1、考点10 被动语态一、教材重点回顾：1、被动语态的含义英语中时态很多，但语态不多，只有两种，即: 主动语态和被动语态。所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被”“由”的句式，其主语是动作的承受者。如:“他的自行车被偷了。”，“这座楼房是由他们建造的。”2、被动语态的结构那么，英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢?请看下面的例句(注意划线部分): This is called “the greenhouse effect.”They are called renewable sources.通过上面的例句，可以看出，“被动语态”的构成是: be+及物动词的过去分词+（by+动作执行者）3、被动语态的运
2、用：下面几种情况一般要用被动语态(1)不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要。例如: Paper is made from wood. 纸是由木材生产出来的。He was wounded in the fight. 他在战斗在受伤了。 Electricity is used to run machines. 电是用来开动机器的。 (2) 不需要强调动作的对象时。例如:Calculator cant be used in the maths exam.计算器不能用于数学考试。Books in the reading room mustn t be taken away. 阅览室的书籍不准带走。(3)
3、句子的主语是物。Spanish is spoken as the official language there.在那里西班牙语被当作官方语言来说。4、各种时态的被动语态：最主要是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化:1）、一般现在时的被动语态。 am/is/are +动词的过去分词One is known as the one-child policy.其中一项被称为独生子女政策Sea waves are used for producing electricity.海浪用来发电。2）、一般过去式的被动语态: was/ were +动词的过去分词Big family were crowded int
4、o small houses.大家庭被挤一间小房子里。Electric vehicles were developed in the 1990s.电动汽车是20世纪90年代被发展了。3）、现在进行时的被动语态: am /is/ are + being+动词的过去分词A new factory is being built in our city now.现在我们市里一家新工厂正在被兴建。Some trees are being cut down in the park.一些公园里的树木正在被砍伐。4）、过去进行时的被动语态: was/were+ being+动词的过去分词A new facto
5、ry was being built in our city at that time.那时候在我们市里一家新工厂正在被兴建。Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year. 去年，一些宝宝正在被陈小姐照看着。5）、一般将来时的被动语态:(A) will/shall + be +动词的过去分词(B) am/ is / are + going to be +动词的过去分词.Some new factories will be built in our city this year.今年我们市里将要兴建一些新工厂。Your wa
6、tch is going to be mended in an hour.你的手表将在一小时内（被）修好。6）、过去将来时的被动语态:(1).would/ should + be+动词的过去分词(2).was/ wee +going to be +动词的过去分词.She said that some new factories would be built in our city. 她说在我们市里将要兴建一些新工厂。He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour. 他认为你的手表将在一个小时内被修好。 7）、现在完
7、成时的被动语态have /has + been+动词的过去分词Their materials have been changed so that it feels more comfortable.它们的材料已经被更换了，为了它摸起来更舒服。8）、过去完成时的被动语态had + been+动词的过去分词He said that some new factories had been built in the city. 他说在市里一些新工厂已经被兴建了。9）、含情态动词的被动式: can/may/must + be + doneA lot of water can be saved by fo
8、rests.大量的水可以被森林储存下来。主动语态变被动语态：1.从句子意义上说，就是重新找出“什么事物”作为句子的主语，来表示是“被完成”的。例1. 主动语态: 人们说英语。People speak English in many countries.被动语态: 英语被说。English is spoken in many countries.例2.主动语态:我们造这座桥。We built this bridge last year.被动语态:这座桥被建造。This bridge was built last year.2、从语法角度说，把原句的宾语改成主语。例1.主动语态: 小王邀请你(宾语
9、) Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party.被动语态: 你(宾语)被邀请。You has been invited to a lunch party by XiaoWang.例2.主动语态:你不准带走杂志(宾语)You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room.被动语态:杂志(宾语)不准被带走These magazines must not be taken out of the reading-room.例3. (可接双宾语的动词如：give, send, show, buy等变被动
10、语态可有二种变化形式）。主动语态:他们授给他(宾语)枚奖章(宾语).They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.被动语态:他(宾语)被授予一枚奖章.He was given a medal for his wonderful work.被动语态: 一枚奖章(宾语)被授给了他.A medal was given to him for his wonderful work.二、中考考点梳理1、被动语态的结构：be +及物动词的过去分词(p. p)被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持致其具体变化为:一般现在时: am
11、/is/ are+p. p.一般过去时: was/ were+p. p.一般将来时: shall / will be +p. p.现在完成时: have / has been +p. p.过去完成时: had been +p. p.现在进行时: am/is/ are +being+p. p.过去进行时: was/were +being+p. p.过去将来时: should / would be +p. p.含情态动词的被动结构:情态动词+be+p. p.2、 初中教材中常用被动语态的表达有：1. be covered with被覆盖2. be made of由制作(发生物理变化)be made
12、 from由制作(发生化学变化)be made in由(某地)制造be made by被(某人)制造3. be used for被用来be used as被当作(作为)来使用be used to do sth.被用来做某事4. It is said that.据说It is hoped that.希望It is well known that.众所周知Its reported that 据报道 Its not decided that尚未决定Its believed that 据认为 Its announced that据宣布3. 主动语态表被动的情况(1) open, lock, write
13、, read, sell, clean, watch, cut, burn, drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表被动意义。如:This kind of pen writes very smoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。(2) look, sound, taste, smell, fell 等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。如:Light music sounds soft.轻音乐听起来很柔和。(3)be worth doing用主动形式表被动意义。如:This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。(4) want/ need/ require
14、 + doing相当于want/ need/require+to be done。to be done为不定式的被动结构。My bike needs repairing. = My bike needs to be repaired.我的自行车需要被修理。4.被动语态的几种特殊形式1). 一感(fee1) 二听(1isten, hear) 三让(make, 1et, have) 四看(look, see,watch, notice)以上动词做谓语动词时，在主动语态中与省略to的不定时连用，而在被动语态中要与带to的不定时连用，即:主动语态to省略，被动语态to回来。I often see hi
15、m help the old.我经常看到他帮助老人。He is often seen to help the old by me.他经常被我看到帮助老人。2).双宾语变被动语态时，直接或间接宾语均可转化为主语，但直接宾语变主语时，间接宾语前常加上介词or或to。Jack bought a gift for me. 杰克为我买了一份礼物。A gift was bought for by Jack. 或I was bought a gift by Jack.3).一些动词短语用于被动语态时，要是为一个整体，不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。We must finish the work carefully
16、. 我们必须认真完成这项工作。The work must be finished carefully by us.这项工作必须由我们认真完成。4).带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只变宾语为被动句主语，宾语补足语不变。I asked her to go with me.我叫她跟我一起去。She was asked to go with me.她被我叫着一起去。5.不能用被动语态的情况1).谓语动词为不及物动词或不及物动词短语时，不用被动语态。如: happen, take place, take off 等。2).有些及物动词或短语也无被动语态。如: cost, leave, enter,
17、reach, have, wish, belong to, mind 等。3).宾语为反身代词、相互代词、不定式、现在分词等时，不能变为被动语态。4).系动词无被动语态。如: be, become, feel, get, look, seem, smell, sound, taste, turn等。一、 典例分类1. His car _ five years ago, but it looks quite new. A. buys B.bought C.is bought D.was bought 【答案】D 【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句子有个明显的一般过去时标志词ago, 故确定用一
18、般过去时。根据题意，他的小车是被他买的。所以用被动语态。故答案是 was bought D。2. -Tom is always careless with his schoolwork. Could you help him?-No problem! I think he to think twice before starting.A. should be told B. shouldnt be told C. should tell【答案】A 【解析】考查情态动词的被动语态。根据题意应该是Tom他应该被告诉开始行动前要三思。所以得是should be told，答案是A。3. Around
19、 the world, 300 million tons of plastic _each year, of which about 10 percent ends up in the sea.A. is created B. was created C. creates【答案】A 【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。该句中3亿吨塑料每年被制造出来了，主语是塑料，所以还得是用被动语态。故答案选A。4. -Where will the 2022 Winter Olympics _ , Cindy? -In Beijing, the capital of China, the first city
20、to host both Summer and Winter Olympics. A.be taken place B.take place C.take part D.be taken part 【答案】B 【解析】考查不用被动语态的特殊情况。当谓语动词为不及物动词或不及物动词短语时，不用被动语态。如: happen, take place, take off 等。所以答案选B。5. -Dr. Bethune helped a lot of Chinese in the 1930s, he is a great international soldier. -I know, so he _
21、still _ in both China and Canada now. A. has; remembered B.is; remembered C.will; remember D.is ; remembering 【答案】B 【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。意思是白求恩现在还被中国和加拿大人们所纪念。故答案用B。6. Gina went to the doctors yesterday and she _ about the importance of good living habits once more. A.told B.is told C.was told D.has tol
22、d 【答案】C 【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。Gina是昨天去看医生时被医生告知好的生活习惯的重要性。所以答案是C。7. These machines _ in their factory by themselves last year. A.make B.made C.are made D.were made 【答案】D 【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据题意：这些机器去年是在他们工厂里被制造的。be made in+地点，表示在哪里被制造。故答案选D。8. Its reported the medals for the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo _ f
23、rom 100% recycled material.A. are making B. have made C. is made D. will be made【答案】D 【解析】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句子中的时间标志词是2020年，是一般将来时。而奖牌是被制作的。所以得用一般将来时的被动语态，will be made，故用答案D。另：be made from 用做的（看不出原料）。9. The villagers expect that the building of the bridge _ before the rainy season comes. A. is completed
24、B. was completed C. will be completed D. has been completed【答案】C 【解析】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意是村民们希望在雨季之前修好桥，是一般将来时。所以用一般将来时的被动语态。故答案用C。10. -Lucy, what have you learnt from this history class?-Paper _fast _about 2,000 years ago in China.A. is; invented B. was; invented C. is; inventing D. was; inventing【答案】B
25、【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句子有明显的一般过去时标志词2,000 years ago, 故确定用一般过去时。纸张是被发明出来的，所以用被动语态。故答案为B。11. The Hong KongZhuhaiMacao Bridge in 2018. We are proud of it. A. is completed B. is completing C. was completed D. completes【答案】C 【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句子中的时间标志词是2018年，是一般过去时。而港珠澳大桥是被修建的。所以得用一般过去时的被动语态，故用答案C。12. The Chin
26、a International Search and Rescue Team has brought help and hope to people in disasters around the world since it 18 years ago.A. set up B.is set up C. was set up D. will be set up【答案】C 【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句子中的时间标志词是18 years ago，是一般过去时。中国国际救援队是18年前被创建的，所以得用一般过去时的被动语态，故用答案C。二、易混易错点拨1. The 2021 Internati
27、onal Horticultural Expo _ in Yangzhou. A. holds B. will hold C. is held D. will be held【答案】D 【解析】考查一般将来时的被动语态。2021年是一般将来时，园艺博览会将在2021年被举办。所以用一般将来时的被动语态。很多人会用习惯性思维直接选B. will hold，这是思虑不周全的结果。所以答案选 D。2. Unluckily, Notre Dame de Pairs（巴黎圣母院）_ this April. We felt so sad for that. A.was burnt B.is burnt C
28、.has been burnt 【答案】D 【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。巴黎圣母院今年四月被烧了，明显是一般过去时的被动语态，故答案选D。有些人会觉得this April是一般现在时，从而错误地选了B。3. In Chinese culture , children born in the Year of the Monkey _ to be smart. A.say B.said C.will be said D.are said【答案】D 【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。题意为在中国的文化里，猴年出生的孩子被说是聪明的。用被动语态的情况是显而易见的。故答案用D。4.Ababysfi
29、rstmonthbirthdayisaspecialeventinChina and_withaspecial party.A.celebrates B.iscelebrated C.wascelebrated D.willcelebrate【答案】B 【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。首先宝宝的满月生日是被庆祝的。而and前后的be动词形式要一致， 前面是is a special event，所以后面也用is celebrated。所以答案选B。5. It is said that one Greater Bay Area university _ in Guangdong in the f
30、uture. A.will be built B. build C. will build D. is built【答案】A 【解析】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句子有明确的将来时in the future, 大学又是被举办的，所以用will be built。有些人在粗心地选答案 C.will build。6. - I enjoy walking on the clean streets in the morning. -You know they _ by the hard-working cleaners every day. A. clean B. are cleaned C. are
31、cleaning D. will clean【答案】B 【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。题中的这些街道每天早上是被辛勤的清洁工们清扫干净了的。句中有明显的被动语态的标志词by, 所以用are cleaned。故答案选 B。 7. -Im tired of cleaning the house. -Sweeping robotsmore and more widely_ today. Why not buy one?A. are used B. were used C. are using D. used【答案】A 【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。题中的意思是说，扫地机器人现在越来越广泛地被
32、使用了，所以是用are used。但是有很多人看到today就会选用现在进行时are using，属于理解有误。8. -Oh, your room is too dirty, Mike! -Sorry, Mum. It _yesterday. I forgot to do it.A. didnt clean B. isnt cleaned C. was cleaned D. wasnt cleaned【答案】D 【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意是我的房间昨天没有被打扫，有yesterday这样的过去时标志词，所以只能选择wasnt cleaned。9.（2019湖南益阳） A lot o
33、f trees _ every spring in Yiyang city. A. plant B. is planted C. are planted【答案】C 【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。由every spring可知本句要用一般现在时，大量的树被种植。故答案选C. are planted. 10. These cakes_ with chocolate. Have one, please.A. fill B. filled C. are filled D. were filled【答案】C 【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。题目的意思是这些蛋糕里被塞了巧克力，所以选 C. are
34、filled。此题要注意不要选D.were filled了，有的人说这些蛋糕里被塞了巧克力是已经完成了这个动作，要用一般过去时。其实不然，这里只是说明这些蛋糕现在这时的状态，仅仅是说明它们现在的形态，与动作无关。1. - Perfect photos! Good skills! - Thank you. They _ by my Huawei mobile phone. In fact, I am not skillful at all.Atook Bwere taken Cwill be taken【答案】B 【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。此题虽然没有明确的表示一般过去时的标志词，但是经
35、过理解可得知，这些照片是已经被拍了的，所以用were taken. 答案选 B。2. -The passenger refused to move after taking another ones seat! -What a shame! He according to the newly credit system(诚信体系). A. punish B. punished C. will punish D. will be punished【答案】D 【解析】考查一般将来时的被动语态。意思是他将会受到新出的诚信体系的惩罚的。所以用will be punished.3. Paper firs
36、t about two thousand years ago in China by Cai Lun.A. is; inventingB. is; invented C. has; inventedD. was; invented【答案】D 【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。two thousand years ago就表明了此句是用一般过去时，纸张被发明的，故用 was invented. 答案为D。4. As one of the most exciting sports, volleyball _ in the Olympic Games in 1954. A.included B.is
37、 included C.was included 【答案】C 【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。排球在1954年被纳入奥运会的项目的了，典型的一般过去时的被动语态，故答案选C。5. My advice on how to save paper by my class last Monday.A. accepts B. accepted C. was accepted D. is accepted【答案】C 【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。last Monday.上周一是过去时，全句意思我的建议被全班所接受了。故选 was accepted。6. In February, Chinese te
38、ch company Huawei_Mate X，a foldable（可折叠的）5G mobile phone. A. is introducing B.introduced C.introduces D.was introduced【答案】B 【解析】考查一般过去时。此题华为公司在今年二月份是主动地发布了Mate X这款可折叠5G手机，故用一般过去时的主动语态就可以了。7. -Its reported that 31 of the brave young men _ in a big fire in Sichuan. -I dont know who they are, but I kno
39、w who they are for. A. were killing B.were killed C.killed D.had killed 【答案】B 【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。首先这个宾语从句是在Its reported that的主句中，主句用了一般过去时，从句也得用一般过去时。然后这31名消防员是被大火所杀死的，所以得用were killed。8. The students in this school _ to choose their own school uniforms. A.are allowed B.allowed C.are allowing 【答案】A 【解析
40、】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意是学生被允许选择自己的校服。are allowed被允许。9. -Waiter! Id like some Shaoyang rice noodles. -Sorry, sir. Rice noodles _ only in the morning. A. serve B.will serve C.are served 【答案】C 【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。题中意思是说米粉只是在早上被提供。10. -Whos the little boy in the photo ? -Its me. The photo _ when I was six years o
41、ld. A. takes B.took C.was taken 【答案】C 【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句中的when I was six years old是状语从句，用的是一般过去时，所以前面也是用一般过去时表示动作在过去已经完成了。照片是被（人）拍的，所以用was taken.11. -Where is your book report? Did your dog eat it again?-No, it almost ，and then my computer just died on me!A.不填；finishes B.不填；finished C.is; finishedD.was; finished【答案】D 【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。题是是说它几乎就要被我完成了，电脑就死机了。由后面的句子died确定整句的时态用一般过去时。12. The environment in my hometown is improving because many trees every year.A.plant B.planted C.are planted【答案】C 【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。由every year确定用一般现在时。大量的树被种植了，所以用are planted。答案为C。
