、表示习惯性)be doing限于某些非延续性动词，如go， come，leave，start，finish等，表示按计划安排要发生的事。例如:I am finishing my homework.He is coming.They are leaving for Tibet.4.现在进行时 (1)用来表示现阶段正在进行的动作，尽管此刻这一动作不一定正在进行。例如:How are you getting along with your work these days?(2)在时间、条件状语从句中，有时可用进行时来代替一般将来时。例如:Dont mention this when you are
10、talking with the manager.(3)现在进行时与always，all the time，forever， constantly等词连用时，表示感叹、惊讶、厌恶等情绪。例如:He is always thinking of his study. (表示赞许)Tom is talking his past all the time. (表示厌恶)(4)连系动词look，feel，smdl，taste，sound等，表示心理的动词want，like，prefer，have等一般不用于进行时态，也没有被动语态。但是，turn，become，get，grow，go等表示由一种状态进入
11、另一种状态时，用进行时。例如:She feels worse today.The fish smells good.The rich man is becoming poorer and poorer.(改变状态)Its getting darker and darker.(改变状态)5.般过去时和现在完成时的区别(1)一般过去时所表示的一个和一段过去时间是可以具体确定的，与其他时间没有牵连。所表示的事情纯属过去，和现在的情况没有关系。Who pointed out the mistake?He will never be what he used to be.He went to town
12、yesterday. ( 过去某次 )When I was young, I took bath regularly. (过去经常)I would tell him the great changes when I was in his home. (经常发生的动作)现在完成时表示的事情发生在不能具体指出的现在以前的过去某个或某段时间，所表示的事情与现在情况有关系，是过去事情在现在产生的结果或对现在的影响。例如:Have you ever been to Shanghai?He has gone to the library.(2)一般过去时常用的时间状语有yesterday， last ni
13、ght，two days ago，at that time等；例如:At that time, he was very poor.I finished my homework two days ago.现在完成时常用的状语，副词有already，just， yet，never，ever，before等，与表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间状语连用，如today， now，lately，recently，in the lastpast few days weeksyears，since then，up to now，so far等。例如:I have never seen such a
14、 big apple.He has remembered 500 words this month.He has been there for five months.I havent seen him since 典型例题 I havent seen him since he left.I wont believe you until I have seen it with my own eyes.比较下面句子，体会两种时态的不同:He served in the army from 1999 to 典型例题指过去的一件事，现在不是军人) He has served in the army
15、for 6 years.(现在还在服役)He wrote many novels when he was at college. (写许多小说是读大学时的事情) He has written many novels。(写过许多小说，还在写)I saw War and Peace lastyear.(去年看的)I have seen War and Peace before.(以前看过)【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别：现在完成时的动作发生在过去，对现在有着影响；现在完成进行时则强调延续或直接结果。例如: You look so tired ,what have you b
16、een doing?We have been discussing the problem but we havent drawn a conclusion.易错起源2、主动语态、被动语态的含义和用法 例2(2015北京，22)Did you enjoy the party?Yes.We (treat)well by our hosts.【变式探究】Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will fresh for several days.A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed 【名
17、师点睛】1.在口语和非正式场合下为了强调动作，常用“get+过去分词”结构。有时带有不愉快、不顺利 的含义。其否定和疑问句要借助动词do来构成。有时也会出现“become+过去分词”的结构。例如: He got wounded in a battle.She got married last week.The patient gets treated once a week.Did you get scolded yesterday?He became seized with a deep sorrow.2.短语动词和含有情态动词的被动语态形式短语动词的被动结构中，构成短语动词的介词或副词不能
18、省略。情态动词的被动语态形式是:情态动词 + be + 过去分词。例如:The old woman was often laughed at.The doctor has been sent for.Time must be made good use of.The plan will be given up.Bad habits have been done away with.The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible.3.主动形式表示被动意义的情况:1)某些连系动词的主动形式表示被动意义，如look(看上去)，sm
19、ell，taste，sound，feel，appear (似乎)，prove(证明)，后面接形容词或名词做表语。例如:The roses smell sweet.The theory proved true.The examination turned out easy.2)某些具有及物意义的不及物动词的主动形式表示被动意义，如read，write，translate，record， lock，shut，open，wash，clean，run，sell等，此时主语大多指物，并且一般和副词连用。例如:Your composition reads well.His voice records we
20、ll.The door locks easily.The coat wears well.3)表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin， finish，start，open，close，stop，end，shut，rna，move等。例如Work began at 7oclock this morning.The shop closes at 6 p.m. everyday.4)少数动词用于进行时，主动形式表示被动含义，如print，build，cook，fly，hang，make等。例如:The books are printing.The meat is cooking.My coat i
21、s hanging behind the door.【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】某些不及物动词(短语)的主动形式表示被动的意义。常见的有:happen，take place，break out，belong to，go out，run out等。例如:The accident happened yesterday evening.The Anti -Japanese War broke out in 1937.The fire went out gradually.All of our food has run out.易错起源3、情态动词+have+过去分词结构 例3(2015安徽，24)Just
22、 as I got to the school gate, I realised I (leave)my book in the cafe.【变式探究】That was really a splendid evening. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much.A. when B. that C. before D. since【名师点睛】固定句式中的时态和语态的情况: 1.在if, unlless，evenif 引导的条件状语从句中，在when，until(till)，as soon ss，the moment，once引导的时间状语从句中，no mate
23、r whatwhowhichwhenwherehow或whateverwhoeverwhicheverwheneverwhereverhowever引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句是将来时(往往出现wilL shallcanmust)或主句是祈使句，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。例如:Ill not go unless I am invited.Tell him the news as soon as he comes.2. “be + to do”表示拟订或计划中将发生的行为或按职责义务必须去做的事情；“be about to do”表示即将发生的事，句中一般不使用时间状语。例如:All t
24、he questions are to be answered at once.(表示拟订的事情)No one is to leave the room without the permission of the police.(表示按职责必须做的事)They are about to leave tonight.(错误，去掉tonight)3.语境中的过去时，往往表示“刚才，刚刚”的意思，暗示现在已“不再这样”。例如:I dont knew you were here.(说话时已经知道了你在这儿)I never thought he would do that.(说话时已经知道了他会这样做)
25、4.表示愿望、打算一类的词，如hope，expect， mean，intend，want，think，suppose，want等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。例如:I had hoped to see more of NewYork.(实际上没能实现)I had meant to help you，but I was too busy at that moment.(本来打算帮你，但没有实现)I had thought that he would come tomorrow. (结果是他明天不能来)【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】三个特殊句式的固定时态。(1)ThisIt is the f
26、irstsecond.time + that从句。从句中一般用现在完成时，前面的is为was时，则用过去完成时。例如:This the firsr time I have come to the famous city.It was the forth time he had made the same mistake.(2)It ishas been + 一段时间 + since从句。 since从句中一般用一般过去时，如果前面是was，则since从句中用过去完成时。例如:It was ten years since we had hadsuch a wonderful time.(3)It + be + 一段时间 + before从句。如果主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来，意思是多长时间后即将发生某事；如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意思是多长时间后发生了某事。例如:It wont be long before he succeeds.(要不了多久他就会成功)It was ten years before they met again.(十年后,他们又见面了)
