1、课时作业(五)Unit1PartWritingWorkshop, ViewingWorkshop&ReadingClub.阅读理解AThereisnodenyingthateveryonehasfeltworriedorupsetbeforeacontestorsportsgame.Astudyin2000foundthat“highlevelsofanxietyduringcompetitionsisharmful, worseningtheperformanceandevenleadingtodroppingout”.AnexampleofthisisJohnDaly, anAmerica
2、ngolfplayerwhowasonceoneofthebestofhistime.Thegreatamountofpressureplacedonhimtowinmadehimextremelyanxious.Hisanxietyreachedsuchahighlevelthathewasunabletocompleteatournamentandwalkedoffthecourseinthemiddleoftheround.Overthecourseofhiscareer, hequitfrom49professionalmatchesduetotheanxietyheexperienc
3、ed.Infact, anxietycanhaveanumberofnegativeeffectsandchangestothebody, mindandbehavior.Anxietycausesyourbodytotenseupandincreasesbloodpressure.Whenthishappens, itbecomesmoredifficultforyourbodytomovefluentlyandefficiently, meaningactionsandmovementsbecomeunnatural.Theterroryouexperienceasaresultofanx
4、ietyissooverwhelmingthatitmayevenleadtobodyparalysis (瘫痪).Anexampleofthisisstagefright, whichmaybeexperiencedrightbeforeapubliccompetition.Whenfeelingoverwhelmingfear, theathletemaybeunabletomove, talkoractatall.Anxietyhasanegativeeffectonnotonlyathletes, butalsostudentsandyoungpeople, particularlyw
5、henitcomestotestsandexams.This“testanxiety”occursin33%ofstudentsandcanaffecttheirperformanceinexamsandoverallachievements.Astimegoeson, theageatwhichchildrensufferfromanxietyisbecomingyounger.Anxietyleadstothepooracademicperformanceandlowscores.Thisisbecausetheanxietybecomessooverwhelmingthatyoulose
6、theabilitytothinkclearly.Ithasbeenproventhatstudentswithanxietyscoreloweronteststhanstudentswhodonotsufferfromanxiety.Anxietycanalsoaffectstudentswillingnesstoengageinclassorparticipateinclassdiscussions.Again, thiscanhaveanegativeimpactontheirperformancebecausetheyareunabletocommunicatewiththeteach
7、erbyaskingquestions.Thisthenleadstoconfusionandfurtherworryaboutatask, resultinginadditionalanxiety.Thissameworryalsoappliestopeerlearning (同伴学习) becausethisinvolvessharingideaswithotherstudents.Astudentwithhighanxietyisunabletosharetheseideas, meaningtheyquitfromactivitiesandtheirlearningislimited.
8、Anxietyreachessuchapointthatsomeofthestudentseitherrefusetogotoschooluntiltheyareableordropoutcompletely.Infact, 49%ofanxiousadultsreporthavinglefteducationearlyand24%indicateanxietyastheprimaryreason.Afterall, howcanapersonpossiblylearnsomethingorperformwellwhentheirmindandbodyareinaconstantstateof
9、terrorandworry?1Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?AReasonsofAnxietyBStudentsandAnxietyCBadeffectsofAnxietyDAnxietyandPerformance2TheauthorusedJohnDalysexampletoshowthat_.AheisaterriblegolfplayerineverywayBevenalittlepressurecanbeabadthingCthewillingnesstowincancauseanxietyDtoomuchanxietyisharmfulincom
10、petitions3Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage?ATheeldersrarelysufferfromanxiety.BBodyparalysisisoftencausedbyanxiety.CStudentswithanxietytendtoaskquestionsless.D49%ofadultslefteducationmainlybecauseofanxiety.4Accordingtothepassage, whatmayhappentoapersonifonesuffersfromanxiety?AOnesactionsbecomesteady.BOn
11、etendstocryandwalkaway.COnegetshighergradesinexams.DOnefeelsunabletomoveortalk.BVijayGuptaisknowntoclassicalmusicloversacrosstheUnitedStates.HeservesasthefirstviolinistfortheLosAngelesPhilharmonic.Inthatjob, heoftenplaystolargecrowds, includingmanyveryrichpeople.Whenheisnotperforming, heorganizescon
12、certsforhomelesspeople.“TheyhaveremindedmewhyIbecameamusician.”hesaid.Lastweek, GuptawasrecognizedforbeingafounderandtheartisticdirectorofStreetSymphony.Thegrouphasperformedathomelessshelters, jailsandhalfwayhousesforabouteightyears.Guptaisamongthe25winnersofthe2018MacArthurFellowship, commonlyknown
13、asthe“GeniusGrant”.Eachwinnerwillreceive$625,000overfiveyearstouseastheywish.Themoneyiscomingfromaprivategroup, theJohnD.andCatherineT.MacArthurFoundation.Itawardsgrants (补助金) topeoplewhoseworkitconsidersexceptionalandwhosework“inspireshopeinusall”.GuptasaidhegottheideaforStreetSymphonywhileteaching
14、NathanielAyers, atrainedmusicianwhosementalillnessledtohishomelessness.The31yearoldwinnersaidhedidnotknowyethowhewouldspendthemoney.Hehasbeenaperformersincetheageofsevenandtheawardwillgivehim“spacetobreathe, planandlookahead”AnotherwinnerisRebeccaSandefur, anassociateprofessor (副教授) ofsociologyandla
15、wintheUniversityofIllinois.TheAssociatedPresssaysherresearchactivelysupportsnewwaystoinvolvepoorcommunitiesintheUS.justicesystem.47yearoldSandefurcreatedthefirstnationalmappingofcivillegalaidproviders.Itshowswhichstateshadthefinancial (金融的) resourcestoprovidesuchaidandwhichdidnot.Shealsofoundthatthe
16、costoflegalserviceswasonlyoneofthethingspreventingpoorpeoplefromgettinglawyers.Amongtheotherswerefearsofunfairness (不公平) inthelegalsystem.Sandefurnotedthatalotofattentionhadbeenpaidtoproblemswiththecriminaljusticesystem, butmoreattentionmustbepaidtothecivilsideofthelaw, whichalsoaffectedmillionsofpe
17、ople.5WhydoesGuptawintheaward?AForhisachievementsinclassicalmusic.BForperformingforlargecrowds.CFororganizingagroupplayingforthehomeless.DForthecompanionshipwithNathanielAyers.6WhatdoweknowaboutMacArthurFellowship?AItisfoundedbythegovernment.BItoffers$625,000to25winnersin2018.CItallowsthewinnerstous
18、ethemoneyfreely.DItawardspeoplewhomakegreatcontributionstosociety.7WhatwastheextraordinarythingthatSandefurdid?AShemadeiteasiertogetlegalhelpforthepoor.BShemadethelegalsystemfairer.CShepaidmoreattentiontothecriminaljusticesystem.DSheofferedlegalaidtothepoorfreely.8Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage
19、?AGrantsWinners, InspiringthePoor.BTheCityHomeless, inNeedofHelp.CVijayGupta, anExtraordinaryViolinist.DMacArthurFoundation, AwardingExceptionalWork.七选五Researchsuggeststhatatleast64%ofpeoplenowspenduptofourhoursdailyofsparetimeinfrontofascreen.JustasTVwatchinghasbeenlinkedtohigherchancesofbeingfatan
20、dgettingdiseases, thisextrasedentary (久坐不动的) timeisbadnewsforourhealth._1_.1ChooseoutdooractivitiesovertechnologyWhenyoureathome, makeitarulethatyoucantbeonlineifthesunisshining._2_.Then, aftertakingthesehealthyphysicalactivities, youcantakeoutyourphoneorlaptop, ortakeaseatatthecomputer.Thisruleshou
21、ldbefitforeveryoneinyourfamily.2LimitsocialmediauseAccordingtosomeexperts, theeffectoftechnologyonhumanrelationshipsisworryingastechnologyhasbecomeasubstituteforfacetofacehumanrelationships.Andsocialnetworkshavechangedcomputerandmobileuseforpeopleofallages._3_.Avoidaimlessbrowsing (浏览) andgiveyourti
22、meonlineapurpose: researchholidaysorcatchuponthenewsoftheday.Thenlogoff.3_4_.Challengeyourselftoreadatleast30pagesofagreatbookbeforeyoucheckyourcomputerormobilephone.Picktherightreadingmaterialandyoullsoonfindyouvediscoveredanenjoyablepastime.4CreateprojectsforyourselfItsamazinghowmuchyoucanachievew
23、henyourenotgluedto (全神贯注地看) ascreen._5_.Somesuggestionsareorganizingkitchencupboardsandcleaningyourbedroom.Thentrytodooneeachevening.ASetasidereadingtimeBChoosethesuitablereadingmaterialsCMakealistofonehoureveningprojectsDHerearesomewaystostoptechnologyaddictionEWhetheritsFacebookorTwitter, limitthe
24、timeonlineFThefollowingaresomewaystomakebetteruseofleisuretimeGInstead, youhavetogoforawalk, rideabike, orswimatleastanhour课时作业(五).阅读理解A【语篇解读】本篇文章主要介绍了焦虑对身体、思想及行为会产生负面的影响。作者认为焦虑不仅对运动员有负面影响，而且对学生和年轻人也产生负面影响，尤其是对学生的学业成绩及课堂参与度产生负面影响并分析了原因。1答案与解析：B主旨大意题。C项为干扰项，以偏概全。文章第3、4、5、6段主要讲解焦虑对学生的影响及原因分析。故选B项。2答案与
25、解析：D推理判断题。第一段是为导入语篇主题做铺垫。作者借用JohnDaly的例子说明过多的焦虑对运动员比赛有着负面影响，以便引出下文。3答案与解析：C细节理解题。从第五段中Again, thiscanhaveanegativeimpactontheirperformancebecausetheyareunabletocommunicatewiththeteacherbyaskingquestions.得知，C项正确。4答案与解析：D推理判断题。从第二段中Whenthishappens, itbecomesmorediffcultforyourbodytomovefluentlyandeffic
26、iently, meaningactionsandmovementsbecomeunnatural.得知A项错误；从第四段Ithasbeenproventhatstudentswithanxietyscoreloweronteststhanstudentswhodonotsufferfromanxiety.得知C项错误。B项没有提及。故选D项。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了美国两位麦克阿瑟奖的获奖者Gupta和Sandefur分别通过为流浪者演奏音乐和为穷人争取法律援助来激励穷人的故事。5答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据第二段中的Thegrouphasperformedathomel
27、essshelters, jailsandhalfwayhousesforabouteightyears.可知，Gupta获得该奖是因为他组织的街道交响乐团为流浪者演奏音乐，故C项正确。6答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据第二段中的Eachwinnerwillreceive$625,000overfiveyearstouseastheywish.可知，每位获奖者将在五年内获得625,000美元的资金，供其自由支配，故C项正确。7答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的TheAssociatedPresssaysherresearchactivelysupportsnewwaystoinvolv
28、epoorcommunitiesintheUS.justicesystem.可知，美联社称，Sandefur的研究为贫困社区参与美国司法系统提供了新途径，由此可知，Sandefur使穷人获得法律援助变得更容易，故A项正确。8答案与解析：A主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了美国两位麦克阿瑟奖的获奖者Gupta和Sandefur分别通过为流浪者演奏音乐和为穷人争取法律援助来激励穷人的故事，故A项正确。.七选五1答案与解析：D文章衔接题。根据前文介绍到额外的久坐时间对我们的健康来说是个坏消息。后文给出了四条建议。D项：Herearesomewaystostoptechnologyaddicti
29、on。后文是停止长时间使用电脑和手机的方法和建议。符合文意，故选D。2答案与解析：G联系下文题。根据后文Then, aftertakingthesehealthyphysicalactivities, youcanpulloutyourphoneortablet, ortakeaseatatthecomputer。可知然后，在进行这些健康的体育活动后，你可以掏出手机或平板电脑，或者坐在电脑前。G项：Instead, youhavetogoforawalk, rideabike, orswimatleastanhour。相反，你必须去散步，骑自行车，或者至少游泳一小时。符合文意，故选G。3答案与
30、解析：E理解判断题。根据前文AndSocialnetworkshavechangedcomputerandmobileuseforpeopleofallages。可知社交网络改变了所有年龄段的人使用电脑和移动设备的习惯。E项：WhetheritsFacebookorTwitter, limitthetimeonline。无论是Facebook还是Twitter，都要限制上网时间。符合文意，故选E。4答案与解析：A段落理解题。根据后文Challengeyourselftoreadatleast30pagesofagreatbookbeforeyoucheckyourcomputerormobilephone。可知在你查看电脑或手机之前，挑战自己至少阅读30页好书。A项：Setasidereadingtime。留出阅读时间。符合文意，故选A。5答案与解析：C逻辑推理题。根据后文Somesuggestionsareorganizingkitchencupboards, cleaningyourbedroom.Thentrytodooneeachevening.可知一些建议是整理厨房橱柜，打扫卧室，然后每天晚上做一个。C项：Makealistofonehoureveningprojects.列出一个一小时的晚间活动清单。符合文意，故选C。
