1、Unit 2English around the worldReadingzxxkAm EBr ELook at the pictures.Can you speak them in American English and British English?soccerfootballAm EBr EeraserrubberAm EBr EliftelevatorAm EBr Eflatapartmentactually in fact 实际上,事实上at present now 现在的、出席的rule govern 统治vocabulary words and expressions词汇、词
2、汇量gradually by degrees 逐渐地New wordsofficial 官方的voyage 航行,航海native 本国的,本地的actually 事实上latter 后者的identity 身份fluent 流利的frequently 频繁地zxxkbe based on 以为基础culture 文化、文明identity 身份government 政府rapidly 迅速地Singapore 新加坡Malaysia 马来西亚Pre-readingRead the title“The Road to Modern English”and predict(预测)what the
3、 passage is mainly about?The road to modern EnglishThe roadthe development of English language More and more people speak English.Native English speakers can understand each other but not everything.Para 1:Para 2:At the end of Later in the next century TodayEnglish is changing over time.(cultures&pl
4、aces)English is spoken as a foreign orsecond language in many countries.Para 3-4:Para 5:A.How to learn English wellB.The brief history of modern EnglishC.The way to England D.The difference between modern English and old EnglishChoose the main idea of the text.BCareful reading:Para 1-Development of
5、Englishthe end of the 16th centurythe nextcenturytodaypeopleEnglandMany other countriesMore peoplespeak in morecountriesIf an American is talking to an Englishman,_.A.They will have almost no difficulty in understandingB.They will have a lot of misunderstandings between each otherC.The American find
6、s it difficult to understand the EnglishmanD.The English man finds it difficult to follow the AmericanPara 2AzxxkWhy does English change over time?Because of cultural communication.Read Para 3 and answer the question:How has English changed over time?AD 450-1150American Dictionary of the English Lan
7、guagewas based more on Germanmore like FrenchShakespeare made use of a wider vocabularyAmerican EnglishAustralian EnglishPara 3-4(rule)(identity)British peoplewent to Australia1150-1500In the 1600s Find out the characteristics of each time according to the time axis.AD450-1150800-1150 The time ADEL
8、was writtenIn the 1600s laterGermanless like German;more like FrenchShakespearesEnglishAmericanEnglishAustralianEnglishThe road to modern EnglishAD 450-1150 English was based more on _.AD 800-1150 English became _ like German Because those who _ England spoke first Danish and later French.In the 160
9、0s _ made use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.GermanThe history of the English languagelessruledShakespeareThe road to modern EnglishIn 1620 Some British settlers moved to _.Later in the 18th centurySome British people were taken to _.1765-1947English became the language for_.AmericaAustralia
10、government and educationThe road to modern EnglishBy the 19th century The English language was settled.Two big changes in _ happened:Samuel Johnson wrote his _ and Noah Webster wrote _Now English is also spoken as a foreign or second language _ _ and so on.English spellingdictionaryThe American Dict
11、ionary of the English Language.in South AsiaChina South AfricaSamuel Johnson Born:September 18,1709 Write a dictionary One of the English languages most profound influences.Two important persons in Para 4Noah WebsterBorn:October 16,1758Died:May 28,1843When Noah was 43,he started writing the first Am
12、erican dictionary.He did this because Americans in different parts of the country spelled,pronounced and used words differently.zxxkWhy is India mentioned in the last paragraph?A.Because India is a typical country who speaks English as a second language because of its long being ruled by Britain.B.B
13、ecause India has a very large number of English speakers.C.Because India is a country where English plays a very important role in social life.D.Because India has a long history of communication with Britain.Para 5 AEnglish is used asA first languageA second languageA foreign languagein the UK,USA,C
14、anada,Australia,South Africa,Ireland and New Zealand and so on.in India,Pakistan,Nigeria the Philippines,and HK and so on.in China,and so on.timeplaceLanguage can change with time.Language can change when cultures communicate with each other.ConclusionFlow ChartThe Road To Modern EnglishEnglish is n
15、ot all the sameEnglish changes over timeThe end of 16th CThenextcenturyTodayMorelikeFrenchShake-spearestimeEnglish speakers increasingEnglish spread inAsia and AfricaAm EAustralianEnglishIndia Othercoun-triesChinaBased on German1.English has/had the most speakers_.A.nowB.when the British ruled many
16、parts of the worldC.in the time of ShakespeareD.in the 12th century2.Which of the following statement is true?Languages always stay the same.Languages change only after wars.Languages no longer change.Languages change when cultures change.ADChoose the correct answer.3.From AD 450 to 1150,English sou
17、nded more like _.A.FrenchB.Chinese C.German D.Russian4.Shakespeares English was spoken around _.A.1400s B.1150s C.450s D.1600s 5.Which country has the fastest growing number of English speakers in the world?A.Australia B.China C.India D.BritainCDB1.Most English speakers in the 16th2.century lived in
18、 England.2.More and more people use English as their first or 2nd language.3.English began to be spoken in other countries in 17th century.TTTTrue or False4.Native English speakers cant understand each other because they dont speak the same kind of English.5.As English is widely used,it will be more
19、 and more important to have a good knowledge of English.6.Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language.FTT7.From 1765 to 1947 English became the language for government and education in India.8.America has the largest number of English learners.9.English had the most speakers i
20、n the 17th century.10.English developed when new settlers and rulers came to Britain.TFFT11.Languages frequentlychange.12.The language of the government is always the language of the country.13.English is one of the official languages used in India.14.This reading describes the development of the En
21、glish language.FTTF1.What is the clue of the passage?2.When did people from England begin to move to other parts of the world?Time.In the 17th century.Read the text carefully and answer the following questions.3.Why does India have a large number of English speakers?India was ruled by Britain from 1
22、765 to 1947.And during that time English became the language for government and education.zxxkAt first,only people in _ spoke English.Later,people from England _ to other parts,so English began to be spoken in _ _ _.Today,_ people speak English as their _,second or foreign language._ English speaker
23、s _understand each other but _ _.Retell the text.Englandmovedmany other countriesmorefirstNativecannot everythingAll languages change when _ communicate with one another.So there are British English,American English,Australian English and so on.They all have their own _.English is also spoken as a f
24、oreign or second language in _ _ _.Maybe one day Chinese English will become one of the world English.culturesidentitymany other countriesThinkingWill Chinese English become one of the world Englishes?“Only time will tell”.1.Do you think it matters what kind 2.of English you learn?Why?3.2.Why do you
25、 think people all over 4.the world want to learn English?Why do so many people want to learn English?To use forbusinessTo use in schoolTo talk to nativespeakersTo readEnglishbooksTo write to pen friendsTo listen to English musicand movies1.Nearly all of them lived in England.nearly和almost 用法明辨：(1)两者
26、通用的场合a.在肯定句中b.修饰all,every,always 等时c.在行为动词的否定式前时e.g.He is almost/nearly 80 years old.(2)只用almost 的场合a.和any,no,none,nothing,nobody,nowhere,never 等连用时。b.和too,more than 等连用时。c.和表示感觉或心理活动的静态动词连用时。e.g.There is almost none left.(3)只用nearly的场合a.被 very,not,pretty 等修饰时。b.和具体数字连用时(nearly常用)。如:Nearly 100 stude
27、nts attended the meeting.2.voyage 在此为可数名词,意为“旅行,航行”。如：The Titanic went under on its first voyage.They supplied this ship with enough food and necessities for a long voyage.I dont want to make the voyage without help.拓展 voyage还可用作动词,意为“(乘船)航行,航海”。如：They planned to voyage across the Pacific Ocean.注意区别
28、名词travel,journey,trip和voyage:travel 用作不可数名词,只用于泛指从某地去另一地，如果某人在某段时间里到处走,可用travels；journey用作可数名词,表示去某地所花的时间和旅行的距离,尤指较长距离的或定期的旅行;trip用作可数名词,表示非定期的,也许较短的往返旅行;voyage则常指海上旅行或太空旅行。Air travel is becoming cheaper.Hes on his travels again.Lily had a long and difficult journey through the mountains last year.T
29、he kids are going on a trip to the castle.3.because of 后边加名词或动名词短语；because 是连词,所以后边跟句子。因为你的关心,我发现生活充满了希望。Because you are concerned about me,I find that life is full of hope.Because of your concern,I find that life is full of hope.因为雨下得很大,那个男孩穿过树林回家了。Because it rained heavily,the boy went back home t
30、hrough the woods.Because of the heavy rain,the boy went back home through the woods.zxxk4.than ever before “比以往任何时候更”than ever before可看作是than they ever speak English before 的省略形式。在比较级结构中，副词 ever 与比较级和最高级连用，用来加强语气。如:Youll speak English much better than ever before.Jane looks much prettier than ever b
31、efore.ever在不同句型中的意义：1)曾经;以前(用于疑问句)2)无论什么时候都(不)(用于否定句)3)曾经(用于if 从句)4)到底;究竟(用于特殊疑问句)5)永远;老是(用于肯定句)5.Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English.even if=even though“即使”,用来引导一个让步状语从句,后面既可以用陈述语气,也可用虚拟语气,但是even if/though 引导的从句不用将来时。如:Even if it rains
32、tomorrow,we will leave for Beijing.用if,as if,even if 填空。(1)_ I had money,I wouldnt buy it.(2)_ I had money,I would buy it.(3)It looks _ it is going to rain.(even if 引导让步状语从句;if 引导条件状语从句;as if/though“似乎是”引导方式状语从句)Even if If as if注意:(1)even if(=even though):in spite of the fact;no matter whether 即使;尽管
33、是连词词组,用来引导让步状语从句;若主、从句皆表示将来情况,从句中可用一般现在时代替将来时。(2)even if 从句所说的不那么肯定。even though 从句是事实。e.g:Even if he is poor,she loves him.(=He may be poor,yet she loves him.)(Even)though he is poor,she loves him.(=He is poor,yet she loves him.)When talking to a friend over the telephone,you feel that you are close
34、 _ the actual distance is not shortened.A.but B.even if C.so D.becauseB A child came up to me and showed me the way to the station.The sun comes up in the east.New shoots of bamboo will come up from around the roots of the old ones.Your question came up at the e about 出现；发生e up 上来,走近;发芽;被提出;升起走近,上来升
35、起被提出come across 偶然遇到或找到come around 恢复;还原;改变某人的意见或立场come down 传承;按习惯通过或处理come out成为众所周知;发行或发表;结果;自己公开宣布come over 过来;偶然拜访come up with 宣布或发现The doctor came up with a cure for the disease.7.So why has English changed over time?那么,英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢？over 贯穿,经过(一段时间)e.g.经过这些年,他变得更有耐心。Over the years,he has b
36、ecome more patient.周末她会来杭州。She will come to Hangzhou over the weekend.圣诞节时你在家吗？Will you stay at home over Christmas?over 超过(=more than),再三(again)over 2 minutes over and over8.It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础的,而现代英语不是。1)base v.意为“以为根据,把基础设在”,常构成短语base s
37、th.on/upon sth。如：This novel is based on fact.这部小说是以事实为根据的。The paper had intended to base itself in London.This film is based on a novel by D.H.Lawrence.拓展base还可用作名词,意为“底部,基地,基础”等。如:There is a door at the base of the tower.How many military bases are they maintaining on foreign soil?Many languages ha
38、ve Latin as their base.掌握base构成的两个短语：be off base 完全错误,大错特错touch base(with)sb(跟某人)联系上,逗留2)morethan 是而不是;与其说不如说;中间接相同成分。He is more a friend than a teacher.He is more lazy than stupid.扩展:more than 不仅仅;多于;十分e.g.He is more than a teacher in our school.He made more than ten friends in this club.She is mor
39、e than beautiful.rather than 而不是;less than少于；other than 除之外3)present adj.当前的,现在的(作前置定语)Did you see the present national leaders?Can you tell us something about the present situation?出席的,在场的(作表语或后置定语)Our teacher was present at the meeting.All the people present agree to my plan.n.目前,现在;礼物I cant spare
40、 time because I am busy at present.What present did you receive from your parents?at present:now;at this time/moment Shes busy at present and cant speak to you.她现在很忙,不能跟你谈话。At present he is a professor of mathematics at Cambridge.目前他是剑桥大学的数学教授。vt.赠与，给，提出present sb.with sth.或present sth.to sb.把交给,颁发,
41、授予 如:Mother presented a gift to me just now.On his birthday,his friends presented him with a series of readers/presented a series of readers to him.(送给他一套读者)9.Shakespeare made use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.莎士比亚使用了比以往任何时候更为广泛的词汇量。make use of 利用,使用make good/full use of 充分使用make no use of
42、sth.没有利用We could make good use of our resources.我们应该充分利用好我们的资源。Every minute should be made gooduse of.每一分钟都应该很好地利用。She makes use of people she meets as heroes for her novel.We should make good use of time to study.拓展make构成的常见短语:make of、make from 通常用于被动语态,构成be made of、be made from 都表示“由制成”。其中be made
43、of 表示在产品中能够看出原材料;be made from 表示在产品中看不出原材料。make up编写,编造；和解make up of由组成/构成；make up for 弥补,补偿make out理解,弄懂;看清,(勉强)辨认出;假装,装成make into制成make it成功,办成;及时赶到10.the number of/a number ofthe number of“的数目”,接可数名词复数,其后谓语动词用单数。The number of undergraduates has increased over the years.a number of 许多,大量(后接复数名词),其
44、后谓语动词用复数。(a great number of/a large number of/a small number of)A number of teachers agree with me.The number of people invited _fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A.were;was B.was;wasC.was;were D.were;wereC注意:只能修饰可数名词的a large/great/good number of,a good/great many,dozens of,s
45、cores of,quite a few 只能修饰不可数名词的：a great deal of,a large amount of,quite a little,a large sum of 既可修饰可数也可修饰不可数名词的：plenty of,a lot of,lots of,a large quantity of11.such as&for examplesuch as 用来列举事物时,一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子且所列举事物的数量不能等于它前面所提到的总和,一旦相等,要用that is 或namely.I have three good friends,such as John,Ja
46、ck and Tom.He can speak four languages,such asEnglish and French.for example:用来举例说明某一论点或情况，一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，可位于句首，句中或句尾，通常与所给的例子用逗号隔开，其后的例子可以是从句。Ball games,for example,have spread around the world.There are many kinds of pollution(污染)Noise,for example,is a kind of pollution.用such as,for exampl
47、e,namely填空(1)Students,_ Tom and Mary,should be learnt from.(2)Wear something simple,_,a skirt and blouse.(3)He knows six languages,_ Chinese,French,English,Spanish,Russian and Portuguese.such asfor examplenamely12.Only time can tell.惟有时间将能证明。tell vi.显示出;发生影响;起作用;判断tell A from B:区分,分别Can you tell Tom
48、 from his twin brother?13.frequently adv.经常地,频繁地e.g.He was frequently drunk.Stores of grain are frequently attacked by pests.frequently的形容词是frequent,意为 “经常的,频繁的”。如：He is a frequent visitor to our house.Her headaches are becoming less frequent.Frequent 还可用作动词,意为“常到,常去”。如：The bar was frequented by actors from the nearby theatre.These woods are frequented by all kinds of birds.Homework 1.Memorizethenewwords.2.Retell the passage.3.Finish exercises in Learning about language.
