1、小说、戏剧、诗歌、传记、文学简史、经典演讲、文学名著等一、主题语基拓展练(一)主题词汇盘查(已会词汇，在内打“”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)playwrightversionscene script backstage character comedy curtain tragedy ending masterpiece novel fiction plot role classic climax episode works original (二)主题词汇训练.写出下列各句中加黑词的汉语意思1(2020浙江7月高考)Each play has a theme or central idea w
2、hich the playwright hopes to get across through dialogue and action.剧作家2(2020浙江7月高考)A few characters are used to create a single impression growing out of the theme.人物；角色3What made me impressed deeply of the film was its surprising ending. 结局4(2020全国卷) . the whole thing develops into an unpleasant s
3、cene and that ruins everyones day. 场景；片段5(2020全国卷)The artist was sure he would be chosen, but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister, the old man laughed. 杰作；代表作6(2020全国卷)Published in 1964, its his classic memoir (回忆录) of 1920s Paris.经典的；古典的7Is his story a fact or a fiction
4、? It is unbelievable. (虚构)小说8Which role will the film star play in the film？角色.选词填空(有两词多余)version， comedy， novel， plot， original， works， scene， curtain， backstage， tragedy1.The writer often goes deep among the masses (群众) and has turned out good works.2The curtain fell to the loud applause of the au
5、dience and the short play ended.3The TV series is adapted from a novel of the same name.4I read the book in translation, not in the original English.5The children succeeded in playing out the comedy, causing us a lot of laughter.6There are two versions of the game, a long one and a short one.7The di
6、rector created a mysterious plot of the opera, where many soldiers disappeared without any warning.8Tragedy struck the family when their son was hit by a car and killed.二、主题语篇押题练.阅读理解The work of Rosenthal and Jacobson shows that teachers expectations influence students performance. Positive expectat
7、ions influence performance positively, and negative expectations influence performance negatively. Rosenthal and Jacobson originally described the phenomenon as the Pygmalion effect. Rosenthal wrote in 1985, “When we expect certain behaviors of others, we are likely to act in ways that make the expe
8、cted behavior more likely to occur.”The original research of Rosenthal and Jacobson focused on an experiment at an elementary school where students took intelligence pretests. Rosenthal and Jacobson then informed the teachers of the names of 20% of the students in the school who were showing “unusua
9、l potential for intellectual growth” and would have excellent academic performance within the year. Unknown to the teachers, these students were selected randomly (随意地) with no relation to the pretest.When Rosenthal and Jacobson tested the students eight months later, they discovered that the random
10、ly selected students who the teachers thought would perform excellently scored much higher. Why does the Pygmalion effect occur? If the teacher thinks the students cant achieve very much, or are not bright enough, he/she may tend to teach simple stuff, do lots of drills, read from his/her notes, and
11、 give simple assignments calling for simplistic answers, according to scientists.Therefore, there are some practical tips for teachers: Never forecast failure in the classroom. If you know a test is particularly difficult, tell your students that the test is difficult but you are sure that they will
12、 do well if they work hard to prepare for it. Do not participate in gripe (发牢骚) sessions about students. Teachers who gripe about students are establishing a culture of failure for their students, their department and their own teaching. Establish high expectations. Students achieve more when teache
13、rs have higher expectations. When you give students a difficult assignment, tell them, “I know you can do this.” If you genuinely believe that your students cannot perform the assignment, put off the assignment and reteach the material. 语篇解读：美国著名心理学家罗森塔尔和雅格布森提出了皮格马利翁效应，指出热切的期望与赞美能够产生奇迹。这一效应对教学会产生怎样的
14、影响呢？ 1How did Rosenthal and Jacobson conduct their experiment?AThey trained the selected students before experimenting.BThey selected the students without referring to the test results.CThey gave pretests in order to divide students into different groups.DThey selected students according to the stud
15、ents academic performance.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，这些“有潜力的”学生是他们随意挑选的，同前期测试的结果毫无关系。2How do the teachers teach less potential students according to the scientists?AThey praise them all the time.BThey spare no efforts to help them.CThey are likely to give them easy homework.DThey ask them to practice mo
16、re to catch up with others.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，老师对于基础薄弱的学生会倾向于给他们教授简单的知识，布置简单的任务。3What is the best title of this passage?ANo Pains, No GainsBTesting Matters in EducationCHow to Be a Qualified TeacherDThe Higher Expectations, the Better Achievements解析：选D标题归纳题。根据第一段的内容尤其是第二句可知，热切的期望与赞美能够产生奇迹。根据全文大意
17、，本文标题可归纳概括为“更高的期望可产生更好的结果”。.完形填空I will never forget one summer in my childhood. While walking in the attic (阁楼), I stepped on something and 1 down, with my hand landing on a floorboard that popped up and almost hit my head. When I 2 and looked inside the open space, I could not believe my eyes: Ther
18、e was gold in there! I 3 a handful of shining gold cubes, ran to the bottom stair and 4 ， “Mama, I found gold up there under the floor！”Back up the stairs I dashed, 5 my brothers almost knocked me down as they ran right by me. When Mama opened the door and 6 her head in, she 7 said, “Honey, thats in
19、sulation (隔热材料). Now put it all back.”I felt really disappointed. I had thought I made a real 8 .When I 9 inside to put the fake gold back, my hand touched what felt like a book. I pulled it out. It was old and small: Bartletts Familiar Quotations, which Id never heard of. And 10 I was bored, I deci
20、ded to see what was inside this little book. To my 11 ， it was a book of passages, phrases and proverbs, and I could tell that this was going to be 12 .So I spent quite much time on it and found 13 in these pages. As I didnt know how to express things clearly, I often 14 to talk about them. This boo
21、k helped me 15 that I didnt need to feel ashamed or 16 ， because other people had similar experiences.When I went to college, Bartletts Familiar Quotations came with me. Over the years, Ive kept my original 17 ， which to this day I often 18 . Although it was a 19 to find the book, it liberated me in
22、 a way. It helped me see more than my young mind and heart were able to understand.The book discovered under those floorboards was, 20 ， gold.语篇解读：作者童年时期在阁楼意外发现了Bartletts Familiar Quotations这本书，被其中的内容吸引，并且收获良多。1A.slowedBcalmedClooked Dfell解析：选D根据上文中的“I stepped on something”及下文中的“with my hand landing
23、 on a floorboard”可推知，作者踩住了某个东西“摔倒”了。fall意为“跌倒”，符合语境。2A.bent over Bshowed upClay down Dbroke in解析：选A根据上文可知，地板翘了起来(差点打到头)，于是作者“俯下身”去看，发现地板下面有金子。bend over意为“俯身”，符合语境。show up“出现”；lie down“躺下”；break in“强行进入，打断”。3A.stole BproducedCseized Dhid解析：选C根据下文中的“handful”以及“to put the fake gold back”可推知，作者当时“抓”了一把金
24、块，朝楼下跑去，seize“抓取”，符合语境。steal“偷”；produce“生产”；hide“隐藏”。4A.yelled BsighedCadmitted Dcomplained解析：选A根据空后的“Mama, I found gold”可知，作者当时非常兴奋，所以会“大喊”，yell意为“大喊”。sigh“叹息”；admit“承认”；complain“抱怨”。5A.or BsoCbut Dfor解析：选C根据空后的“my brothers almost knocked me down as they ran right by me”可推知，作者的哥哥们也想冲到阁楼上看“金子”，作者告诉完
25、母亲冲回阁楼，“但是”途中差点被哥哥们撞倒，空格前后两部分为转折关系。6A.nodded BstuckClowered Dlifted解析：选B根据空后的“her head in”可知，母亲把门打开，把头“伸”了进去，发现那只是隔热材料。stick意为“放置”，stick her head in表示母亲将头伸进去。nod“点头”；lower“把放低”；lift“举起”。7A.simply BthoughtfullyChonestly Dangrily解析：选A根据下文中的“Honey, thats insulation (隔热材料). Now put it all back.”可知，母亲仅仅说
26、它是隔热材料，并让作者将“金子”放回去。simply“仅仅，只”；thoughtfully“深思熟虑地”；honestly“诚实地”；angrily“生气地”。8A.difference BchoiceCmistake Ddiscovery解析：选D根据上文中的“I found gold up there under the floor”可知，作者当时真的以为自己有了一个大的“发现”，但当被告知不是金子的时候，作者自然很失望。9A.sat BslidCreached Dwalked解析：选C根据下文中的“my hand touched what felt like a book”可知，作者将手
27、伸进去，将“假金子”放了回去，故选reach“伸手”。slid为slide的过去式，意为“滑动”。10A.until Bnow thatCunless Dso that解析：选B根据上文中的“which Id never heard of”及空后的“I was bored”可知，作者从来没有听说过这本书，又“由于”感到无聊，所以决定看看书中的内容。now that“既然，由于(since/in that)”。11A.surprise BregretCrelief Ddisappointment解析：选A根据下文中的“So I spent quite much time on it”可知，让作者
28、感到“吃惊”的是，这本书里面有很多文段、短语和谚语，并且作者断定这本书将会“有趣”。to ones surprise“令某人吃惊的是”；to ones relief“使某人感到轻松的是”。12A.absurd BcontroversialCboring Dinteresting解析：选D参见上题解析。absurd“荒谬的”；controversial“有争议的”。13A.sympathy BcomfortChonor Ddoubt解析：选B根据上文中的“I spent quite much time on it”及“I was bored”可知，当时因为有了这本书，作者乏味的生活有了一些“安慰
29、”。sympathy“同情”；comfort“慰藉，安慰”；honor“荣誉”；doubt“怀疑”。14A.tended BofferedCmanaged Dhesitated解析：选D根据上文中的“I didnt know how to express things clearly”可知，因为作者不知道如何清楚地表达事件，所以在谈及它们的时候经常“迟疑”。tend to do“往往会做，倾向于做”；offer to do“主动提出做”；manage to do“设法完成”；hesitate to do“迟疑做，不愿意做”。15A.expect BrememberCrealize Dimagi
30、ne解析：选C根据下文中的“I didnt need to feel ashamed”以及语境可知，这本书让作者“意识到”，当自己表达不好的时候，不需要感到羞愧或“尴尬”，因为其他人也有相似的经历。16A.embarrassed BsatisfiedCastonished Dtired解析：选A参见上题解析。embarrassed“尴尬的”；satisfied“满意的”；astonished“感到十分惊讶的”；tired“疲劳的”。17A.mind BcopyCplan Dfile解析：选B根据空前的“original”以及语境可推知，多年来，作者一直保存着自己当年发现的那本书，copy在文中
31、意为“一本，一册”。original copy表示“原本，原件”。18A.put away Bshow offCrefer to Dpick up解析：选C根据上文作者一直留着这本书，再结合语境和常识可推知，作者至今还一直在“参考”这本书。put away“将收起来”；show off“炫耀”；refer to“查阅，参考，征询”；pick up“捡起”。19A.dilemma BdisasterCpity Dcoincidence解析：选D根据上文可知，作者当时发现这本书纯属“巧合”，但即便是巧合，这本书却在某种程度上(心灵、思想方面)解放了作者。dilemma“困境”；disaster“灾难”；pity“遗憾”；coincidence“巧合”。20A.still BindeedCnormally Dhopefully解析：选B根据上文中的“It helped me see more than my young mind and heart were able to understand”可知，这本书让作者的思想和心灵得到解放，对作者而言“的确”是金子。
