1、Period TwoWord power & Grammar and usagePart Language Focus.单词自测1former adj.以前的form n表格；v.形成2graduate vi.毕业；n.毕业生graduation n毕业3fluent adj.流利的fluently adv.流利地4donate vt.捐赠donation n捐赠5kindness n善意kind adj.好心的6independent adj.独立的independence n独立.短语默写1go straight on一直往前走2graduate from university大学毕业3d
2、evelop an interest in培养了做的兴趣4donate.to.把捐赠给5make a speech作演讲6at the end of在结束时，在末端7make use of利用8for one thing.for another thing.一方面，另一方面1expect v预料，期望语境感悟(1)(教材P7)CMHS has much more than you expect.曼彻斯特中心中学有比你期盼的更多的东西。(2)We are expecting a rise in food prices this month. 我们预计这个月食物价格会上涨。归纳拓展expect后面
3、可接名词、代词或不定式作宾语expect sb to do sth指望某人做某事易混辨析 expect，hope，look forward to (1)expect表示预料某事将会发生；确信某事必会发生，为某人必会到来而等待着，多用于好的事物，但有时也用于坏的事物。(2)hope意为“希望”。表示希望某事发生用hope，而不用expect。(3)look forward to意为“期望，盼望”，表示以特别愉快的心情期待着，其中to是介词。即时跟踪(1)我们期望作家们写出更多、更好的作品。We expect writers to produce more and better works.(2)
4、我盼望着你的来访。 I am looking forward to your visit.(3)According to the art dealer, the painting _ to reach 10 million dollars if its put on the market.Awas expectedBhas expectedCis expectedDwill expect答案C解析句意：据经销商讲，这幅画若投入市场有望值一千万美元。the painting与expect是被动关系，即sth be expected to do结构。故选C。2graduate vi.毕业n毕业生；
5、大学毕业生语境感悟(1)(教材P9)After graduating from university，he went to China to study Chinese at Beijing Language and Culture University.大学毕业后，他去中国北京语言文化大学学习汉语。(2)Hes a high school/college graduate.他是高中/大学毕业生。(3)Its lucky for her to seek such a good job after graduation.真幸运，她一毕业就找到这么好的工作。归纳拓展graduate 即时跟踪(1)
6、我们的班主任1968年毕业于清华大学。Our headmaster graduated from Tsinghua University in 1968.(2)他是哈佛大学毕业生。He is a graduate of Harvard.(3)By the time Jack returned home from England, his son _ from college. Agraduated Bhas graduated Chad been graduating Dhad graduated答案D解析句意：到杰克从英国回家的时候，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。return所表示的动作发生在过去
7、，graduate所表示的动作发生在他回家之前，是“过去的过去”，所以用过去完成时态。3develop vi.& vt.养成，培养；发展，生长；开发；冲洗(胶卷)；患(病)；出现(问题)语境感悟(1)(教材P9)In China he developed an interest in teaching English to Chinese students. 在中国，他对教中国学生学英语产生了兴趣。(2)She died two years after first developing the illness.她患这种病两年后便去世了。(3)Id like to have these film
8、s developed here.我想在这儿冲洗胶卷。(4)He has developed the habit of making notes while reading.他养成了读书时记笔记的习惯。归纳拓展(1)develop the habit of doing sth养成做某事的习惯(2)developing adj.发展中的developed adj.发达的developing countries发展中国家developed countries发达国家(3)with the development of.随着的发展即时跟踪(1)植物由种子发育而成。Plants develop fro
9、m seeds. (2)One of the best ways for people to keep fit is to _ healthy eating habits.AdevelopBgrowCincreaseDraise答案A解析句意：人们保持健康的最佳途径之一就是培养健康的饮食习惯。所填动词与habit构成搭配，意为“养成习惯”，只有develop有此用法。grow生长，变得；increase增加；raise提高。4donate v捐献，捐赠语境感悟(1)(教材P9)He donated most of them to our school library.他把大多数(书、字典、油画
10、和照片)都捐给了我们的校图书馆。(2)Local people lined up to donate blood for the brave girl.当地群众排队给这位勇敢的姑娘献血。(3)He made a donation of his books to the poor children.他把书捐给了贫困的孩子们。归纳拓展(1)donate sth to.把某物捐献给(2)donation n捐赠物；捐赠，赠送make a donation/donations捐赠即时跟踪(1)他把所有的钱都捐赠给了那些需要帮助的人。He donated all his money to those w
11、ho needed help.(2)At the news，many people all over the world _ their money to those tsunamihit(被海啸袭击的) areas.AgaveBofferedCdonatedDlent答案C解析句意：一听到这一消息，世界各地的许多人纷纷把钱捐赠给那些被海啸袭击的地区。四个选项均可以与介词to搭配，但give表示“给予”；offer表示“主动给予”；donate表示“捐献，捐赠”；lend表示“借”。由语境知应选C。5independent adj.独立的，自主的语境感悟(1)(教材P11)The rest o
12、f the time which they spend at school is used for independent study.他们在校的其他时间用于自学。(2)The job will make him independent of his parents.有了那份工作，他就不必依赖父母了。(3)Guinea declares itself independence from France.几内亚宣布脱离法国独立。归纳拓展(1)be independent of sb/sth与某人/某事无关；不受某人/某事影响；不依赖于某人/某事independence from.从独立(2)ind
13、ependence n独立；自主independently adv.独立地，自由地即时跟踪(1)你是否成功与你的外貌无关。Whether you can succeed is independent of your look.(2)One should accomplish tasks_ instead of always turning to others for help.AactivelyBindependentlyCskillfullyDvoluntarily答案B解析由空后面“不要总是向他人求助”可知空处应填independently“独立地”，指独立地完成任务。1more than
14、超过，多于语境感悟(1)(教材P7)CMHS has much more than you expect.曼彻斯特中心中学有比你期盼的更多的东西。(2)He is more than our teacher；he is our friend as well.他不仅仅是我们的老师，还是我们的朋友。(3)He is more diligent than clever.与其说他聪明，倒不如说他勤奋。(4)The meeting lasted no more than an hour.会议只开了一个小时。(5)He is no more clever than Tom.他并不比Tom聪明(他与Tom一
15、样不聪明)。归纳拓展more than在本句中是“超过；多于”的意思，相当于overmore than.表示“不仅仅”more.than与其说不如说no more than数词仅仅，只是，只no more.than.和一样不not more.than.没有那样即时跟踪(1)教室里仅仅有15个学生。There are no more than 15 students in the classroom.(2)When the teacher told the boys father what he did at school，the father was _ angry.Aother than B
16、more thanCless thanDrather than答案B解析句意：当老师告诉了那孩子的爸爸他在校的所作所为时，他爸爸非常生气。other than除了；more than不仅，非常；less than少于；rather than而不是。根据题意应选B。2make sure确保，保证；搞清楚，弄明白语境感悟(1)(教材P7)We make sure that we take good care of every student.我们保证好好照顾每一位学生。(2)Have you made sure of the time of the train?火车的开车时间你搞清楚了么？(3)S
17、he is not sure of his answering her letter.她不确定他是否会回信给他。归纳拓展(1)make sure确保，保证，后常跟that从句或of短语(2)sb be sure of/about sth/thatclause某人对确信/有把握sb be sure to do sth某人肯定要做某事 即时跟踪(1)这位新人坚信他的观点。This green hand is sure of his point.(2)_ you turn off all the lights when you leave the classroom.ATo make sureBMa
18、ke sureCMaking sureDBeing sure答案B解析句意：当你离开教室时，要确保你关上了所有的灯。本句是一个主从复合句，make sure you turn off all the lights是祈使句形式的主句，when引导的是时间状语从句。3make good use of好好利用语境感悟(1)(教材P11)With so much free time, students who do not make good use of their time may not pass their exams.学生们有如此多的空闲时间，如果不好好利用的话，就可能无法通过考试。(2)Y
19、oud better make use of every minute to practise your spoken English.你最好利用好每一分钟来练习你的英语口语。 归纳拓展make use of利用make better use of更好地利用make the best ofmake the most ofmake full use of充分利用即时跟踪(1)如果你想把英语说得流利的话，你必须利用每一个机会来练习它。If you want to speak English fluently, you must make use of every chance to practis
20、e it.(2)It will be more than two years before we take the college entrance examination.I dont think so，we must _ every hour in order to go to a famous university.Amake most ofBmake best ofCmake good use ofDmake best use of答案C解析句意：“还有两年多我们就要参加高考了。”“我不这样认为，为了考进名牌大学，我们一定要充分利用每一个小时。”make good use ofmake
21、 the best ofmake the most of充分利用。故选C。1whether.or.引导让步状语从句语境感悟(1)(教材P7)Whether students want to exercise or just want some fun, they can use our gym.不管学生们想要锻炼或者仅仅是娱乐，他们都可以使用我们的体育馆。(2)I still dont know whether or not hes planning to come. 我仍然不知道他是否打算来。 (3)Whether you like it or not, youll have to chan
22、ge your lifestyle.不管你喜不喜欢，你必须改变你的生活方式。归纳拓展(1)whether.or.不管还是，引导让步状语从句，强调任意选择，此时不能把whether换成if(2)whether conj.是否，常引导名词性从句易混辨析 whether，if作“是否”讲时，两者可以互换。但句中有or not，或者引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词的宾语从句以及放在不定式之前并与不定式组成短语时，只能用whether。即时跟踪(1)是否开会还没确定。Whether a meeting will be held or not has not been decided.(2)All
23、 people， they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster. Aeven if Bwhether Cno matterDhowever答案B解析句意：所有的人，不论他们是年老还是年轻、富裕还是贫穷，都在尽力帮助那些灾难后需要帮助的人。whether.or.无论是还是，在此引导让步状语从句。2upondoing.语境感悟(1)(教材P9)Upon finishing his studies, he started travell
24、ing in China.他一完成学业，便开始周游中国。(2)On his arrival in Beijing, he called back home.他一到北京就给家里打电话。(3)She burst into laughter on reading the letter from her sister.她一看到她妹妹的来信就笑起来了。(4)The baby stopped crying the moment she was given milk.一给奶喝那个婴儿就不哭了。归纳拓展(1)教材原句中的Upon finishing his studies作时间状语，相当于一个as soon
25、as引导的时间状语从句on或upon后也可接名词，意义和on/upon doing一样，都表示“一就”(2)“一就”的其他表达法：the moment/minute/instant从句immediately/instantly/directly从句no sooner.than.，(no sooner放句首时，前面的主句要倒装，即把had提到主语前)hardly/scarcely.when.，hardly/scarcely放句首时前面的主句要倒装即时跟踪(1)他一到家就打开了电视。On arriving home, he turned on the television.(2) arriving
26、 at home，he found that his daughter was sitting on the floor _.AThrough；crossed her legsBFrom；with her legs crossingCUpon；with her legs crossedDIn；with her legs to be crossed答案C解析句意：他一到家，发现女儿双腿交叉坐在地上。on/upon doing 一就；with her legs crossed双腿交叉，cross与her legs构成逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语。故选C。.单词拼写1Every day
27、some kind people donate(捐赠) blood to the nation.2The country became independent(独立的) in the sixties.3I dont have any extra(额外的) time.I have been quite busy these days.4Weve all had a splendid(非常好的) time.5He had the kindness(善意) to help me with the baggage.选词填空1I was no more nervous than I had expect
28、ed.2Every chance should be made use of to educate students to protect the environment.3They used to donate much money to the Red Cross every year.4Go straight on until you come to a bus stop.5Make sure you read all the small print before signing.完成句子1She doesnt even know whether her son is dead or a
29、live(她儿子是死是活). 2Upon/On getting off the train(一下火车)，She saw her parents waiting for her with smiles.3Finding a job(找工作) is difficult these days.4The trees which/that are behind the office building(办公楼后面的) have lost their leaves.5He is more lazy than stupid(与其说他愚蠢不如说他懒).单项填空1She looked up his number
30、in the phone book to _ that she had got it right.Amake up her mindBmake sureCmake a decisionDmake out答案B解析make up ones mind下定决心；make sure确信，明确；make a decision作出决定；make out列出(清单)，认出。B项符合语境。2_ hearing the news，all of us jumped with joy.AAtBForCOnDBefore答案C解析on/uponv.ing表示“一就”，在句中作时间状语。3Now he is 20 an
31、d decides to be independent _ his family.Ain Bof Con Dwith答案B解析句意：现在他20岁了，决定从他的家庭独立出来。be independent of独立于。故选B。4She _ an interest in collecting stamps from childhood.AleftBearnedCdevelopedDloaded答案C解析develop an interest表示“培养兴趣”，符合句意。5If your father knows that you cheated in the exam, he will be _ a
32、little angry.Aless thanBmore thanCother thanDrather than答案B解析句意：如果你父亲知道你考试作弊，他不仅仅会是有点生气。less than少于；more than多于，不仅仅；other than除了；rather than而不是。故选B。Part Grammar关系代词引导的定语从句一、定语从句的定义在句子中起定语作用，修饰句中的某一名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，可以是人、物或者全句。连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词，定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词来引导。关系代词：who，whom，whose，wh
33、ich，that，as等。关系副词：when，where，why等。关系代词和关系副词在从句中充当一个成分。This is the book that my father bought me yesterday.这就是我父亲昨天给我买的那本书。(句中修饰the book的that my father bought me yesterday就是定语从句；被定语从句所修饰的the book就是先行词；关系代词that就是对先行词the book的重复，在定语从句中作bought的直接宾语。)The time when he arrives is unknown.他到达的时间还不知道。(句中when
34、 he arrives是定语从句；被定语从句修饰的the time是先行词，关系副词when在从句中作时间状语。)关系代词作用说明who指人，作主语或宾语作宾语时可以省略whom指人，作宾语可省略which指物，作主语或宾语作宾语时可以省略that指人/物，作主语或宾语或表语作主语时不可以省略whose指人/物，作定语不可以省略二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1指人的关系代词who，whom，whose，that的用法(1)作主语(who，th
35、at)。The boys who are playing football are from Class One.正在踢足球的男孩子们是一班的。Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.昨天我帮助了一个迷路的老人。The man who/that is talking with Mr.Wang is a famous doctor.正在和王先生说话的那个人是一位有名的医生。(2)作宾语包括作介词宾语(whom，that)。此种情况下的关系代词可以省略。Mr.Liu is the person (whom) you talked about o
36、n the bus.刘先生就是你在公共汽车上谈到的那个人。Is he the doctor (whom/that) you are looking for?他是你在找的那位医生吗？(3)作定语(whose)。The girl whose English is very good won the first place in the 100metre race.那个英语很棒的女孩在100米赛跑中得了第一名。2指物的关系代词which，whose和that的用法that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物，它们在从句中作主语或宾语；whose一般指人，但有时也指物，在从句中作定语。which
37、和that在从句中作宾语时常可省略。(1)作主语。The money that/which is in the wallet is mine.这个钱包里的钱是我的。(2)作宾语。This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.这是他昨天购买的钢笔。The chair (which/that) you broke yesterday is now being repaired.你昨天弄坏的那把椅子现在正在修理。(3)作定语(whose)。The house whose roof needs repairing is only three years old
38、.(whose roofof which the roof/the roof of which)那个屋顶需要修理的房子才建了三年。3只用that，不用which的情况(1)当先行词为all，anything，everything，nothing，much，little，few，none，the one等不定代词或被any，no，the only，the very(恰好的)，little，few等词修饰时，只能用that。There are few books that you can read in this bookstore.这家书店几乎没有什么你可以看的书。He is the only
39、person that understands me.他是唯一理解我的人。This is the very question that came up at the meeting.这正是开会时出现的问题。Is there anything that you want to tell me?你有什么事情要告诉我的吗？All that should be done has been done.该做的一切都做了。Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li has said?你记下李先生所说的一切了吗？(2)当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修
40、饰时。This is the best film that has been shown this year.这是今年放映的最好的一部电影。(3)当先行词既有人又有物时。Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？(4)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。Which is the dress that fits me most?哪件裙子最适合我啊？(5)当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。She is the last student that leaves classr
41、oom.她是最后一个离开教室的学生。.用适当的关系词填空1This is the professor who/that taught me chemistry in 1980.2They work in a factory that/which makes radio parts.3This is the boy whose father died three years ago.4The film that/which we saw the day before yesterday was very interesting.5Do you know the student who/that
42、was praised at the meeting?.完成句子1你昨天遇到的那个人是我的一个朋友。The man whom/who you met yesterday is a friend of mine.2王小姐正在照顾一个父母去北京的小孩。Miss Wang is taking care of a child whose parents have gone to Beijing.3他昨天用的是哪本词典？Which is the dictionary that he used yesterday?4那是他将永远不会忘记的日子。That is the day which/that he w
43、ill never forget.5我们对你们正在谈论的医生和医院一无所知。We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about.单项填空1The exact year _ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.(2014安徽，22)AwhenBwhereCwhyDwhich答案D解析先行词是the exact year，定语从句中的动词spent是及物动词，后面缺少宾语所以选D。2Among the many dang
44、ers _ sailors have to face，probably the greatest of all is fog.(2014江西，28)AwhichBwhatCwhereDwhen答案A解析句意：在这些水手们必须面对的众多危险中，也许最大的危险是雾。在定语从句中关系代词which指代先行词the many dangers并在句中作动词face的宾语，可以省略。C、D两项都是关系副词，在定语从句中通常只作状语，不能作宾语；what不是定语从句的引导词。3A company _ profits from home markets are declining may seek oppor
45、tunities abroad.(2014山东，10)AwhichBwhoseCwhoDwhy答案B解析句意：国内市场利润萎缩的公司可能会去国外市场寻求机会。空格后名词profits和先行词company形成所属关系，故选择whose。 4Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position.(2014陕西，13)Athat Bwhich Cas Dwhat答案A解析先行词是information，指物，关系词在从句中作及物动词have的宾语，且先行词有不定代词all修饰，故关系词只
46、能用that。5Well reach the sales targets in a month _ we set at the beginning of the year.(2014重庆，9)AwhichBwhereCwhenDwhat答案A解析句意：我们将在一个月内完成年初制订的销售目标。which指代the sales targets，在从句中充当set的宾语，排除B、C两项；D项只能引导名词性从句，而本题是一个定语从句，故选A。6An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area _ interact w
47、ith one another.(2013上海，38)AthatBwhereCwhoDwhat 答案A解析句意：生态系统是由一个区域里相互作用的生物和非生物构成的。分析句子结构，interact with one another是定语从句，先行词是the living and nonliving things，通过还原法可知，先行词在从句中作主语，不是指人，所以用that。务必记住：what不可引导定语从句。7Finally he reached a lonely island_was completely cut off from the outside world.(2013山东，35)A
48、whenBwhereCwhichDwhom答案C解析根据句子结构分析，空格处及后面为定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以答案只能选C。8The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.(2013福建，27)AwhoseBthatCwhoDwhich答案A解析句意：这本书透过生活受到地震影响的人们的视角讲述地震的故事。本题的先行词是those表示人，定语从句的主语是lives，与先行词构成所属关系，应使用关系代词whose引导。9Happiness and success
49、often come to those_are good at recognizing their own strengths.(2013湖南，21)AwhomBwhoCwhatDwhich答案B解析句意：快乐和成功总是会眷顾那些善于认清自己的优点和特长的人。分析句子成分后可知，“_are good at recognizing their own strengths”是定语从句修饰先行词those，从句中缺少主语，所以用who引导。故选B。 10Sailing across the ocean alone was an achievement _ took courage.(2012上海春招，36)Awhat Bwho Cwhich Dwhere答案C解析先行词在定语从句中作主语，不是指人，故选which。
