1、第2讲动词的时态与语态和主谓一致1I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan in the past two years.(2018江苏，30)Ahad been carried outBwould be carried outCis being carried outDhas been carried out答案A解析句意为：上个月我被派到那个村子里去看了看在过去的两年里这个发展计划实施得怎么样了。根据in the past two years可知应用完成时，先排除B、C两项；再根据carry ou
2、t发生在was sent之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时的被动语态，故选A。2Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other，for we more convenient electronic communication tools by then.(2018江苏，31)Ahave developed Bhad developedCwill have developed Ddeveloped答案C解析句意为：在2025年我们有望不用再互相发电子邮件了，因为到那时我们将已经研制出更便捷的电子交流工具了。根据句中的in
3、2025以及by then可知，后面应用将来完成时，故选C项。3Hi，Im Peter.Are you new here？I havent seen you around.Hello，Peter.Im Bob.I just on Monday.(2018北京，1)Astart Bhave startedCstarted Dhad started答案C解析句意为：你好，我是彼得。你是这儿新来的吗？我没有见过你。你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一才开始(started)(上班)的。根据句意和时间状语on Monday可知，应该用一般过去时表示过去发生的动作。4Susan had quit her wel
4、l-paid job and as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.(2018北京，4)Ais working Bwas workingChas worked Dhad worked答案B解析when引导的时间状语从句用的是一般过去时，由此可将A、C两项排除(它们是现在时态)。本题应该选B项，表示去年“我”去看望她时她正在进行的动作。句意为：去年我去看望苏珊的时候，她已经辞去了高薪工作，正在社区做志愿工作。5Chinas high-speed railways from 9,000 to 25,000 k
5、ilometers in the past few years.(2018北京，7)Aare growing Bhave grownCwill grow Dhad grown答案B解析时间状语in the past few years与现在完成时连用，由此可知应该选B项。6A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who in the mountains for two days.(2018北京，9)Aare trapping Bhave been trappedCwere trapping Dhad been trapped答案D
6、解析根据risked可知，主句用了一般过去时，表示冒险救人的动作发生在过去，因此游客被困在山里也应该是过去的事情，排除A、B两项；过去进行时不与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，因此C项应排除；由此可知，应该选D项，表示游客在被救之前已经被困在山里两天了。句意为：一位救援人员冒着生命危险救了两名被困在山里两天的游客。7My washing machine this week，so I have to wash my clothes by hand.(2018天津，13)Awas repaired Bis repaired Cis being repaired Dhas been repaired答案
7、C解析句意为：我的洗衣机本周正在被修理，因此我只好用手洗我的衣服。根据后面的“我只好用手洗衣服”可知洗衣机正在被修理，需用现在进行时的被动语态。8Hes been informed that he for the scholarship because of his academic background.(2017江苏，31)Ahasnt qualified Bhadnt qualifiedCdoesnt qualify Dwasnt qualifying答案C解析句意为：他被告知，因为其教育背景，他没资格获得这笔奖学金。本空的谓语动词qualify在这里用作不及物动词，表示“有资格，有权利
8、”，此处并不表示延续性的动作，而是说明“他不合格”这一实际情况，因此用一般现在时的否定式doesnt qualify。9. that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?Yes.They are happy with it.(2017北京，24)ADid you call BHave you calledCWill you call DWere you calling答案A解析句意为：昨天你给那家公司打电话询问他们对我们的产品印象如何了吗？打过了，他们对我们的产品很满意。由yesterday(昨天)可知，句子用一般过去时
9、。D项是过去进行时，与语境不符。10Nowadays，cycling，along with jogging and swimming， as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.(2017天津，6)Aregard Bis regardedCare regarded Dregards答案B解析句意为：如今，骑行与慢跑、游泳一起被认为是最全面的运动方式之一。当主语后面接由along with引起的短语时，谓语动词应和主语(cycling)保持一致，排除A、C两项；cycling与regard之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，排除D项，故选B项。11M
10、ore efforts，as reported， in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.(2016江苏，22)Aare made Bwill be madeCare being made Dhave been made答案B解析句意为：正如报道的那样，要加快供给侧结构改革，今后几年要付出更多的努力。根据时间状语in the years ahead可知，此处要用一般将来时，故选B。12I half of the English novel，and Ill try to finish it at the
11、 weekend.(2016北京，25)Aread Bhave readCam reading Dwill read答案B解析句意为：我已经读完这本英文小说的一半了，我会争取在周末读完。前一分句表示到现在已经完成的动作，并且这个动作的结果对现在的情况仍有影响，故用现在完成时。13The real reason why prices ，and still are，too high is complex，and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.(2015江苏，30)Awere Bwill beChave bee
12、n Dhad been答案A解析句意为：物价过去很高，现在依然居高不下，其真正原因是复杂的，不是两三句话能圆满解释的。根据空格后面的and still are(而且现在仍然是)判断，前面是指物价过去的情况，应用一般过去时，故选A项。14In the last few years，China great achievements in environmental protection.(2015北京，26)Ahas made Bhad madeCwas making Dis making答案A解析句意为：在过去的几年里，中国在环保方面已经取得了巨大的成就。根据in the last few ye
13、ars可知，该句用现在完成时态，所以选A。15Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.All right.I him later.(2015北京，30)Awill call Bhave calledCcall Dwill be calling答案A解析句意为：杰克逊医生现在不在办公室里。好吧。我晚些时候再给他打电话。由时间副词later可知，call是将来要发生的动作，此处应用一般将来时态，所以答案为A。16Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she
14、a class at that time.(2015天津，6)Awill teach Bwould teachChas taught Dwill be teaching答案D解析句意为：简不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议，因为她那个时候正在给一个班上课。时间状语at that time指代at 3 oclock this afternoon，表示在将来的某一时刻正在做某事，故用将来进行时。诊断报告考向对应题号我的薄弱环节1时态一般时3,8,9,11,13,15完成时1,2,5,6,12,14进行时4,7,162被动语态1,6,7,10,113主谓一致10解题方法第一招：慧眼识别“时态标志词”做时态
15、题时首先要在题干中寻找时态标志词，不同的时间状语代表动作发生的时间点或时间段的不同。常见的时态标志词有：1一般现在时：always，every time，now and then，occasionally，seldom，sometimes，often，usually等。2现在完成时：up to now，so far，recently，already，yet，in the past few years，for时间段，since时间点以及since引导的从句等。3过去完成时：by过去时间，by the end of过去时间，by the time.等。4将来进行时：at this time tom
16、orrow/the day after tomorrow，from 130 to 430 tomorrow/the day after tomorrow等。5将来完成时：by将来时间，by the end of将来时间，before.等。第二招： “固定结构”定答案对含有固定结构的时态题，要迅速定位，根据该句型选用正确的时态。常见的固定结构有：1had done sth.when.刚做完某事，这时2be doing sth.when.正在做某事，这时3在“It/This is the best (worst，most interesting等)名词从句”中，从句中的谓语用现在完成时。4在“It
17、/This/That is the first/second/third.timethat从句”中，that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。在“It/This/That was the first/second/third.timethat从句”中，that从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。5在hardly/scarcely.when.，no sooner.than.句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意思为“一就”。6在“祈使句and/or陈述句”结构中，陈述句通常用一般将来时。第三招：“语境暗示”找线索近年来高考试题对时态考查的要求越来越高，大部分试题趋向情境化、实际化。考生要捕捉有
18、效信息，充分理解情境，综合运用所学知识，灵活答题。第四招：先语态后时态 这一招很有效，在解决这类问题时，我们应首先考虑语态问题，即动词与主语之间是主动还是被动关系。利用这一原则可以直接得出某些试题的答案，或者可以有效地缩小选择范围，提高解题的准确度。考点1时态1People better access to health care than they used to，and theyre living longer as a result.(2017北京，33)Awill have BhaveChad Dhad had答案B解析句意为：人们有了比过去更便捷的医疗服务，结果，人们更长寿了。句子说
19、的是现在的情况，故用一般现在时，选B项。have access to有权使用，有机会接近。2Is Peter coming?No，he his mind after a phone call at the last minute.Achanges BchangedCwas changing Dhad changed答案B解析句意为：彼得会来吗？不来了，他打完电话之后的最后一刻改变了主意。根据句子的时间状语“after a phone call at the last minute”可知，彼得改变主意是过去发生的动作，因此应该用一般过去时。3What time is it?I have no i
20、dea.But just a minute，I it for you.Acheck BcheckedCwill check Dwould check答案 C解析句意为：几点了？我不知道。稍等，我帮你看一下。由just a minute可知，下文表示临时的决定，应用一般将来时，故选C项。考点归纳1一般现在时(1)表示现在的状态或经常、反复、习惯性的动作或永久性的状态。(2)表示客观事实或普遍真理。(3)如果主句是一般将来时，那么在由when，while，before，after，until，as soon as，if等引导的表示将来行为的时间或条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时态代替一般将来时态，表
21、示将来的动作或状态。2一般过去时仅说明动作发生在过去，与现在没有联系，常与表示过去的时间状语连用。不强调动作的延续性。(1)After Jack had sent some e-mails，he started working on his project.杰克发了一些电子邮件后，就开始做起他的项目。(2)James has just arrived，but I didnt know he was coming until yesterday.詹姆斯刚刚已经到了，但是直到昨天我才知道他要来。3一般将来时be going to表示按计划或安排将要发生的事情；而will不强调行为的计划性，多指临时
22、的决定或安排。Mary is ill.I am going to visit her.Sorry，I didnt know.I will go with you.玛丽病了，我打算去看她。抱歉，我不知道，我和你一起去。1How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?Well，the media it in a variety of forms.Acover Bwill coverChave covered Dcovered答案C解析句意为：你对即将在南京举行的青奥会了解多少？嗯，媒体已经以各种各样
23、的形式对它进行了报道。由句意可知cover的动作已经发生，故用现在完成时，强调对现在造成的影响或结果。2When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I for years.Adidnt see Bhavent seenChadnt seen Dwouldnt see答案C解析句意为：沿街走路时，我偶然遇到了戴维，我们已有好几年没见了。“没见”表示的动作在came across之前，且for years是完成时的标志，所以应选表示过去完成时的hadnt seen。考点归纳现在完成时表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或情况，常与一段时间连
24、用或表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already，ever，never，yet，just等词连用。辨析一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性或永久性的状态；现在完成时则强调过去发生的动作到现在已完成，但这个动作的结果对现在仍有影响。The manager has just left.If only you had come a moment earlier.经理刚走，你要是能早来一会就好了。1Hi，lets go skating.Sorry，Im busy right now.I in an application form for a new job.Afill Bhave fille
25、dCam filling Dwill fill答案C 解析句意为：嗨，我们去滑冰吧。抱歉，我现在很忙。我正在填一份新工作的申请表。根据时间状语right now的提示可知，空格处应为一直在进行的动作，故用进行时。2I down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.(2017天津，8)Awas driving Bhave drivenCwould drive Ddrove答案A解析句意为：我正开车(was driving)去伦敦，这时突然发现我走错路了。be doing.when.是固定句式，表示“正在做这时”
26、。3Dashan，who crosstalk，the Chinese comedic tradition，for decades，wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.Awill be learning Bis learningChad been learning Dhas been learning答案D解析句意为：大山已经学习相声中国传统喜剧形式数十年了，他想把中国相声与西方单口相声融合起来。根据时间状语for decades和主句谓语动词wants可知，此处表示从过去到现在(有可能延续到将来)的动作，故此处要用现在完
27、成进行时。考点归纳1现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作，或现阶段一直进行的动作(说话时未必正在做)。另外，在时间或条件状语从句中常用一般现在时表示将来；go，come，leave，start，arrive，take，meet等表示趋向的动词的现在进行时也可表示将来。(1)Teenagers are damaging their health because they play computer games too much.青少年正在损害自己的健康，因为他们玩电脑游戏时间太长了。(2)Hurry up! Mark and Carl are expecting us.快点！马克和卡尔正在等我们。2
28、过去进行时则强调在过去某一时间正在进行的动作。另外，正如现在进行时有时可表示将来一样，过去进行时也可表示过去的将来。3现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态到现在已经完成，侧重于结果或影响；而现在完成进行时则表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直持续到现在，并且还在进行或刚刚完成，强调动作的延续性。考点2被动语态1To my delight，I from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.Awas chosen Bwas being chosenCwould choose Dhad chosen答案A解析句意为：令我高兴的
29、是，我从几百位申请者中被选出来参加开幕式。首先，句子主语I和choose之间是被动关系，故应用被动语态；其次，本句是对过去所发生的事情的客观描述，所以用一般过去时。故答案为A项。2In the 1950s in the USA，most families had just one phone at home，and wireless phones yet.(2017北京，29)Ahavent inventedBhavent been inventedChadnt inventedDhadnt been invented答案D解析句意为：在20世纪50年代的美国，大多数家庭家里仅有一部电话，无线
30、电话还没有被发明出来。由in the 1950s可知句子说的是过去发生的事情，又由yet可知，要用完成时，故空格处用过去完成时；又因phones与invent之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。综合可知，选D项。3He hurried home，never once looking back to see if he .(2017江苏，27)Awas being followed Bwas followingChad been followed Dfollowed答案A解析句意为：他匆忙回家了，一次也不曾回头看看有没有人在跟踪他。这里if引导的宾语从句用过去进行时表示过去某一时刻(hurried
31、home)正在进行的动作。又因he与follow之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。综合可知选A项。考点归纳1只有及物动词或短语才有被动语态；不及物动词或短语无被动语态。(1)Many stars appear in the sky at night.晚上天空会出现很多星星。(2)Great changes have taken place in my hometown since the reform and opening.改革开放以来，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。2被动语态的构成为“be过去分词”，只要变换be的形式就可以得到不同时态的被动语态；除be外被动语态的构成形式还有：get/bec
32、ome过去分词。(1)Her car got stolen at the weekend.她的车在周末被人偷了。(2)Tigers become endangered.老虎濒临灭绝。3感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to，但变为被动语态时，须加上to。如：let，have，see，notice，watch，listen to，hear，observe，feel等。The boss makes them work twelve hours every day.They are made to work twelve hours every day.老板让他们每天工作十二
33、小时。4主动形式表示被动含义： 系动词feel，look，seem，appear，taste，sound，smell，prove，remain等用主动形式表示被动意义，主语通常是事物。(1)The water feels warm.水摸起来很暖和。(2)The dish smells good.这道菜闻起来很香。表示开始、结束、运动的词如begin，finish，start，open，close，stop，shut等。(1)When does the concert begin? 音乐会什么时候开始？(2)The windows wouldnt open.窗子打不开了。表示主语的某种属性的词：
34、read，write，act，cut，draw，drive，sell，wash，clean，wear，open，cook，lock，look，shut等。(1)The cloth washes well.这种布料好洗。(2)The book sells quickly.这书销售得快。(3)Cheese cuts easily.奶酪很好切。考点3主谓一致The publication of Great Expectations，which both widely reviewed and highly praised，strengthened Dickens status as a leadin
35、g novelist.(2017江苏，24)Ais Bare Cwas Dwere答案C解析句意为：远大前程这部小说的出版受到广泛评论和高度赞扬，这巩固了狄更斯作为顶尖小说家的地位。空格处与后面的reviewed和praised一起构成定语从句的谓语，根据主句谓语strengthened判断这里用一般过去时；定语从句的关系词which指代主句的“the publication of Great Expectations”，主语核心词是publication，故be动词用was。因此选C。考点归纳(一)意义一致原则1由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)，
36、谓语动词用单数。(1)A needle and thread was given to her，but she could not sew the button on.针线给了她，但她不会把纽扣缝起来。(2)War and peace is a constant theme in history.战争与和平是历史上一个永恒的主题。2no，each，every等限定的名词由and连接作主语时，谓语动词用单数。3非谓语动词作主语，谓语动词用单数。4含修饰语的名词作主语的特殊情况(1)many a/more than one单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。Many a large and big b
37、usiness has been built up from small ones.很多大企业都是从小规模发展起来的。(2)the rest，the remaining/part .主语，谓语动词应根据所表达的单复数意义而定。(3)分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所表示的意义。(二)就近一致原则1由or，nor，either .or，neither .nor，not only .but (also).连接的并列主语，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词的单复数形式要和与它邻近的主语的数保持一致。(1)Either you or one of your students is
38、to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。(2)Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.不仅学生而且老师也喜欢这部电影。2there be句型中，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。(三)语法一致原则 1主语和谓语通常遵循语法一致的原则，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。All the scientific evidence shows that increasing us
39、e of chemicals in farming is damaging our health.所有的科学证据表明，农业上越来越多地使用化工产品正在损害我们的健康。2a quantity of接名词时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。quantities of后接复数名词、不可数名词，后面的谓语动词都用复数形式。With more and more forests being destroyed，a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year.With more and more forests being destroye
40、d，quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。3由“kind(form，type，sort，species，portion，series) of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式常取决于这些词的单复数。4主语后跟有with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等附属成分时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。1I havent met Mr S
41、mith these days.Oh，I forgot to tell you.He from his post in our college.(2018南通、泰州一模，23)Aresigned Bhas resignedChad resigned Dwould resign 答案B解析句意为：我这些天都没见到史密斯先生。我忘记告诉你他已经从我们学院辞职了。他辞职这件事对现在造成了影响，又无过去的时间点，用现在完成时，故选B。2I thought tomorrow was the deadline for my confirmation.Never mind! Call me later an
42、d tell me what you then.(2018南通、泰州一模，33)Awould think Bhad thoughtCthink Dthought答案C解析答语句意为：不用担心！晚点给我打电话并告诉我，你到时候是怎么想的。then暗示是到时候的想法，think用一般现在时态，故选C。3Tom as well as two of his classmates invited to the party.Aare Bwill be Cis Dbe答案C解析as well as连接的两个名词作主语，谓语动词应与前者一致。Tom为第三人称单数，故选C。4People from across
43、 the world gathered in London to hear Big Bens last regular chime and some of them even cried，as if they a friends funeral.(2018苏锡常镇二调，23)Aattended Bhave attendedCwere attending Dwould attend答案C解析句意为：来自世界各地的人们聚集到伦敦来听大本钟的最后一次钟声，许多人甚至都哭了就好像他们正在参加某位朋友的葬礼。根据句意可知，用过去进行时，故选C。5Free subway newspapers，which
44、appeared at the beginning of the 21st century in China， at the subway stations in the rush hour.(2018无锡高三上期末，25)Aare usually handed outBusually hand outCwere usually handed outDhad usually been handed out答案A解析句意为：21世纪初出现在中国的免费的地铁站报纸一般在地铁站交通高峰期被发放。首先报纸是被发放的，用被动语态，排除B，其次作为一个事实，用一般现在时。故选A。6Ladies and g
45、entlemen，we at Changzhou Station，please get ready to get off the train.(2018常州期末统考，21)Aare to arrive Bare arrivingCare going to arrive Dwill arrive答案B解析句意为：女士们先生们，我们即将到达常州站，下车的乘客请做好准备。arrive常用现在进行时表即将发生的动作。故选B。7The great poet and writer coming to our school talking about Chinese literature and paint
46、ing next week.Ais BwasCare Dwere答案A解析句意为：那位伟大的作家兼诗人将在下周来我们学校给我们讲中国文学和绘画。当and连接并列主语表示同一概念时，谓语动词要用单数。本句主语表示的是一个人的两种身份。8A former Chinese soldier，who in India for half a century，flew home to China on February 11,2017.(2017盐城三模，25)Atrapped Bhad trappedChas been trapped Dhad been trapped答案D解析句意为：一位中国老兵被困印
47、度半个多世纪，终于在2017年2月11日乘飞机回到了中国的家。由a former Chinese soldier与trap之间为被动关系可知，要用被动语态；被困的动作发生在flew所表示的动作之前，故用过去完成时的被动形式。9As is expected，it will still be some years before all the metro lines in our city into operation.(2017无锡期末，24)Awill be put Bare putCwill have been put Dhave been put答案B解析句意为：正如所预料的，我们城市所有
48、的地铁线路还要过几年才能被启用。在before引导的时间状语从句中，要用一般现在时表将来。10Towering over the surrounding buildings the Suning skyscraper，which reaches nearly 400 meters in height，making it a new landmark of Zhenjiang.(2018镇江一模，23)Aare BhasCis Dhave答案C解析考查动词的时态及主谓一致。句意为：苏宁大厦高耸于周边建筑之上，达到了近400米高，成了镇江的一个新地标。本句为倒装句。主语是the Suning sk
49、yscraper，be动词应用单数is，故选C项。专题强化练(二).单项填空1Li Mingyang，who as the main center on the Chinese Womens Basketball Team for two years，is now a member of a Japanese basketball club，which is considered shameful by many Chinese.(2018常熟中学段考，11)Ahas served Bhad servedCserved Dwas serving答案C解析句意为：李明阳，她担任了两年的中国女子篮
50、球队的主力中锋，现在是日本的一个篮球俱乐部的成员，这被很多中国人认为是可耻的。此处是定语从句的谓语动词，说的是过去的事情，所以要用一般过去时，故选C。2I writing the paper as scheduled，but my mothers illness interfered.I hope you will excuse me.(2018泰州二模，9)Aam to have finished Bwas to have finishedCwas to finish Dought to finish答案B解析根据interfered可知应该用过去时态，因为write 这个动作发生在 my
51、mothers illness interfered 这个时刻，而这是一个过去的时刻，就是说，我之所以“没有完成”，是由于“我母亲疾病的干扰”，要不然过去已经完成了。句意为：我本来应按计划写完这篇论文的，但是我被母亲的疾病所干扰。我希望你会原谅我。故选B。3You seem to be familiar with London.I there for three years.Its great to be back.(2018淮安淮海中学段考，33)Alived Bhad livedChave lived Dlive答案A解析句意为：你似乎很熟悉伦敦。我在那里生活了三年。回来真好。从 Its
52、great to be back.说明说话人现在不在伦敦，在伦敦的三年是过去的三年，用一般过去时，选A。4Im going to the Golden Coast in Australia with my family at Christmas time.Whats your plan for the holidays?Well，while you are enjoying yourself on the beach，I on my couch，watching Game of Thrones.(2018苏州学业质量阳光指标调研，30)Aam sitting Bwill be sittingC
53、will have sat Dwould sit答案B解析答语句意为：当你在沙滩上享受的时候，我将正在我的沙发上看权力的游戏。表示将来某一时刻正在发生的事。故选B。5In western countries，only the completely innocent or the determinedly blind could believe that any government activity near to election time electoral implications.(2018苏北四市一调，33)Ahasnt had Bdidnt haveCdoesnt have Dha
54、dnt had答案C解析句意为：在西方国家，只有绝对无知的人与完全的瞎子才会相信政府任何在临近大选时期的活动没有选举的暗示。这里陈述一个事实、道理，使用一般现在时，故选C。6You scared him？No，he so easily.(2018常州期末，33)Adoesnt scare Bisnt scaredCdidnt scare Dwasnt scared答案A解析scare 做不及物动词表示事物的属性和状态。he doesnt scare so easily为一般状态。句意为：他不那么容易害怕。故选A。7They say at the end of your life，you reg
55、ret the stuff you didnt do more than the stuff that you .(2018南京三模，34)Ado BdidChad done Dwould do答案B解析句意为：他们说，在临终时，相较于做过的事，你会更加后悔那些没有做过的事。根据“didnt do more than”可知选B。8You look pretty tired today!I an environmental report over the last few days，which should be submitted to the boss tomorrow.(2018南京高淳区
56、、淮海中学等97校联考，26)Awrote Bwas writingChad written Dhave been writing答案D解析句意为：你今天看起来很累！在过去的几天里我一直在写一个环境报告，这个报告明天应交给老板。表示从几天前开始一直持续到现在并且有可能持续下去的动作，用现在完成进行时，故选D。9The movie La La Land is awesome.Its really a pity that you didnt make it.Sorry，I .I was too busy then.(2017苏锡常镇四市二模，30)Adidnt Bdid Cwouldnt Dwou
57、ld答案A解析句意为：电影爱乐之城太棒了，真遗憾你没有观看。很遗憾我没有看。我那时太忙了。根据语境可知，答话者“过去”没有去看这部电影，而且此处表示“否定”意义，所以选A。10Owing to the speeding up of urbanization and improvement of living standards，peoples consumption patterns in the last few years.(2017苏北四市摸底考试，21)Achanged BchangeChad changed Dhave changed答案D解析句意为：由于城市化的快速发展和人民生活水
58、平的提高，在过去的几年里，人们的消费模式也发生了变化。由句中的in the last few years可知，要用现在完成时态，故选D。11By getting involved in social activities，you in a position where you can make new friends.Ahave put Bhave been putCare putting Dare being put答案D解析句意为：通过参与社会活动，你让自己处于一种能够结交新朋友的境地。put sb.in a position“让某人处于某种境地”为习惯用法，且you和put构成被动关系，
59、故此处应用被动语态；又因“参与社会活动”和“处于这种境地”同时发生，所以应用现在进行时的被动语态。12I didnt see you in your apartment yesterday.Well，between one and two I the dog.Ahad walked Bwould walkCwalked Dwas walking答案D解析句意为：昨天在你的公寓里我没有看到你。噢，一点到两点之间，我正在遛狗。根据句意可知，空处表示在昨天一点到两点的这个时间段内正在进行的动作，故应用过去进行时。13Politics in this country state and many ot
60、hers controlled by local strongmen.Aare B/Cis Dhave答案C解析本句的真正主语是politics，意为“政治”，谓语用单数。strongman铁腕人物。句意为：在这个国家以及很多其他的国家，政治是由当地的铁腕人物控制的。14Have you ever visited the Water Cube?Yes.When I served as a volunteer in Beijing，I it twice.Ahave visited BvisitedChad visited Dhad been visiting答案B解析回答者在当义工的时候到过水立
61、方，属于过去的事情，用一般过去时。15Now the worlds attention the stocking markets，as they have great influence on the worlds economy.Ais fixing on Bhas fixed onCis being fixed on Dhad been fixed on答案C解析句意为：现在全世界的注意力都集中在股市上，因为股市对世界经济有着重大的影响。根据now可以判断本题为现在进行时，由sb.fix sb.s attention on sth.可知，attention和fix on之间为被动关系。.阅
62、读理解AA professor from the University of Georgia is allowing students to choose their own grades to reduce their stress and to walk out of any class if they dont like “the group dynamics(动力)”If the professor were to write a book outlining this educational philosophy，what could it be titled？Would you l
63、ike to write down your possible title and then send an email to usThe Week magazine?What to win：Winners entries will appear on the Puzzles Page in the Sept.8 issue and at on Friday，Sept. 1.Winners will get an opportunity to discuss some topics they care about face to face with the professor.They wil
64、l also be given a book titled by themselves by the professor.Winners will get a one-year subscription to The Week.They will receive 4 free issues first.Theyll also get 46 more for a total of 50 for just 1.39 per issue！Theyll receive instant access to the digital edition.How to enterSubmissions shoul
65、d be emailed to contest .Please include your name，address，and telephone number.Entries are due by noon，Eastern Time，Tuesday，Aug. 29.In the case of similar entries，the first one received gets credit.语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。一位教授想写一本以“减少学生压力”为主线的书，现在面向大众征集这本书的标题。16What can participants get if they win the contest
66、?AFree access to a digital edition of The Week.BA chance to talk with the professor in person.CA free subscription to 50 issues of The Week.DAn opportunity to add their names to the book.答案B解析细节理解题。根据What to win部分中的“Winners will get an opportunity to discuss some topics they care about face to face
67、with the professor.”可知，获胜者有机会跟这位教授面对面交流。故选B。17What is the purpose of this text?ATo call on students to love reading.BTo help relieve students academic stress.CTo ask for some possible titles for a book.DTo take in volunteers for a course program.答案C解析写作意图题。通读全文，尤其是第一段第二、三句可知，作者写本文的目的是让读者提供关于一本书的标题的创
68、意。故选C。BWhen the natural climate changes due to global warming，it can surely affect seals.The majority of them live in the Antarctic region，so as the ice is melting，their natural habitat(栖息地) can be seriously affected.These changes dont take place overnight.They can be the result of many years of add
69、itional temperatures in the area.The seals then have to find ways to adapt.Seals depend on the cool air currents to bring plenty of food for them.When the temperatures get higher，there is less and less food and the seal population starts to get depleted.Mothers arent healthy enough to feed their bab
70、ies.Many of them end up abandoned as the mothers have to leave to find their own source of food.The fact that their desire to produce young can be changed by the warmer temperatures is frightening too.It is also believed that the warmer temperatures can allow different diseases and viruses to attack
71、 the seals.This is a huge concern as they can rapidly wipe out huge numbers of seals out there.However，these changes in climate and temperature arent all bad for other species of seals.Scientists have found that those living in warmer climates are producing more young due to the changes.Research als
72、o shows that the females are moving farther to find food and water.When they are out of the reach of the governing males，they are more willing to accept the moves of other males in the group.This is good news too because it means that there will be more selection in the gene pool(基因库) for future gen
73、erations.It can help the seals as a species adapt to changes in their natural environment more easily.The climate change problem for seals is directly linked to humans.When we take action to change what we let out into the environment，we will make positive changes for the seals.However，it is going t
74、o take a very long time to reverse(彻底改变) the effects of what has already been done.18What does the author regard climate changes for seals as?AA double-edged sword.BAn unavoidable disaster for existence.CA mirror of evolution.DA requirement for more choice in the gene pool.答案A解析推理判断题。文章第一至三段介绍了气候变暖对
75、南极地区的海豹的负面影响，第四至五段介绍了气候变暖对其他种类的海豹的正面影响。由此可推知，在作者看来，对海豹来说，气候变暖既有利又有弊，是把双刃剑。故选A。19What will happen to the seals living in warmer climates?ATheir number will be on the increase.BThe female seals will be in the lead.CTheir genes will change a great deal.DThe females will keep away from the males.答案A解析细节
76、理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，生活在更暖和的地区的海豹会因为气候变暖而繁殖更多的幼崽。由此可知，它们的数量会增加。20What does the passage mainly talk about?AThe importance of protecting seals.BSeals adaptation to climate change.CHow climate change affects seals.DWhy seals are becoming less and less.答案C解析主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了全球气候变暖给海豹带来的负面影响和正面影响，因此C项“气候变
77、化如何影响海豹”最能概括文章大意。.任务型阅读Most of us know a cheetah(猎豹) can beat an elephant in a footrace.But scientists have struggled to find why certain animals move faster than others.Now it seems size might be the answer.Animals speed limits affect how they migrate，and how they interact with their environmentand
78、 whether they eat or are eaten.Speed is determined by how far an animal moves in a given amount of time.So，it is clear that animals with longer limbs or fins will travel further and reach higher speeds.But all the evidence says it isnt so：todays fastest animals arent the elephants or blue whales，but
79、 the cheetahs and marlins.Some scientists have suggested this is because the bones and muscles of very large animals cant stand the forces experienced during the rapid move.But Myriam Hirt at the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research thinks there is something else going on.By examining
80、 data from 494 running，flying and swimming species，Hirt has created a model that seems to confirm that the fastest species are those with the body mass(体重) that falls in the middle of the range.For running and swimming animals that “middle” body mass is about 100 kilograms；for flying animals it is a
81、bout 1 to 10 grams.Her team suggests being “middle-sized” is of great advantage because of basic physical considerations.Animals have a limited amount of time to get up to high speeds before they run out of the quickly available energy stored in muscle tissue.Larger animals have more muscle tissue，a
82、nd therefore more energy available for a race.But，due to their large body mass，they cant start moving as quickly as small animals and take a longer time to reach a given absolute speed.But the time they get up to higher speeds，they have little of this quickly available energy left.The model shows th
83、at maximum speed drops off steeply as animals grow beyond the middle size，and matches what we know about different species speeds.Hirt was surprised by the models universal applicability.“It works for animals of different ecosystems，movement types and even for larger extinct species，” she says.“We c
84、an also make highly accurate predictions of maximum speeds of currently living species.” She also says the model can also allow us to predict extinct species speeds.The running speeds of dinosaurs have been a controversial point of debate for some time.But some scientists are skeptical of the model
85、until more evidence is presented.Mauricio Fuentes is an independent researcher from Santiago，Chile，who focuses on the biomechanics of fast running speeds.He would like to see more evidence that the model applies to swimming and flying animals.“A good correlation(相互关系) does not necessarily mean the m
86、odel is correct，but it certainly is a good signal，”says Fuentes.Title：Why Fast Animals Are Never Too Small or BigAnimals speed limitsTheir speeds influence how they migrate and whether they can 21. in their environment.Animals with longer limbs or fins may not move the fastest for their bones and mu
87、scles are 22. to stand the force.Hirts studyThe result of the studyIt analyses data from about 500 species and confirms that 23. animals run，swim or fly the fastest.The analysis of the studyAnimals with middle body mass are 24. because it takes a 25. time for them to get up to high speeds.Those larg
88、e-sized animals have little available 26. left after they speed up.Maximum speed 27. sharply as animals grow beyond the middle size.Different 28. on the studyIt can be 29. used and it can also allow us to predict both currently living species and extinct species speeds.It is 30. by some scientists l
89、ike Mauricio Fuentes，who hopes for more evidence.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。最近一项研究表明：那些在陆地上奔跑得最快、空中飞得最快、水里游得最快的动物往往都是中等体型的，这是为什么呢？21答案survive解析信息概括题。根据第二段首句可知，动物的速度影响着它们的迁徙和生存，故空格处填survive。22答案unable解析信息转换题。根据第二段最后两句可知，那些有着相对较长的四肢、鳍的动物并不是运动得最快的，这是因为它们的骨骼和肌肉无法承受突然加速带来的爆发力。故填unable。23答案middle-sized解析信息概括题。根据第三段中的“H
90、irt has created a model that seems to confirm that the fastest species are those with the body mass(体重) that falls in the middle of the range”和第四段中的“Her team suggests being middle-sized is of great advantage because of basic physical considerations.”可知，Hirt的研究表明：中等体型的物种运动得最快。故填middle-sized。24答案advan
91、tageous解析信息转换题。根据第四段中的“Her team suggests being middle-sized is of great advantage because of basic physical considerations.”可知，Hirt的团队认为中等体型的动物有巨大的优势。空处在句中作表语，故填advantageous“有利的，有好处的”。25答案short(er)解析信息转换题。根据第四段中的“Animals have a limited amount of time to get up to high speeds.take a longer time to re
92、ach a given absolute speed.”可知，体型中等的动物在速度上更具有优势，那是因为它们不需要那么久的时间来提速。故此空应填short(er)。26答案energy解析直接信息题。根据第四段倒数第二句可知，体型庞大的动物提速之后，它们体内的提速能量所剩无几。故填energy。27答案decreases解析信息转换题。根据第四段末句可知，动物的体型越大，其运动的最快速度会更急剧地降低。故填decreases。28答案opinions/views解析信息概括题。根据最后两段的内容及表格右栏的内容可知，此处主要讲的是人们对该项研究的不同看法。故填opinions或views。29答案universally/widely解析信息转换题。根据第五段的“Hirt was surprised by the models universal applicability.”可知，Hirt所创建的模式可以得到非常广泛的运用。故填universally或者widely。30答案doubted/suspected解析信息转换题。根据第六段首句以及此段中提到的Mauricio Fuentes的相关内容可知，Hirt的研究也受到了一些科学家的质疑。故填doubted或suspected。
