1、北京市朝阳区2021届高三英语上学期期中试题(考试时间90分钟 满分100分)本试卷共10页。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，25分）第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。One Mother to AnotherOn Wednesday evening, our daughter, who was at a boarding school over 200 kilometers away, told us that she had lo
2、st her phone when she took part in an activity off campus. We realized that we had little chance of finding it.The next morning, my phone beeped (哔哔响) loudly. A kind voice announced that she had something that belonged to my daughter. I 1 that I lived a three-hour drive away, and told her I would as
3、k a friend to fetch the phone. My daughter had written my number on the inside of her phones casegood thinking! After contacting the people I know who lived near the school, I was out of 2 no one could go and 3 the phone, not surprisingly as it was the working day and everyone was busy. I decided to
4、 ask the lady to post the phone to my daughter. But when I sent her a text to ask if this would be OK, she replied, “We will 4 it and were going to drive down to the boarding school tonight.” To my 5 , this wonderful couple, who had already spent a busy day at work, was making a round trip on the ni
5、ght, 6 for returning a phone to a complete stranger. How touching it was!I gave them directions and they 7 the phone into the hands of my daughter at her boarding house. The only word of an explanation was, “Ive got children of my own, and I know how a mother 8 .”We had thought that the chance of ge
6、tting back the phone was 9 , but we got it back in such a short time. It was a wonderful reminder of the good in the world and how the actions of one person can 10 the world to another. 1. A. suggestedB. reported C. explained D. argued2. A. dateB. luckC. work D. control3. A. pick up B. carry out C.
7、hand in D. give away4. A. findB. showC. miss D. take5. A. regretB. surpriseC. amusement D. disappointment6. A. especiallyB. certainly C. definitelyD. probably7. A. conductedB. arrangedC. deliveredD. identified8. A. doubtsB. interests C. predicts D. worries9. A. freeB. slim C. hard D. fair10. A. tell
8、B. face C. mean D. join第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分, 共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。A I love my campus very much. It has a lot of buildings traditional in Chinese style but modern in equipment. Having classes in them always _11_ (make) me feel excited with the busy wor
9、ld and relaxed about the long history of our nation. Out of the houses are beautiful gardens _12_ (surround) by trees. In the morning, we read aloud by the lake or behind the hill. The air is so fresh and sweet that very often I think how _13_ (luck) I am to study in such a beautiful campus.B Whales
10、 use sound to get information around them. By constantly _14_ (send) out sounds that hit underwater objects and come back, whales receive information. This way of using sound is called sonar. Recently, scientists have found that whales _15_ (harm) by the powerful sonar coming from ships. This proble
11、m is being studied, and peoples level of awareness of the problem is _16_ (high) than ever before. Now ships around the world are trying to be more careful when using sonar. CRules help us live together in a community. At my local park, there is a sign that reads, “Keep off the grass.” Because our c
12、ommunity has a need for a nice green space _17_ (relax), we are expected to keep our park clean and in good condition for everyones enjoyment. If one person breaks the rules, more people _18_ (follow) him and do what they want. In a community, rules are in place to protect everyone. What we do and _
13、19_ we act affect everyone, not just ourselves. We need rules in order to live _20_ (safe).第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 AArbeia Roman Fort (城堡) and MuseumLocation and HistoryArbeia Roman Fort is situated on Hadrians Wall. It was the most import
14、ant structure built by the Romans in Britain, and now it has been a World Heritage (遗产) Site. Built around AD 160, Arbeia Roman Fort was the military supply base for the soldiers who were stationed along Hadrians Wall. The fort has been gradually uncovered and some original parts have been revealed.
15、 There are reconstructions that show how Arbeia Roman Fort would have looked. The ReconstructionsThe reconstructions of the Commanding Officers house and soldiers quarters are strikingly different. The accommodation for soldiers is dark and uncomfortable, while the Commanding Officers house is spaci
16、ous and luxurious, with courtyards with fountains for him and his family to enjoy.The MuseumVisit the museum and see many objects that were found at Arbeia. They are historically important and show what daily life was really like at that time. You will see weapons, tools, jewellery, and so on. You c
17、an also discover how the Romans buried their dead and see tombstones (墓碑) which survive to this day. There is a “hands-on” area allowing visitors to dig on a certain site and study their findings with the help of museum staff. You can piece together pottery (陶器), or try writing just as the Romans wo
18、uld have done. For children, they can build this ancient Roman fort with building blocks by themselves.Opening Times and Getting ThereApril 1-October 31: Monday to Saturday 10:00am-5:00pm, Sunday 2:00pm-5:00pm. November 1-March 31: Monday to Saturday 11:00am-4:00pm, closed Sunday. (Closed December 2
19、5-26 and January 1)Entry is free.Arbeia is only a ten-minute walk from the bus station at South Shields. Free car park nearby.Website: www.twmuseums.org.uk/arbeia 21. According to the passage, Arbeia Roman Fort _. A. was related to the military B. got reconstructions around AD 160 C. was built in a
20、small area in RomeD. provided a comfortable life for soldiers22. What can visitors do in the museum? A. See historical objects. B. Build tombstones for the dead. C. Write to ancient Romans. D. Try using old tools and weapons.23. What time does Arbeia Roman Fort close? A. On April 1. B. On October 31
21、. C. On November 1. D. On December 26.BLearning to say “yes, and”When I first heard about the improvisation (即兴交流) class, I was hesitating. As a quiet and shy girl, I feared improvising in front of strangers. However, I knew I wanted to work as a science communicator after finishing my Ph.D., so it
22、seemed like a perfect opportunity to learn how to speak and communicate with others effectively. I signed up, knowing the experience would give me help. During our first class, we learned an important concept of improvisation: “yes, and.” It means that, as improvisers, wed better accept what fellow
23、performers say. If someone says that rhinos (犀牛) are librarians, for example, then rhinos are librarians. We do not question the logic; we say “yes” and then continue with the scene as if nothing is wrong. The first few scenes were hard, but as weeks turned into months, I became more comfortable and
24、 even started to enjoy our classes. I became better at listening, relating to my conversation partners, and communicating clearly in the moment. Once when I was giving a presentation about my science, an audience member surprised me with a question that didnt grow out of the information Id presented
25、. Instead of getting confused and nervous, I took the “yes, and” approachaccepting the question and letting my mind focus on why it was asked. That helped me find an appropriate answer. I got pretty excited about it.The benefits of improvisation go beyond communication. Before attending the class, I
26、 would get stuck when my experiments produced unexpected data, thinking that I had made a mistake. But now, instead of getting discouraged, I will stay open to the possibility that the results are real, keep exploring the data and end up identifying a new type of cellone that isnt behaving as expect
27、ed. I think all scientists can benefit from this lesson. If the data say rhinos are librarians, then its worth finding out whether rhinos are, in fact, librarians. As scientists, our job isnt to challenge data that support a preconceived (先入为主的) story, but to say “yes, and.” 24. Why did the author a
28、ttend the improvisation class? A. To get a different experience.B. To finish her Ph.D. at university.C. To give up her job as a science communicator.D. To improve her speaking and communicating ability.25. What was the authors change after attending the improvisation class?A. She formed her own idea
29、 quickly. B. She came up with lots of creative responses.C. She paid more attention to the logic of answers.D. She became a good listener before giving an opinion.26. The author mentions applying the “yes, and” approach to her scientific experiments to _.A. explain the process of using the methodB.
30、prove the benefits of the improvisation class C. share her own research experiences with readersD. attract fellow scientists to attend the improvisation class27. What can be inferred about scientists from the last paragraph?A. They should attend the improvisation class.B. They should question all pr
31、econceived ideas.C. They should carry on research by admitting earlier data.D. They should try to improve their professional knowledge.CSuccess and Risk in Extreme SportsWhat is it that drives some to take extreme risks, while the rest of us hurry for the safety of the sidelines?Lester Keller, sport
32、s-psychology expert, says that not everyone has the mental makeup to do well in extreme sports. He notes that most of us hit a natural ceiling that limits our appetite for extreme risk in tricky conditions. But others have a much higher tolerance for risk. Keller points to a top ski racer. He told K
33、eller that “the high element of risk makes you feel alive, tests what you are made of and how far you can take yourself”. He said he would get nervous on some of the courses, but that this would just make him fight more.Psychologists note that some people seem to have a strong desire for adrenaline
34、(肾上腺素) rushes as a behavior seeking excited feelings. Like many extreme athletes, Emily Cooks appetite for risk appeared at a young age. “I was a gymnast,” she said. “I was one of those kids who enjoyed and did well at anything where you were upside down.” As she started doing harder tricks, she was
35、 drawn to the challenge. “There are moments when youre up there doing a new trick and it seems like an impossible thing. But overcoming that is just the coolest feeling in the world.”Shane Murphy, sports professor, has worked with groups climbing Everest. “To me, that just seems like the height of r
36、isk,” he said. “But to them it was the next step in an activity that theyve prepared for years.” Murphy said the view of extreme athletes is different from our own. “We look at a risky situation and know that if we were in that situation we would be out of control. But from the athletes view, they h
37、ave a lot of control, and there are many things that they do to minimize risk.”Another aspect of risk perception (认知) may be something referred to as “the flow”, a state in which many athletes become absorbed in the acts that focus the mind completely on the present. “Something that makes you try do
38、ing a tougher climb than usual, perhaps, is that your adrenaline flows and you become very concentrated on what youre doing,” Murphy says. “After its over, theres great excitement.”People of different skill levels experience the flow at different times. Some may always be driven to adventures that o
39、thers consider extreme. “I can enjoy hitting a tennis ball around, because thats my skill level,” Murphy says. “But others might need the challenge of Olympic competition.” 28. By using the term “natural ceiling” in Paragraph 2, Lester Keller points out that _. A. extreme athletes must learn special
40、 skillsB. extreme athletes have chances to take risksC. many people dont want to do extreme sportsD. many people cant limit desire for extreme sports29. What does Shane Murphy think about the mountain climbers he mentions? A. They put in lots of preparation for challenges. B. They are more fortunate
41、 than other sportspeople. C. They carry little risk when facing big challenges. D. They have special reasons that others cant easily understand.30. What main point is made in Paragraph 5?A. Extreme athletes use techniques other people dont use.B. Non-athletes are probably wise not to try extreme spo
42、rts.C. Most people lack the focus required to take bigger risks.D. A certain state of mind makes attempting an activity more likely.31. We can learn from the passage that _. A. risk-taking is something you either naturally do or avoidB. those who take risks are more likely to be successful in lifeC.
43、 extreme athletes are driven by a need to be better than othersD. taking part in extreme sports is not as difficult as people thinkDRound and Round They GoSpace is becoming more crowded. Quite a few low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites have been launched into the sky, which are designed to move around t
44、he Earth only a few hundred kilometres above its surface. SpaceX and OneWeb plan to launch LEO satellites in their thousands, not hundreds, to double the total number of satellites in orbit (轨道) by 2027.That promises to change things on Earth. LEO satellites can bring Internet connectivity to places
45、 where it is still unavailable. This will also be a source of new demand for the space economy. Morgan Stanley, a bank, projects that the space industry will grow from $350 billion in 2016 to more than $1.1 trillion by 2040. New Internet satellites will account for half this increase.For that to hap
46、pen, however, three worries must be overcome. Debris (碎片) is the most familiar concern. When enough satellites were packed into low-Earth orbits, any collision (碰撞) could cause a chain reaction which would eventually destroy all spaceships. One solution is to grab the satellites with problems and pu
47、ll them down into the Earths atmosphere. Another is to monitor space more closely for debris. But technology is only part of the answer. Rules are needed to deal with old satellites safely from low-Earth orbits. Cyber (网络的)-security is a second, long-standing worry. Hackers (黑客) could take control o
48、f a satellite and steal intellectual property, redirect data flows or cause a collision. The satellite industry has been slow to respond to such concerns. But as more of the worlds population comes to rely on the space for access to the Internet, the need for action will intensify. Measures will sur
49、ely be taken to protect network security.The third issue follows from the first two. If there is a simple mistake or a cyber-attack, it may cause a chain reaction which wipes out hundreds of billions of dollars of investment. Who is responsible for that? Now the plans of firms wishing to operate lar
50、ge numbers of satellites are being studied. But there is a long way to go before the risks are well understood, let alone priced. As space becomes more commercialized, mind-bending prospects open up: packages moved across the planet in minutes by rocket rather than by plane, equipment sent to other
51、small planets, passengers launched into orbit and beyond. All that and more may come, one day. But such activities would raise the same questions as LEO satellites do. They must be answered before the space economy can truly develop. 32. What can we learn about LEO satellites from the passage? A. Th
52、ey are supposed to limit the space economy. B. They are expected to increase in large numbers.C. They are designed to move beyond the Earth as far as possible.D. They are mainly intended to bring Internet connectivity to remote areas. 33. To deal with debris in space, the author suggests _. A. depen
53、ding entirely on the modern technologyB. monitoring the movement of spaceships carefully C. strengthening rules to remove old satellites safely D. destroying all the satellites with problems instantly34. What does the underlined word “intensify” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Measure. B. Increase.
54、C. Spread. D. Repeat.35. What is the authors attitude toward the launch of LEO satellites?A. It should be further confirmed for its ownership.B. It should be continued because of its advantages.C. It should be done carefully to avoid potential risks. D. It should be stopped in face of the space econ
55、omy.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Our Amazing HandsThe hand is where the mind meets the world. We use our hands to build fires, to fly airplanes, and to write. The human brain, with its open-ended creativity, may be the thing that makes the human race unique. But wit
56、hout hands, all the ideas we think up would come to nothing. _36_ Study it carefully, you will find something interesting. The thumb (拇指) alone is controlled by nine separate muscles. The wrist is a group of bones and muscles connected with nerves (神经). The nerves send branches into each fingertip,
57、which makes the fingers extremely flexible. _37_ Early hands seemed more unusual and interesting than any hand today. Some animals had seven fingers. Others had eight. But by the time vertebrates (脊椎动物) appeared 340 million years ago, the hand had developed to only five fingers. _38_ Nevertheless, t
58、here are still many different types of hands in living animals. After years of research, scientists are beginning to understand the molecular (分子的) changes in hands. _39_ This makes the hands of different animals very similar. There is a network of many genes (基因) that builds a hand, and all hands a
59、re built on that network.The discovery has given scientists a deeper understanding of the development of hands. A birds wing and a lions paw (爪) may appear to have nothing in common. _40_ It may just be a little more of one protein (蛋白) here, a little less of another there. In the past, scientists c
60、ould recognize only the outward signs that hands had developed from a common ancestor. Today scientists are uncovering the inward signs as well.A. Hands can often be used for a number of different purposes.B. They also see that all hands start out in much the same way.C. It has kept that number for
61、reasons scientists dont yet know.D. No one would doubt that the five fingers are different with each other. E. But the difference between them may come down to a tiny change in form. F. The reason we can use our hands for so many things is their special structure. G. So you can see a skilled watchma
62、ker use his hands to set springs in place under a microscope.第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节 （共4小题；第1-3题每小题3分，第4题6分，共15分）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。Food as CommunicationWe usually understand when someone speaks or writes to us, and many gestures (手势) and facial expressions have meaning, too. B
63、ut have you ever considered what and how we eat as a form of communication? In many cultures, people sit together and share food at mealtimes, which is a common tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also play an important role in a family or cultures celebrations. The foods we eatand
64、when and how we eat themare often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between areas within one country.In most cultures, bread represents delicious food. It is also one of the most commonly shared foods in the world. Sharing bread is a common symbol of companionship and togetherness. I
65、n fact, the word companion comes from the Latin roots com- (together) and panis (bread). Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with decorated cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition has its roots in the custom
66、of sharing bread.There are foods like bread in other cultures. In Greece, people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is baked into the cake, which stands for success in the New Year for the person who receives it. Most of the foods eaten during the Chinese New Year have significance. Some
67、times this is based on their shape; for example, long noodles symbolize long life. The symbolism can also be based on the sound of the word in Chinese; for example, people give out oranges because the word for “orange” sounds like the word for “wealth”. In many cultures, round foods such as grapes,
68、bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to symbolize family unity. Food is essential for life, so it is not surprising that it is such an important part of different cultures around the world. The food people eat during celebrations may have a long history and can symbolize many thin
69、gs, but sharing food is one custom that almost all humans have in common.41. Why does the author regard eating food as a form of communication?42. How do people celebrate birthdays and marriages in many cultures?43. What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 3? 44. Many of the food traditio
70、ns mentioned in the passage are very old. Why are they still important today? 第二节（20分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。近期你班同学普遍加强了英语听说训练，但是仍然存在一些困惑。请你给外教Jim写封邮件，邀请他下周为大家做一次专题讲座。邮件内容包括：1. 介绍同学们的听说训练情况；2. 希望提供更有效的学习方法;3. 询问对方的意向。注意：1. 词数不少于80； 2. 邮件的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim,_Yours,Li Hua北京市朝阳区20202021学年度第一学期期中质量检测 高三英语
71、 参考答案 2020.11第一部分：知识运用（共两节，25分）第一节 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分）1C2B3A4D5B6A7C8D9B10. C第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）11makes 12surrounded13lucky14sending15are harmed/are being harmed 16higher 17to relax 18will follow 19how 20safely第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）21A22A23D24D25D26B27C28C29A30D31A32B33C
72、34B 35C第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）36F37G38C39B40E第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节（共4小题；第1-3题每小题3分，第4题6分，共15分）41. When eating food, people sit together and share food with each other, which promotes unity and trust. 42. In many cultures, people cut and share decorated cakes for birthday and marriage celebrations.43. P
73、eople have different foods to symbolise goodwill in different cultures.44. These food traditions have a long history. They usually represent good meanings. For example, round foods symbolize family unity; a cake with a coin stands for success. People believe that these customs will bring good luck,
74、and they pass them down from one generation to another, forming their unique cultures. That is the reason why many of them are still important today.（请根据学生答题情况酌情给分）第二节（20分）一、评分原则：1本题总分为20分，按4个档次给分。2评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言质量初步确定其档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。3评分时应考虑：内容是否完整，条理是否清楚，交际是否得体，语言是否准确。 4拼写、标点符号或书写影响内
75、容表达时，应视其影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。5词数少于80，从总分中减去1分。二、各档次的给分范围和要求：第一档（18分20分）完全完成了试题规定的任务。内容完整，条理清楚；语言得体，准确恰当；交际得体，表达时充分考虑到了交际的需求；体现出较强的语言运用能力。完全达到了预期的写作目的。第二档（15分17分）完全完成了试题规定的任务。内容完整，条理较为清楚；语言较为准确恰当；交际较为得体，表达时考虑到了交际的需求；体现出较好的语言运用能力。完全达到了预期的写作目的。第三档（12分14分）基本完成了试题规定的任务。内容基本完整；语言达意；有语用意识，能够考虑交际需求。语法或用词
76、方面有一些错误，但不影响理解。基本达到了预期的写作目的。第四档（6分11分）未恰当完成试题规定的任务。内容不完整；所用词汇有限，语法或用词方面的错误影响了对写作内容的理解。缺乏语用意识，没有考虑交际需求。未能清楚地传达信息。第五档（1分5分）未完成试题规定的任务。写了少量相关信息；语法或用词方面错误较多，严重影响了对所写内容的理解。完全没有语用意识，没有达到交际需求。0分未传达任何信息；所写内容与要求无关。三、One possible version:Dear Jim,How is everything going? As you know, weve strengthened English
77、 listening and speaking training since this term, and we still have some confusion. Knowing you are an expert in it, Im writing to invite you to make a special lecture for us. Now many of us have been studying with the help of online courses. We listen to the tape and do a simple follow-up every day
78、, trying to imitate the pronunciation and intonation. Besides, we have increased the awareness of communication and speak English properly according to different occasions. But some of us still find it hard to improve English within a limited time and wonder if there are better learning methods. As an experienced teacher, you must have many views. We really hope you can put forward some effective learning methods for us. Could you come and give us some guidance? Please let us know by this weekend if you could accept the invitation. Looking forward to your reply. Yours,Li Hua
