1、2021高考英语复习之真题重点词汇短语及练习（十二）2019年全国卷I阅读理解D篇重点单词、语块1 rosy rzi adj. 美好的2 elementary elmentri adj. 初级的；基础的3 openness pnns n. 诚实；率真；坦率4 carry over 继续存在，保持下去5 analyze nlaz vt. 分析6 conclusion knklu:n n. 结论7 come to another conclusion 得出另一个结论8 be related to positive life outcomes 与积极的生活结果有关9 be responsible f
2、or 作为的原因；成为的起因10 create opportunities for 创造的机会11 gain an advantage 获得优势12 during the rosy years of elementary school 在美好的小学时光13 doll dl n. 玩偶；玩具娃娃14 status stets n. 地位；身份15 tween twi:n n. 10至12岁之间的少年16 teen ti:n n. 13岁到19岁的青少年17 mean girls 刻薄的女孩18 rank rk n. 地位，级别 19 smoke cigarettes 抽烟20 break rul
3、es 违反制度21 play jokes on sb. 捉弄某人22 popularity ppjulrti n. 受欢迎23 a well-explored subject 一个被人们广泛研究的课题24 clinical klnkl adj. 临床的25 a professor of clinical psychology 临床心理学教授26 category ktgri n. 类别，种类27 sort the popular into two categories 将受欢迎的人分为两类28 lik(e)able lakbl adj. 讨人喜欢的29 seeker si:k(r) n. 寻找
4、者；追求者30 quality kwlti n. 品质31 strengthen stren vt. 加强；增强；巩固32 schoolyard sku:lj:d n. 校园33 jump-start dmpstrt vt. 推动；刺激34 interpersonal ntp:snl adj. 人际关系的35 jump-start interpersonal skills 提高人际交往技巧36 tap tp vt. 开发，发掘37 employ mpl vt. 应用；运用；使用38 adolescence dlesns n. 青春期；青春39 power pa(r) n. 权力40 disho
5、norable dsnrbl adj. 可耻的41 enviable envibl adj. 令人羡慕的42 consequence knskwns n. 结果43 engage in 从事，参加44 adolescent dlesnt n. 青少年45 survey s:ve n. 调查研究46 aggressive gresv adj. 好斗的；挑衅的47 over time 随着时间的推移48 likability lakblt n. 讨人喜欢49 adjustment dstmnt n. 调整；适应50 have the opposite effect on 对有相反的影响课后练习（一
6、）During the rosy years of elementary school（小学）, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarette
7、s, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables plays-well-with-others
8、 qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then theres the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the cool kids may have seeme
9、d, Dr. Prinsteins studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are most likely to engage（从事）in dangerous and risky behavior.In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents
10、, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys（调查研究）. We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to hea
11、lthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.In analyzing his and other
12、research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, he said.1. What
13、sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool.2.What is the second paragraph mainly about？A. The classification of the popular.B. The characteristics of adolescents.C. The importance of interpersonal skills.D. The causes of dishonorabl
14、e behavior.3. What did Dr. Prinsteins study find about the most liked kids?A. They appeared to be aggressive.B. They tended to be more adaptable.C. They enjoyed the highest status.D. They performed well academically.4. What is the best title for the text?A. Be NiceYou Wont Finish Last B. The Higher
15、the Status, the Better C. Be the BestYou Can Make It D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness参考答案：CABA课后练习（二）I am an active playgoer and play-reader, and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others. To do this I have searched through d
16、ozens of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the short play.Each play has a theme or central idea which the playwright(剧作家) hopes to get across through dialogue and action. A few characters are used to create a single impression growing out of the theme. It is not
17、my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection, for that would, indeed, ruin the pleasure of reading, discussing, and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright. However, a variety of types is represented here. These include comedy, satire,
18、poignant drama, historical and regional drama. To show the versatility(多面性) of the short play, I have included a guidance play, a radio play and a television play.Among the writers of the plays in this collection, Paul Green, Susan Glaspell, Maxwell Anderson, Thornton Wilder, William Saroyan, and Te
19、nnessee Williams have all received Pulitzer Prizes for their contributions to the theater. More information about the playwrights will be found at the end of this book.To get the most out of reading these plays, try to picture the play on stage, with you, the reader, in the audience. The houselights
20、 dim(变暗). The curtains are about to open, and in a few minutes the action and dialogue will tell you the story.1.What do we know about the author from the first paragraph?A.He has written dozens of plays.B.He has a deep love for the theater.C.He is a professional stage actor.D.He likes reading short
21、 plays to others.2.What does the author avoid doing in his work?A.Stating the plays central ideas.B.Selecting works by famous playwrights.C.Including various types of plays.D.Offering information on the playwrights.3.What does the author suggest readers do while reading the plays?A.Control their feelings.B.Apply their acting skills.C.Use their imagination.D.Keep their audience in mind.4.What is this text?A.A short story.B.An introduction to a book.C.A play review.D.An advertisement for a theater.参考答案：BACB
