1、社会进步与人类文明课时练(一)一、主题语基拓展练(一)主题词汇盘查(已会词汇，在内打“”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)delaysafety outcome queue automobile convey accessible punctual railway conductor sidewalk navigate crash land subway knock stick security vehicle acknowledge (二)主题词汇训练.选词填空(有两词多余)1It was reported that all the flights were delayed due to the t
2、errible weather.2If we had booked a table earlier, we wouldnt be standing here in a queue.3A new railway is under construction in my hometown.4To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving cars.5The flight with 145 passengers aboard from Tokyo landed on the airport i
3、n Beijing yesterday.6After the crash,_both drivers got out and inspected their cars for damage.单句语法填空1Im calling to tell you a piece of good news.There will be a lecture about traffic safety (safe) at 7 pm. next Monday.2When he was in the train, the conductor (conduct) asked him for his ticket.3He p
4、ut the medicine in the top drawer to make sure it would not be accessible (access) to the kids.4If we had taken another road, we wouldnt have been stuck (stick) in the traffic jam for so long.5A truck carrying chemicals knocked into a car running at a high speed, which made us astonished.写出下列句中加蓝词的汉
5、语意思1First of all, youd better arrive on time because it is polite to be punctual in China.准时的，守时的2When it comes to the campus security, we have to take it seriously. 安全3Automobile is one of the most important means of transport in the world, which greatly influences peoples lives. 汽车4Using vehicles
6、makes peoples everyday life easy and fast. 车辆5The river became too narrow and shallow to navigate. 航行6He insisted that all the injured should be conveyed from the spot to the hospital at once. 运送.用本单元词汇替换加蓝词1The blind man tapped his cane (拐杖) on the sidewalk and walked to the supermarket. pavement2H
7、e didnt acknowledge that he had done anything wrong. admit3To tell you the truth, we are satisfied with the outcome of the experiment.consequence二、主题语篇押题练.阅读理解AThe new high speed railway line between Urumqi, capital of the Xinjiang Uygur selfgoverning region, and Lanzhou, capital of Gansu Province,
8、has cut train travel time by half to less than 12 hours.The dramatic improvement will benefit many families planning reunions for Spring Festival.“For the first time, I feel home is not that far away after all，” said Liang Shaofu as he boarded a high speed train in Urumqi with six members of his fam
9、ily.The 35yearold left Lanzhou to set up a dry fruit business in Xinjiang eight years ago, and he has now settled in Urumqi.The 1,776km line, which passes through Qinghai Province and is the countrys first high speed railway built in a high altitude region, came into service on Dec. 26.“We normally
10、drive home for Spring Festival to avoid the difficulties of buying seven train tickets for the whole family during the peak season，” Liang said.“Driving can be very tiring and dangerous sometimes, so one year we even decided not to go back to Lanzhou simply to avoid the trip.”More than 600,000 passe
11、ngers traveled on the line during its first month, and the Urumqi Railway Bureau said the introduction of high speed services will ease transport pressure during the Spring Festival peak season.The existing usual railway line could no longer support Xinjiangs development.All passenger trains will gr
12、adually shift to the new link, leaving the old one to be used for goods.As a result, Xinjiangs annual goods ability could reach 200 million metric tons from the current 70 million.The line passes through areas that experience high winds, and it also crosses parts of the deserted Qinghai Tibet Platea
13、u and the bone dry sands of the Gobi Desert.The project could help China to promote its high speed railway technology abroad, said Ma Xizhang, director of the LanzhouXinjiang railway projects management department in Xinjiang.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是新疆维吾尔自治区首府乌鲁木齐与甘肃省省会兰州之间新建的高速铁路给社会带来的益处。该项目可以帮助中国在海外推广
14、其高速铁路技术。1How long did it take to go from Urumqi to Lanzhou by the usual train before?AAbout 12 hours.BAbout 6 hours.CAbout 24 hours. DAbout 18 hours.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第一段中的“ . has cut train travel time by half to less than 12 hours.”可知，时间缩短一半后，还需要不到12小时的时间，所以原来需要大概24小时。故选C。2Whats the main advantage of th
15、e new high speed railway?AIt takes more time to go to Urumqi to Lanzhou.BIt will be more convenient for people all over the country to Xinjiang.CAll the people in Lanzhou can return home on festivals.DIt helps to improve Xinjiangs development.解析：选D推理判断题。根据倒数第三段前两句可知，原来的老铁路不能再支持新疆的发展，高速铁路的修建使得旧铁路过渡到货
16、运，货运量得以增加，从而促进了新疆的发展。故选D。3From the passage we can learn _.AXinjiangs annual goods ability can increase nearly four timesBthe high speed railway lines cant be built across the bone dry sandsCthe new railway technology may help more railway lines to be built abroadDthe old railway lines can only carry
17、 goods now解析：选C细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The project could help China to promote its high speed railway technology abroad”可知，中国的高铁新技术可以帮助其他国家修建更多的铁路。故选C。4Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?AThe new high speed railway line is good for all people to go home.BTaking the new train is safer tha
18、n driving home from Urumqi to Lanzhou.CThe new high speed railway line benefits businessmen to carry goods.DBusinessmen seldom went home for Spring Festival before.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第六段第二句可知，乘坐新的高铁比自己驾车安全，故选B。BWhat if the car waiting patiently behind a parked bus is a driverless or autonomous vehicle (AV
19、)？Will this robot car be able to understand what you mean when you flash your lights or madly wave your hands？Its sensors could decide that its only safe to overtake when theres no oncoming traffic at all.On a busy road at schoolhome time, this may be never leading to increasingly angry passengers a
20、nd increasingly angry drivers queuing behind.And how will a robot car driving out from a Tjunction into oncoming traffic be able to make the necessary eye contact with a human driver？These safetyfirst robot cars could become victims of their own politeness and end up being bullied and ignored by agg
21、ressive, impatient humans.This, at any rate, is one of the conclusions to be drawn from research carried out by Dr. Chris Tennant of the psychological and behavioral science department at the London School of Economics.His Europewide survey finds that nearly twothirds of drivers think machines wont
22、have enough common sense to interact with human drivers.And more than twofifths think a robot car would remain stuck behind our parked lorry for a long time.“If you view the road as a social space, you will consciously negotiate your journey with other drivers.People who like that negotiation proces
23、s appear to feel less comfortable engaging with AVs than with human drivers，”says Mr Tennant in his report.Of course, humans are always skeptical about new technologies of which they have little experience.That skepticism usually decreases with usage, however.And even many skeptics accept that emoti
24、onless AVs could cause fewer accidents than we humans, with our tendency to road anger, tiredness and lack of concentration.A statistic often repeated is that human error is responsible for more than 90% of accidents.But 70% of the 12,000 people Mr Tennant and his team interviewed agreed that: “As a
25、 point of principle, humans should be in control of their vehicles.” An even greater proportion 80% thought an autonomous vehicle should always have a steering wheel.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无人驾驶车辆针对不同路况的应对措施、遭受的歧视以及与人为驾驶车辆相比的优势等，从而告诉人们要接受并尊重无人驾驶车辆。5What do we know about an autonomous vehicle according
26、to the text?AIt is controlled by a robot.BIt waits shorter than other cars.CIt judges traffic by drivers online.DIt recognizes angry human drivers.解析：选A细节理解题。由第一段第二句可知，无人驾驶的车辆是由机器人操纵的。6What did Dr. Chris Tennant find in his study?AAutonomous vehicles wont interact with human drivers.BAutonomous vehi
27、cles avoid passing Tjunctions ahead of time.CAutonomous vehicles drive in the same ways as human drivers.DAutonomous vehicles may suffer from impatient human drivers.解析：选D细节理解题。由第二段第二句可知，克里斯坦南特博士研究团队得出的结论是：无人驾驶车辆可能会遭到没有耐心的司机的伤害。7What can we infer from the text?AAutonomous vehicles will be less socia
28、l.BAutonomous vehicles are safer than generally expected.CHuman drivers have been replaced by autonomous vehicles.DHuman drivers are willing to interact with autonomous vehicles.解析：选B推理判断题。由第三段第三句和第五句可知，无人驾驶车辆比人们普遍认为得更安全。8What is the best title for the text?AAn Autonomous Car Takes a Test RunBWhat I
29、s Driverless Technology Like?CSay No to the Coming Driverless TrendDWould You Bully a Driverless Car or Show It Respect?解析：选D标题归纳题。概括全文内容可知，作者支持无人驾驶车辆，而且本文重点是对比无人驾驶车辆和人类司机驾驶车辆，因此本文中心思想是不要欺负和不尊重无人驾驶车辆。故选D。.语法填空With a population of 602,000, Luxembourg is one of the richest and smallest _1_ (country) i
30、n Europe, yet it suffers from major traffic jams.Taking up 2,586 square kilometers, Luxembourg is roughly the size of Rhode Island.From the capital of Luxembourg City, Belgium, France and Germany can all _2_ (reach) by car in half an hour.High housing costs, especially in Luxembourg City, mean more
31、than 180,000 of its workforce commute (通勤) from those neighboring nations every day.Luxembourg is a very_3_ (attract) place for jobs, _4_ its “booming economy” and high concentration of jobs have led to congestion (拥塞) issues.In 2016, Luxembourg had 662 cars per 1,000 people, and driving is a “prima
32、ry means of transportation” for commuters.That year, drivers in Luxembourg City_5_ (spend) an average of 33 hours in traffic.It fared _6_ (bad) than European cities Copenhagen and Helsinki, which have comparable population sizes to all of Luxembourg, yet it only took drivers in both an average of 24
33、 hours in traffic.But that could be about to change. _7_ country at this very moment is in really good shape, thus the government wants the people_8_ (benefit) from the good economy.As of March 1,2020 all public transport trains, trams and buses in the country is now free, _9_ (make) it the first fr
34、ee public transport country in the world.However, the new scheme can signal important changes ahead_10_ it comes to Luxembourgs reliance on driving.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。卢森堡面临严重的交通堵塞，从2020年3月1日起，卢森堡所有公共交通会免费运营。政府希望此举能缓解严重的交通拥堵，并有益于环保。1countries考查名词复数。此处为“one of名词复数”结构，意为“之一”。故填countries。2be reached考查被动语态。卢森
35、堡市应该是被抵达，因此应用被动语态，且空前有情态动词can，所以用be reached。3attractive考查形容词。分析句子可知，此处为形容词作定语，修饰place。故填attractive。4but考查连词。结合句意可知，此处应为转折，故填but。5spent考查一般过去时。根据句中的时间状语“That year”可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填spent。6worse考查副词比较级。根据句中的“than”可知，此处应用比较级，bad的比较级为worse，故填worse。7The考查定冠词。此处应该是特指卢森堡这个国家，故填The。8to benefit考查不定式。根据句意可知，此处为w
36、ant to do sth.，故填to benefit。9making考查现在分词作状语。分析句子结构可知，此处作结果状语，火车、电车和公共汽车都免费与其产生的结果“成为世界上第一个公共交通都免费的国家”是自然而然的，故填making。10when考查固定搭配。when it comes to sth.为固定搭配，意为“当提到”。故填when。课时练(二)一、主题语基拓展练 (一)主题词汇盘查 (已会词汇，在内打“”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)blockdirectionaccident collision available drunken guidance trap acceleration
37、 aircraft comfortable flight airport unforgettable license observe regulation harbour departure speed (二)主题词汇训练.选词填空(有两词多余)available， accident， block， trap， license， unforgettable， regulation， harbour， airport， flight 1When we saw the highway entirely blocked with snow, we decided to spend the holid
38、ay at home.2Because of the serious accident,_it took him more than two years to recover from his injury.3Vehicles go faster than ever, but they remain trapped in traffic jams.4The young man had to admit driving without a driving license.5Everyone who is informed of attending the celebration of this
39、years music festival can experience this unforgettable occasion.6To catch the early flight,_we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.7Passengers must check in at the airport an hour before the plane leaves.8Film tickets are available online, so you can get them conveniently.It will mean le
40、ss queuing.单句语法填空1A truck came in an opposite direction (direct) of the car, so the car driver made a sharp turn.2The acceleration (accelerate) of the pace of life also implies the expansion of peoples social circle.3Due to the strict traffic regulations on drunken (drink) driving, the number of acc
41、idents from it has greatly decreased.4The young man sped up the car hoping to arrive at the station on time, but it was too late.5The armchair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable (comfort) to sit in.6Under our teachers careful guidance (guide), we finished our homework in advance.写
42、出下列句中加蓝词的汉语意思1I would definitely choose aircraft as my favorite means of transportation. 飞机2If we had known of your departure, we would have seen you off at the airport.离开，启程3It is hoped that no one was seriously injured in the car collision. 碰撞4She led us to a room with a balcony overlooking the ha
43、rbour. 港口，港湾5In addition, they will teach many traffic regulations to remind us to pay attention to traffic safety. 规则，条例6It is everybodys duty to observe traffic rules to keep our society in order and going on the right track. 遵守二、主题语篇押题练.阅读理解(2021武邑中学质检)The United States has about 475,000 school b
44、uses all painted yellow. Each day they carry more than 25,000,000 children, half of all schoolchildren in the country. But these buses, on average, use four liters of diesel (柴油) fuel to travel less than sixteen kilometers. When the school year began last fall, diesel averaged 55 cents a liter natio
45、nally. The price nearly doubled, to a dollar and 8 cents, by the end of school in June.Bob Riley speaks for the American School Bus Council. He says fuel prices for schools are not much lower than others have to pay. As a result, schools are looking for ways to reduce transportation costs. Bus route
46、s are being redrawn or, in some cases, canceled. Some areas are buying buses that use natural gas or other alternative fuels. Other steps include fewer field trips and less travel by sports teams. And some school districts may end any bus service not required by law.Studies show that school buses ar
47、e the safest form of transportation to and from school. The American School Bus Council says cuts in bus service are bad for children and possibly the environment. It says removing buses from the road will mean an increase in other vehicles transporting students. Spokesman Bob Riley says another con
48、cern is that reducing bus services might reduce attendance.But it could also get more children to walk or bicycle to school. And that would surely make people happy at the National Center for Safe Routes to School. More kids walking or biking safely to school is the aim of a threeyearold federal pro
49、gram, part of an international movement. The goal is to increase physical activity and reduce air pollution. The United States will celebrate Walk to School Day on October 8th this year. But for some students, high fuel prices could make every day a walktoschool day.1What does this passage mainly te
50、ll us?AHigh fuel prices influences on school buses.BNew measures to transport school students.CThe safest form of student transportation.DThe origin of Walk to School Day.解析：选A主旨大意题。根据首段第三至五句及最后一段尾句可知，本文主要介绍了高燃油价格对校车的影响。故选A。2In order to cut down transportation cost, many schools take the following m
51、easures EXCEPT _.Achanging some bus routesBstopping some bus routesCasking parents to drive children to and from schoolDusing other types of fuels解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，C选项未被提及，故选C。3The National Center for Safe Routes to School encourages more children to walk or bike to school in order to _.Asave mo
52、re fuels and diesel for the countryBkeep the children safe on their way to schoolCmake the children live a simple lifeDkeep the children healthy and the environment clean解析：选D细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The goal is to increase physical activity and reduce air pollution.”可知，他们的目标是增加体育活动和减少空气污染。故选D。.阅读七选五(2021广州模拟
53、)What happens when you want to go from one place to another, but theres water in the way? Thats the problem people faced for hundreds of years in the area that is now New York City.In the city, there is a natural canal (运河) called the Narrows, separating Brooklyn on one side from Staten Island on th
54、e other.But the Narrows isnt really so narrow.The water is almost a mile wide, and its more than 100 feet deep._1_ When they wanted to talk to each other, they climbed into their boats and sailed across.By the late 1800s, circumstances had changed dramatically.Population growth meant there were now
55、many people needing to travel between Staten Island and Brooklyn for work._2_ Between 1888 and 1920 there were two major efforts to build a train tunnel to connect the areas._3_ Proposals to build a connecting bridge made during the 1910s also ended in failure due to opposition from the US Navy.Fina
56、lly, after World War ， there were so many people living in New York City that leaders decided Brooklyn and Staten Island needed a direct connection.Since tunnels were too expensive, they decided to build a bridge.The design selected had two separate roadways stacked (叠放) on top of each other._4_ Con
57、struction, which took five years, was completed in 1964 and cost $320 million.Today about 190,000 cars and trucks cross the bridge every day._5_ But in the case of the Narrows, figuring out a good solution took hundreds of years.ASometimes getting from one place to another is very easy.BBoth were qu
58、ickly abandoned however due to the high costs involved.CNeither road was large enough to satisfy the existing transport demands.DIt was anticipated that the new train system would help the areas grow even faster.ETaking a boat every time was very slow, expensive and, in bad weather, unreliable.FBoth
59、 would hang in the air from thick steel cables, supported by two giant steel towers.GFor a long time that wasnt a problem, because only a few people lived in Brooklyn and Staten Island.1选G根据空前一句和空后一句可推知，G项“很长时间以来那不是一个问题，因为只有少数人住在Brooklyn和Staten Island”承上启下，符合语境。2选E空前一句提到，人口增长意味着有许多人为了工作奔波于两地之间；根据空处下
60、文可知，人们想要建造一个火车隧道来连接两地。由此可推知，空处应是说乘船往返于两地的缺点，故选E。3选B根据空前一句中的“two major efforts”和空后一句可知，空处应该是讲两次努力都没有成功，故选B。4选F根据空前一句中的“two separate”可知，F项中的“Both”与之呼应，且F项的句意与语境相符，故选F。5选A根据空后的转折句可知，空处的句子应与此句形成逻辑上的转折关系，所以A项“有时从一个地方到另一个地方是很容易的”符合语境。.短文改错On July 5th my little dog Milo escaped from my yard fencing by bars
61、.I suspected it was the fireworks on July 4th which frightened him.He headed for miles to the 15 freeway, running in and out of the traffic on it.A young couple spent several hours driven him away by car and on feet and rescued him.Having been noticed my phone number on his collar, they called me.Th
62、ey waited me in a supermarket parking lot after I came to pick him up.If it hasnt been for them, he would sure have been killed on the freeway.Their kind will never be forgotten!答案：第一句：fencingfenced第二句：whichthat第四句：drivendriving; feetfoot第五句：去掉been第六句：waited之后加for; afteruntil第七句：hasnthadnt; suresurely第八句：kindkindness12
