1、【题型总览】试卷年份体裁考查类型命题趋势动词(短语)名词(短语)形容词(短语)副词介词(短语)全国卷2020记叙文683211.选材特点:以记叙文、夹叙夹议文为主,选材内容生活化,有明显的教育意义,体现人文底蕴、健康生活等核心话题。短文一般在250词左右,注重原汁原味。2.设题特点:以考查实词为主,动词和名词的考查占绝对位置。近几年增加了对名词的考查,减少了对副词的考查,高考更加注重对文章内容的理解和把握。2019夹叙夹议文87412018记叙文9821全国卷2020记叙文114322019记叙文953212018记叙文93521全国卷2020记叙文836122019夹叙夹议文94522018
2、记叙文1064命题分析完形填空的设题方式大致可分为语篇层次、句间层次及句内层次三种题型。在难易程度上,句内层次题和句间层次题较容易,考生只需要结合语境理解空格所在句或相邻的几句就可以确定答案,且句内层次、句间层次题考查最多,能保障考生取得基本分数。但高考是选拔性的考试,每篇完形填空总会有那么几个比较难的语篇层次题成为考生取得高分的拦路虎。二轮复习在确保句内层次题和句间层次题全做对的前提下,要全力争取语篇层次题多得分。句间层次题:是指空格的答案由与空格相距不远的一组句子决定。句内层次题:是指空格的答案由空格所在句子决定。语篇层次题:是指空格的答案由整篇文章的内涵决定。【解题流程】第一条:初读文章
3、抓要点初读文章只需要明白大意(who,when,where,what),总体把握文章内容、结构、时态变化、情节发展、结果。不必过于求细求全。第二条:重视首句巧预判完形填空首句不设空给考生留下了认真审读的空间。通过首句,要达到:1.预判文章的体裁;2.知晓文章的题材。如:2019年全国卷完形填空的首句:Its about 250 miles from the hills of westcentral Iowa to Ehlers home in Minnesota.During the long trip home,following a weekend of hunting.根据首句交代的时间
4、(During the long trip home、following a weekend of hunting)、地点(about 250 miles from the hills of westcentral Iowa to Ehlers home in Minnesota)、人物(Ehlers)可知,本文体裁是一篇记叙文,题材与周末打猎有关。第三条:分段阅读脉络现每篇完形填空都有一个明确的主题,每个段落都是围绕着该主题展开的。每段之所以成为一个段落在于除了服务共同的主题之外,还有相对独立的大意。发现这些大意的最好途径就是仔细阅读该段的首、尾句。通过阅读各个段落的首尾句,基本就可以找到文
5、章的发展脉络和结构。如:2019年全国卷完形填空:第一段尾句:He had _43_ to coax(哄)the dog to him but,frightened,it had _44_第二段首句:Back home,Ehlers was troubled by that _45_ dog.So,four days later,he called his friend Greg,and the two drove.第二段尾句:It just started licking(舔)Ehlers face.第三段首句:A local farmer told them the dog sounded
6、 like one _50_ as lost in the local paper.第三段尾句:Ehlers _52_ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had _53_ their dog.第四段首句:Jeff had _54_ in Iowa before Thanksgiving with his dog,Rosie,but the gun shots had scared the dog off.第五段首句:Ehlers returned to Minnesota,and then drove 100 miles to Minnea
7、polis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan.第六段首句:“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as _59_ to it as I am to my dogs,” says Ehlers.根据以上各段的首句、尾句,我们就可以基本判断出故事的主题为:Ehlers在旅行的返程中发现了一只走丢的小狗(Rosie)。回到家后,Ehlers依然担心这只小狗,于是与他的朋友(Greg)一起返回去寻找,并最终把小狗还给了狗的主人(Jeff and Lisa)。第四条:关注升华不跑偏记叙文或夹叙夹议文完形填
8、空通常在文尾进行简单的升华,说明故事所包含的哲理或总结作者自己的观点。阅读此类文章时,要重点关注议论部分,从而总结出文章的主旨。授课提示:对应学生用书第25页(2020高考全国卷)Since our twins began learning to walk,my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window.The _41_ is obvious.If we _42_ it is a door,theyll want to go outside _43_It will drive u
9、s crazy.The kids apparently know the _44_But our insisting its _45_ a window has kept them from _46_ millions of requests to open the door.I hate lying to the kids.One day theyll _47_ and discover that everything theyve always known about windows is a _48_I wonder if _49_ should always tell the trut
10、h no matter the _50_I have a very strong _51_ that the lie were telling is doing _52_ damage to our children.Windows and doors have _53_ metaphorical(比喻)meanings.Im telling them they cant open what they absolutely know is a door.What if later in _54_ they come to a metaphorical door,like an opportun
11、ity(机会)of some sort,and _55_ opening the door and taking the opportunity,they just _56_ it and wonder,“What if it isnt a door?” That is,“What if it isnt a _57_ opportunity?”Maybe its an unreasonable fear.But the _58_ is that I shouldnt lie to my kids.I should just _59_ repeatedly having to say,“No.W
12、e cant go outside now.” Then when they come to other doors in life,be they real or metaphorical,they wont _60_ to open them and walk through.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。在生活中,父母可以向孩子撒谎吗?如果父母对孩子撒谎,有可能会对孩子造成精神上的伤害。41A.reliefBtargetCreason Dcase解析:结合上下文可知,作者夫妇告诉孩子们那扇滑动玻璃门只是一扇窗户,而对孩子们撒谎的原因是想要阻止他们出去,这个“原因”是显而易见的。故选C。答案:
13、C42A.admit BbelieveCmean Drealize解析:根据上文“我和妻子一直把滑动玻璃门说成是窗户”,再结合下文“不想让孩子出去”可知,此处意为“如果我们承认它是门”。故选A。答案:A43A.gradually BconstantlyCtemporarily Dcasually解析:根据常识可知,孩子们会不断地从门里走到外面去。constantly 不断地。故选B。答案:B44A.result BdangerCmethod Dtruth解析:根据下文“我们坚持说它是窗户”可知,此处意为“孩子们显然是知道了真相”。故选D。答案:D45A.merely BslightlyChar
14、dly Dpartly解析:根据下文“我讨厌对孩子们说谎”,可知作者并不是认真的,所以只能说“它仅仅是一扇窗户而已”。故选A。答案:A46A.reviewing BapprovingCreceiving Dattempting解析:孩子们知道了它是一道门时,就会尝试着请求到外面去。孩子们在是否能到外面去这个问题上还是尝试着向父母做出请求,这符合常理。故选D。答案:D47A.win out Bgive upCwake up Dstand out解析:随着孩子们长大,终有一天他们会发现他们一直知道的窗户是个谎言,也就是说他们觉醒了。故选C。答案:C48A.dream BlieCfantasy Df
15、act解析:词汇复现题。根据上文“我讨厌对孩子们说谎”,可知此处指孩子们发现“门是窗户”这个谎言。故选B。答案:B49A.parents BtwinsCcolleagues Dteachers解析:根据第一段可知,文章写的是作者和妻子是怎样教育孩子的。故此处指的是父母。故选A。答案:A50A.restrictions BexplanationsCdifferences Dconsequences解析:根据常识可知,父母无论是一直说谎还是一直讲真话,都会产生后果。故可判断句意为“我不知道父母是否应该一直不计后果地讲真话”。故选D。答案:D51A.demand BfearCdesire Ddoub
16、t解析:词汇复现题。根据下文“Maybe its an unreasonable fear.”可知,此处意为“我有一种很强烈的担忧”。故选B。答案:B52A.physical BbiologicalCspiritual Dbehavioral解析:根据常识可知,说谎可能会对孩子造成精神上的伤害。故选C。答案:C53A.traditional BimportantCdouble Doriginal解析:本段中,作者将“机会”比喻为“门 ”,而生活中的机会对于每个人来说都是“重要的”,因此,在生活中,门和窗户有着“重要的”比喻意义。故选B。答案:B54A.life BtimeCreply Dhis
17、tory解析:词汇复现题。根据下文“Then when they come to other doors in life”可知,此处意为“要是他们在以后的生活中遇到一个具有比喻意义的门”。故选A。答案:A55A.by comparison with Bin addition toCregardless of Dinstead of解析:根据下文wonder可推知他们在遇到可能是机会的门时会感到疑惑,所以此处是说他们不敢打开门。instead of 而不是。故选D。答案:D56A.get hold of Bstare atCknock on Dmake use of解析:根据上文“而不是打开门”
18、和下文的wonder(疑惑)可知,此处应为“凝视”。故选B。答案:B57A.real BtypicalCsimilar Dlimited解析:根据上文的“What if it isnt a door?”这一问句可知,孩子们可能怀疑它不是一个真实的机会。故选A。答案:A58A.safety rule Bcomfort zoneCbottom line Dtop secret解析:综合全文来看,作者认为父母应该教育孩子何时打开生活中的隐喻之“门”,而不应该对孩子说谎。说谎与否是衡量人是否诚实的尺度,这应该是做人的底线,而不是安全问题。故选C。答案:C59A.delay BregretCenjoy
19、Daccept解析:根据下一句可知,作者会告诉孩子那是一扇门,但是现在还不能出去,由此可知,作者认为自己应该“接受”告知孩子们“门”的真相,尽管这意味着会不断拒绝孩子们出去的要求。故选D。答案:D60A.hurry BdecideChesitate Dintend解析:当父母不再向孩子们撒谎,那么当孩子们看到“门”的时候也不会怀疑,他们会没有“顾虑”地打开门,走过去。这与第三段中的 56.stare_at it and wonder 形成对比,此处要表达“没有疑虑或顾虑”的意思。故选C。答案:C易错误区第60题考生易误选A。因为考生会根据上文提到的作者告诉孩子们“现在不要出去”,而联想到孩子可
20、能会在遇到生活中的比喻之“门”时而犹豫不决,也就是不会匆忙去打开“门”。这样错选的原因,可能是考生不理解“be they real or metaphorical”这句话的意思而导致的。该短句意为“无论它们是真实的还是比喻意义上的”。可见,扎实的语言基本功在阅读理解中有多么重要。第一节词汇篇授课提示:对应学生用书第26页近几年高考完形填空对考生在语篇中准确理解和灵活运用词汇的能力的考查尤为突出,主要涉及名词、动词(短语)、形容词和副词的词义理解、一词多义的积累、熟词生义的判断以及近义/形近词用法的辨析。没有掌握好基础词汇的词义是造成失分的主要原因之一,而词汇活用掌握不牢则成为拿高分的障碍。考生
21、要想得高分,就要做到“考纲(课标)词汇熟于心,重难词汇巧应用”。预计未来高考完形填空仍将主要考查考生在理解语篇、整体把握文义的基础上,通过上下文的联系对词义进行区别、归纳,从而推断出答案的能力。对词汇的考查仍将以实词为主,且突出语境化的特点。在备考过程中,考生应注意夯实基础词汇知识,增加词汇储备量,尤其要注意考纲(课标)词汇中的多义词、考纲(课标)词汇的派生词等,同时提高语言运用能力。层次一词义理解一、动词及短语动词和动词短语是语言表达的灵魂,也是备考的难点,更是每年高考考生容易失分的地方。做这类题时,考生要掌握各个动词的精准含义,还要结合语境和逻辑进行辨别区分。近几年的高考试题更突出了“语境
22、优先,重在运用”的命题导向,考生在备考时要特别关注语境理解。(2020高考全国卷) It was just after sunrise on a June morning.“Nicolo,” whose real name cannot be _41_ to the public because of Italys privacy laws,_42_ working the whole night at a factory in Turin.As he often did,he stopped by the “after work auction(拍卖)” _43_ by the Italia
23、n police where things _44_ on the trains were sold to the highest bidder.41A.attachedBallocatedCexposed Dsubmitted解析:此处表示“因为意大利的隐私法,他的真实名字不能被透露给公众”。be attached to附属于,依恋;be allocated to被分配给;be exposed to被透露给,接触;be submitted to被提交给。答案:C42A.finished BdelayedCconsidered Dtried解析:根据空后面的working the whole
24、night以及after work auction可知,Nicolo结束了一整夜的工作。delay(使)耽搁,延期,推迟;consider仔细考虑,认为;try试图,尝试。答案:A43A.attended BreservedCcancelled Drun解析:此处指像往常一样,他在after work auction旁边停下来,after work auction是由意大利警方举办的。attend参加,照顾;reserve保留,预订;cancel取消;run经营,管理,跑。答案:D44A.shown BfoundCkept Dhidden解析:此处指在after work auction上,警
25、察把在火车上发现(found)的一些东西卖给出价最高的人。show展示;keep保留;hide隐藏。答案:B二、名词高考对名词的考查主要分两类:一是考查语境和词的匹配,此时所给选项的词形和词义往往不同,需要考生根据上下文或提示确定答案;二是四个选项或其中几个选项的词形或含义相近,需要考生进行辨析。从近几年的高考题来看,第一类考查频率较高。(2020高考全国卷)As a businesswoman,I care deeply about my customers.But like anyone for whom you feel affection,_41_ can also drive you
26、 mad.Theyll come rushing in.41A.shopkeepers BcustomersCsalespersons Dreceptionists解析:前文作者说自己是一名商业女性,非常重视自己的顾客(customers),后文紧接一个but,说明这两者的关系并不是一直如前文所说,根据选项和后文也可以看出作者表达的是顾客和销售者之间的关系。shopkeeper店主;salesperson售货员;receptionist接待员。答案:B三、形容词和副词高考完形填空对形容词的考查一般更注重结合人物心理或情感的描写,有时也涉及对事物特征的渲染。形容词的加入支撑了情节的发展,所以考生
27、除了要掌握形容词的含义外,更重要的是要融入语境,沉浸到人物的情感世界,这样才能较为准确地把握、预测,提高答题准确率。一部分副词在形容词的基础上变化而来,高考完形填空除了对这类词进行考查外,也有对连接副词、频度副词、程度副词等的考查。所以,考生要注意各类相近副词的辨析,还要注意设空部分的语法作用:所考副词若修饰动词,要揣摩动词暗示的情感;若修饰形容词,要拿捏程度的深浅;若修饰整句话,要推敲句子的逻辑关系。这就要求考生在备考时注意积累,巩固形容词和副词的相关知识,才能在考场上厚积薄发。(2019高考全国卷)The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated
28、 between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to midMarch41.nearly six months out of the year.The 3,500 residents cannot all 56.enjoy the sunshine at the same time.57.However,the new light feels like more than enough for the towns_58_residents.58A.natureloving Bener
29、gysavingCweatherbeaten Dsunstarved解析:根据 “does not get direct sunlight from late September to midMarch”可知,小镇差不多半年没有阳光,由此可判断小镇的人们是急需阳光的。natureloving热爱自然的;energysaving节能的;weatherbeaten受日晒雨淋的;sunstarved急需阳光的。这四个选项都为合成词,属于生僻词,考生不熟悉词义的话容易误选。答案:D层次二词汇活用一、动词一词多义&熟词生义(2020高考全国卷) But like anyone for whom you
30、feel affection,41.customers can also drive you mad.此处的drive sb.mad意为“让某人发疯”。(2020高考全国卷)She had split up with her husband the week before,was living in a flat_52_,and since shed found it too much to cope with(应对),shed taken it out on_53_ people.52A.by chance Bby herselfCon purpose Don duty解析:split up
31、 with sb.和某人离婚了。句意:这位客人和她丈夫离婚了,自己独自住在公寓。by herself她自己。A.偶然地,C.故意地,D.上班,值班。答案:B53A.rude BsuchCother Dlonely解析:她发现自己有太多事情无法应付,就将这种愤怒发泄到身边其他人身上,选C。A.粗鲁的,B.这样的,D.孤独的,均排除。答案:C上述两题看似和动词没有关系,但如果不了解非空格处的split up with sb.将会直接影响52题的选择;53题前的take sth.out on sb.意为“拿某人出气”。此短语影响对文章细节的理解。 二、名词一词多义&熟词生义写出下面两个例子中画线词的
32、含义。For a moment after my father sat down at the keyboard,he simply stared down at his fingers.Has he forgotten the notes?I worried.音符The result is that we throw away useful possessions to make room for new ones.空间三、词性活用英语词汇除了词义灵活外,词性也需要随着语境的变化而发生一定的变化。He did an excellent job.I asked him to name his
33、fee.“No charge,Maam,” he said.画线词name此处转换为动词,意为“确定,说定”。He said without the job,he would 49.simply have too much time and would just do what I did back in 50.collegeHe said that if he 51.quit_the job,he would lose his _52_to work and succeed.52A.hear BchanceCdrive Dway解析:此处表示如果他辞职,就会失去工作和成功的干劲。drive在
34、此为名词,意为“冲劲,干劲”。熟义为:n. 驱车旅行,驱赶 v. 驾驶,开车,驱使。答案:C授课提示:对应学生用书第27页(2020洛阳高三第二次统考)On a December morning in 1951,Malone left his home in downtown St.Johns in Newfoundland,to buy some butter for his mother.When he_1_the corner onto Central Street,he saw_2_coming from one of its threestorey houses.A woman at
35、 its window_3_,“Save the children!Save the children!” Malone_4_toward the burning house,through the front door and up a flight of_5_,where he found a fiveyearold girl.“I grabbed(抓住)the child,” he said,“but she_6_No,no,my sister!Youve got to get my sister!” Malone_7_felt compelled(必须)to cross the hal
36、l and check the other bedroom.He reached under the bed and found the girls_8_,silent threeyearold_9_As the_10_intensified(增强),Malone carried the children safely out to the street and the waiting people.Then he_11_lefthe was late for_12_the butter for his mom!Over the years,Malone thought about the f
37、ire and the children he had_13_and wondered what had happened to the girls.Malone and his wife,Liz,spent four_14_in Ontario until last October,when they_15_to Newfoundland.The couple settled in Conception Bay South,30 kilometres from St.Johns,in a house_16_the sea.Shortly after they moved in,two of
38、their new neighbors_17_with a housewarming_18_frozen cod and salt fish.Malone and Liz invited Fowler and her husband in for a_19_,through which Malone and Fowler,who are both in their seventies,_20_a connection.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了Malone年轻的时候,在帮母亲买黄油的途中,从火灾中救了两个小女孩;后来,Malone搬到别的地方生活了。多年后,Malone又回到了曾经生活过
39、的地方,碰巧的是,自己的新邻居竟然是自己曾经从火灾中救的人。1A.madeBgotCturned Dcut解析:根据上文中的“left his home in downtown St.Johns”及该空后的“the corner onto Central Street”可推知,当时Malone正要转过街角到另一条街上。故选C。答案:C2A.fog BsmokeCsteam Dwater解析:根据第4空后的the burning house可知,Malone看到了烟从一栋三层住宅的一个房子里飘出来。故选B。答案:B3A.spoke BwhistledCwhispered Dyelled解析:根据
40、语境以及空后的“Save the children!Save the children!”可知,当时一位女士正在窗口大喊呼救。故选D。答案:D4A.raced BdroveCflowed Djogged解析:根据空后的“toward the burning house,through the front door and up a flight of_5_,where he found a fiveyearold girl”并结合语境可知,当时Malone应是迅速奔向着火的房子,穿过前门,然后上了一段楼梯,发现了一个五岁的女孩。A项意为“快速移动”,故选A。答案:A5A.roads Bstai
41、rsCstreams Dmountains解析:参见上题解析。答案:B6A.screamed BrelievedCcomplained Dinterrupted解析:根据空后的“No,no,my sister!”可知,当Malone要带那个五岁的女孩离开时,她尖叫起来,要Malone先去救她的妹妹。故选A。答案:A7A.temporarily BoriginallyCproperly Dsuddenly解析:根据空后的“felt compelled to cross the hall and check the other bedroom”可知,当听到那个女孩的话后,Malone突然觉得必须去
42、救另一个女孩。故选D。A项意为“暂时地,临时地”;B项意为“原来,起初”;C项意为“正确地,适当地”。答案:D8A.disappointed BexcitedCfrightened Dcalm解析:根据该句中的under the bed,silent threeyearold可知,那个五岁女孩的妹妹只有三岁,并且躲在床下,由此可知,她当时在火灾中应是害怕的。故选C。答案:C9A.sister BbabyCcousin Dneighbor解析:参见上题解析。答案:A10A.sense BflamesCrelationship Dabilities解析:当时是在火灾中,故此处应是随着火势的增强,M
43、alone把孩子们安全地救了出去。B项意为“火焰”,故选B。答案:B11A.sympathetically BselflesslyChurriedly Dregretfully解析:根据第一段第一句中的“to buy some butter for his mother”以及该空后的“he was late for_12_the butter for his mom”可知Malone本来要帮母亲买黄油,当把两个小女孩救出来之后,已经晚了,于是就匆忙地离开了。故选C。答案:C12A.lighting up Btaking upCholding up Dpicking up解析:参见上题解析。D项
44、意为“买到”。答案:D13A.met BrescuedCraised Drecalled解析:根据文章第一段的内容及该空前的thought about the fire可知,这些年来,Malone会想起他曾经从火灾中救出的那两个女孩。答案:B14A.years BstagesCdecades Dmonths解析:根据第20空前的both in their seventies和语境可知,Malone和他的妻子应是在Ontario生活了四十年。故选C。答案:C15A.returned BleftCimmigrated Dcontributed解析:根据空后的Newfoundland和第一段第一句中
45、的“his home in downtown St.Johns in Newfoundland”可知,多年后Malone和他的妻子回到了Newfoundland,并且在离St.Johns 30千米的Conception Bay South定居了,而且他们的房子俯视(overlooking)大海。故选A。答案:A16A.storing BobtainingCrefreshing Doverlooking解析:参见上题解析。答案:D17A.stopped by Bpassed byCstood by Dput by解析:根据第18空后的frozen cod and salt fish及第19空前的
46、“invited Fowler and her husband in”可知,在Malone和妻子搬进新家后不久,他们的两个新邻居带着冷冻鳕鱼和咸鱼作为乔迁聚会的礼物(gift),来拜访他们。故选A。A项意为“过去坐坐”;B项意为“通过,经过”;C项意为“袖手旁观,无动于衷”;D项意为“攒钱”。答案:A18A.party BpartCimage Dgift解析:参见上题解析。答案:D19A.ball BcheckCchat Dmatch解析:根据第17小题的解析及该句中的invited并结合语境可知,Malone和妻子邀请邻居来家里聊天。故选C。答案:C20A.lost BdiscoveredCadvocated Dcreated解析:根据上文中的“wondered what had happened to the girls”以及该段的叙述可知,通过聊天,Malone和Fowler发现了他们之间的联系,即他们以前在火灾中相遇过。故选B。答案:B