1、第三版块写作版块 专题七 书面表达 增分方案一题型内核精准剖析抓题源 近三年全国卷和全国卷、全国卷，高考英语写作主要为书信(包括电子邮件)，词数均要求 100 左右。书信种类很多，包括求助信、申请信、建议信、咨询信、邀请信、感谢信、致歉信、慰问信、投诉信、求职信等。2017 年全国卷、电子邮件，2017 年全国卷邀请信，2016 年全国卷高考英语写作是一封求助信，2016 年全国卷高考英语写作是一封邀请信，2016 年全国卷高考英语写作是一封电子邮件，属于道歉信。写出一篇让阅卷老师欣赏的作文是每位考生的梦想，考前听一听阅卷老师对审阅 2017 年全国卷书面表达过程中的一些感悟肯定会让你受益匪浅
2、。阅卷老师谈书信写作增分的一些细节阅卷时按照评分标准，将作文分成五个档次；考虑内容是否完整，交际是否得体，条理是否清晰，语言是否准确。在阅卷中针对具体情况又补充了几个标准：1语言要符合人物特征，不要太正式，也不能太随意。2关键信息有问题，减分不减档。3可不按要点顺序走，但要点必须齐全。对于水平一般的考生来说，写作时不必过分强调使用长难句或者语法结构过于复杂的句子，可以使用短小精悍的句子，用词不见得多么难，只要准确，能够交流即可。也就是说，不一定写得“洋”气十足，但一定写得像模像样。在书信写作中，要在要点的覆盖、内容的组织、语言的准确性、语域的选择上多下功夫。第一步 写好开头开门见山明意图文章的
3、开头应当做到新颖、吸引人、感染人，成功的开头是写好文章的关键。英语书信的特点是开门见山，用简洁的语言引出文章的主题，使读者清楚文章要说什么。下面一起看一看近三年全国卷的书信写作以及其他地方的书信写作都是如何开头的(注意：加黑的表明已给出)。1(2017全国卷书面表达)I am very delighted to know you are interested in Tang Poems.Now Im writing to tell you the plan for the next class.2(2017全国卷书面表达)Im Li Hua，Im writing to invite you t
4、o see the Chinese paper-cutting exhibition.3(2017全国卷书面表达)How is everything going？I have good news to tell you that our schools table tennis team is admitting new members.4(2016全国卷)Im one of your students，Li Hua from Class Two.Im writing to ask for your help.5 (2016 全 国 卷)Our school photography club
5、is going to hold an International High School Student Photography Show.6(2016全国卷)Im sorry to say that I cant go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.7(2015全国卷)Id like to ask you to write an article for our schools English newspaper.8(2015全国卷)Id like to invite you to join us for a visit to t
6、he nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.9(全国卷)I am a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to attend a summer school during the vacation.10(2017天津卷书面表达)Im so glad to hear from you.With the college entrance examination drawing near，I am engaged in preparing for it.11
7、(2017北京卷书面表达)Im happy to receive your letter and know youre coming to China.12(2016天津卷)How time flies！I am Li Jin，President of Student Union of Chenguang Middle School.在书信写作中我们可用 Im writing to do sth.来表示目的；用 Id like to do sth.来表示叙述。求职信可说：Im writing to apply for the position./Learning from.，Id like t
8、o apply for the post.咨询信可说：Im writing to inquire/ask for some information about.感谢信可说：Im writing to express my thanks for./Id like to convey my heartfelt thanks to you for.建议信可说：Im writing to express my view concerning.投诉信可说：Im writing to complain about.道歉信可说：Im writing to make an apology to you for
9、.邀请信可说：Im writing to tell you something about./Would you like to.?第二步 写好中间段主体要通畅一、要点要“全”，错误要“少”不少考生由于粗心或时间紧张而出现审题错误，以至于漏掉部分要点，根据评分标准，漏掉内容要点的要降低得分档次。例如 2017 全国卷的个别考生就漏掉了写信邀请外教 Henry 一起参观中国剪纸艺术展这一要点而造成了失分，真是可惜。其实，在写作中我们很容易找齐要点，它们一般是中文给出的要点，但由于时间匆忙或由于单词、短语不会写，导致写作时就漏掉了。如果考生基础较差，有些单词、短语不会写，这时就需要变通，可以找意思
10、相近的词汇或短语来代替。典例(2017全国卷)假定你是李华，想邀请外教 Henry 一起参观中国剪纸(paper-cutting)艺术展。请给他写封邮件，内容包括：1展览时间、地点；2展览内容。注意：1.词数 100 左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_行文思路仔细审题，本文要点如下：1写信目的邀请外教 Henry 一起参观中国剪纸艺术展。2艺术展时间、地点。3艺术展内容。4盼望早日答复。上面较难表达的应是要点 3，我们很难写出：Paper-cutting is a traditional art form in China，which has a history of 1,500 ye
11、ars.People often beautify their home with paper-cutting during festivals and weddings.A large number of paper-cut works will be on show，some of which are made by famous artists.句中 beautify 一词用的巧，恰到好处，但考场上我们可能不会写，但我们可以对句子进行拆解、转换或整合，对不会写的单词、短语进行变通，写出大意相近的句子，如：People often make their home beautiful wit
12、h paper-cutting during festivals and weddings.二、词汇要“美”，妙语要“多”一份高考作文在阅卷时往往在 1 分钟内就被判定生死，大众化的词汇、平庸的表达已使长时间工作的阅卷老师产生了视觉疲劳。如果一篇作文中突然出现几个与众不同、让人眼前一亮的词汇，老师的给分也绝不会吝啬！1“语”众不同，避免人云亦云写作时恰当得体地使用别人可能想不到的词汇或表达，会给阅卷老师耳目一新的感觉。If you want to apply for membership，you are asked to fill in the application form and sen
13、d an email to pingpong If you want to apply for membership you are required to fill in the application form and send an email to pingpong (2017全国卷书面表达)The application time is from October 5 to October 10,2017.The application time is scheduled for October 5-10,2017.(2017全国卷书面表达)My application and res
14、ume have been prepared and I sincerely hope you can help me correct them.My application and resume have been prepared and I sincerely hope you can help me polish them.(2016全国卷书面表达)So I have to bother you to correct my mistakes in the material I attach to the letter.So I have no choice but to bother
15、you to correct my mistakes in the material I attach to the letter.(2016全国卷书面表达)I should be free any time after school next week.I should be available any time after school next week.(2016全国卷书面表达)2更新换代，避免重复写作时应尽量避免重复使用相同的词语，要用贴切多样的词语来展示自己的水平。用词不同、表达方式迥异，也是高级用法。Apart from regular training，our team wil
16、l join in a variety of activities，such as joining in some national competitions on behalf of our school.Apart from regular training，our team will join in a variety of activities，such as participating in some national competitions on behalf of our school.(2017全国卷书面表达)Whats more，in order to know much
17、about Chinese culture，it is important for you to know the content，Tang Poetry.Whats more，in order to have much knowledge of Chinese culture，it is of great importance for you to be aware of the content，Tang Poetry.(2017全国卷书面表达)3单词与短语巧妙互用一般情况下短语优先，应多使用词组、习语来代替一些单词，以增加文采。但有时单词比短语更生动，可以“一词传神”。Consequent
18、ly，some viewers began to turn away from cinemas，causing a slower growth.As a consequence，some viewers began to turn away from cinemas，leading toa slower growth.(2017江苏卷书面表达)I would like to invite you to join，since you like table tennis，and you are the most suitable person.I would like to invite you
19、to join，since you are fond of table tennis，and you are the most suitable person.(2017全国卷书面表达)I want to tell you something about my plan for the summer vacation and Id like you to help me.I want to tell you something about my plan for the summer vacation and Id like you to do me a favor.(2016全国卷书面表达)
20、I think everyone here is a member of our big family and we learn a lot from each other.In my opinion，everyone here is a member of our big family and we learn a lot from each other.(2016天津卷书面表达)We should try to improve ourselves through learning and prepare for the future.We should take pains to impr
21、ove ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future.(2015福建卷书面表达)4尽量用高级阶段学到的词代替低级阶段学到的词Firstly，what I want to stress is that we are about to start our next lesson in classroom 8 of the Teaching Building at 10 am next Friday.To start with，what I intend to stress is that we are about to sta
22、rt our next lesson in classroom 8 of the Teaching Building at 10 am next Friday.(2017全国卷书面表达)There is no doubt that you should know about the history of Tang Dynasty ahead of time.There is no doubt that you are supposed to know about the history of Tang Dynasty in advance.(2017全国卷书面表达)This summer I
23、want to do a part-time job in a foreign company，through which I would like to broaden my horizons，get some working experience and meet more new friends.This summer I intend to take up a part-time job in a foreign company，through which I would like to broaden my horizons，gain some working experience
24、and meet more new friends.(2016全国卷书面表达)Whats worse，some drivers，cyclists and pedestrians do not think it important to obey traffic rules.Whats worse，some drivers，cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.(2015江苏卷书面表达)三、句式要“高”，句子要“鲜”句式单一、缺乏生气的文章，哪怕无任何错误也不可能得高分。考生在写作文时应多运用一些
25、高级句式和复合句，并注意句式的灵活多变，让文章读起来抑扬顿挫，让考生深厚的语言功底得以体现，让作文跨上五档线！(一)增加亮点的定语从句1定语从句的应用可以非常有效地提升表达档次，在写作中如果我们可以把两个简单句合并为一个定语从句，就是从低级到高级的表达。We are to meet on Sunday morning in the Peoples Park.In the Peoples Park the air is fresh and the scenery is beautiful.We are to meet on Sunday morning in the Peoples Park w
26、here the air is fresh and the scenery is beautiful.(2017全国卷书面表达)Besides，I advise you to go to the bookstore to borrow a history book and learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance.It can help you better understand the poems to be learned.Besides，I advise you to go to the bookstore to borrow a
27、history book and learn the history of the Tang Dynasty in advance，which can help you better understand the poems to be learned.(2017全国卷书面表达)(二)吸引眼球的状语从句在英语写作中，状语从句是经常用到的句型，它的灵活运用使作文更具吸引力。Several days later，when the video was played on the graduation ceremony，it was well received.(2017北京卷书面表达)To begi
28、n with，the final exam of this term is around the corner so I am busy preparing for it.(2017天津卷书面表达)If you are interested in the Chinese folk art，please email me.(2017全国卷书面表达)We did so well that we were invited to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school.(2016北京卷书面表达)(三)提升档次的
29、名词性从句1名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。尤其 what，that 所引导的名词性从句是写作中常见的高级表达方式。What I want to stress is that I have already been a volunteer for the 13th National Games which will be held at the end of August in Tianjin.(主语从句，表语从句)(2017天津卷书面表达)I believe this magazine will surely benefit us，and I am looking f
30、orward to reading it.(宾语从句)(2017陕西检测一书面表达)Its said that a large number of paper-cut works by experts throughout China will be on show.(主语从句)(2017全国卷书面表达)Thats why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.(表语从句)(2017北京卷书面表达)2在写作中我们如果能够把两个简单句合并为一个含有名词性从句的复合句，或者把一个简单句扩展成为含有名词性从句
31、的复合句，对写作都是一种质的升华。He said a lot at the meeting.His words were very attractive.What he said at the meeting was very attractive.With the help of Han Meimei，you can learn how to make Chinese knots，without doubt.With the help of Han Meimei，theres no doubt that you can learn how to make Chinese knots.(201
32、7洛阳统考书面表达)(四)常用 8 大句式，考场驾轻就熟1强调句型强调句型的使用是为了突出强调句子的某一成分，其构成为：It is/was被强调部分that/who其他。在写作中，我们可以通过强调句型将句子提高到一个新的层次。The teachers praise contributes to my success.It is the teachers praise that contributes to my success.(2015湖南卷书面表达)It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atm
33、osphere.(江西卷书面表达)Its not what difficulties we meet once in a while that shaped our lives，but what attitudes we take to face them.(安徽卷书面表达)2倒装句在写作中倒装句应用比较广泛，涉及的句型也比较多，包括部分倒装和全部倒装。常见的有：(1)“only状语”置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。Only when we are healthy and energetic can we become prepared for any hard work in our schoo
34、lwork and get fruitful results.(2017陕西九校联考书面表达)(2)Only in this way can we students study happily and effectively.(2015湖南卷满分作文)(3)none，neither，nor，not，never，hardly，little，seldom 等否定词，以及由no 构成的否定短语如 at no time，by no means 等置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。Visiting this exhibition，not only will we enjoy the folk art work
35、s，but also we will learn a lot.(2017全国卷书面表达)(3)在 so/such.that.结构中，当 so/such.位于句首时，其后的句子用部分倒装。So excited was I that I couldnt wait to try my hand at riding it.(福建卷书面表达)(4)here，there，now，then，out，in，up，down，on the wall，in the room 等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词而不是代词时，句子用全部倒装。In that picture，around the
36、 table with three books on it sit three students.(2015上海卷书面表达)3省略句省略句的应用可以使句子更简洁、明快。写作中主要用到的有状语从句的省略和不定式 to 后成分的省略。If(it is)not，let me know what time suits you best.(2016全国卷书面表达)As(it is)scheduled，we participated in several instructive activities.(2016天津卷书面表达)While(we were)visiting the art exhibitio
37、n，we discussed the great artists works.(2016天津卷书面表达)4虚拟语气写作中虚拟语气的使用可以使表达更委婉，更具可读性。写作中常见的有以下几种：(1)wish 型虚拟语气I wish that you could grasp this opportunity to learn tradition Chinese culture further.(2017全国卷书面表达)(2)if only 型虚拟语气If only I could go back and reset my goals.(2015重庆卷写作)(3)(should)do 型虚拟语气To
38、master Mandarin，I strongly suggest you(should)practice with Chinese people.(2015四川卷书面表达)(4)Its(high/about)time(that).型虚拟语气It is high time that both children and parents took/should take action to make small changes.(福建卷书面表达)5非谓语动词写作中非谓语动词的应用标志着写作水平上升了一个档次，写作中常用到的是非谓语动词作状语和定语。(1)非谓语动词作状语To make the c
39、lass go smoothly，you are supposed to know about the history of Tang Dynasty in advance.(2017全国卷书面表达)So Im writing you a letter，hoping to get your guide and suggestions.(2016全国卷书面表达)A week before Earth Day，posters were put up around our school，calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener eart
40、h.(2016北京卷书面表达)Faced with difficulties，we need friends to give us comfort and help.(山东卷书面表达)(2)非谓语动词作定语I am sure it is worthwhile to learn the poems written in the Tang Dynasty with you.(2017全国卷书面表达)The exhibition will be held in the City Museum，located in the north of our city.(2017全国卷卷书面表达)Our cla
41、ss came up with the idea to make better use of used materials.(2016北京卷书面表达)6with 复合结构with 复合结构可以使文章简洁紧凑，一篇文章如果能恰当地使用一两个 with复合结构，可以使文章增色不少。Paper-cutting is a traditional art form in China with a history of more than 1,500 years.(2017全国卷书面表达)With English words getting popular in both media and daily
42、life，a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them.(江苏卷书面表达)7并列句型并列句型是用连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来，在这一句型中要注意连接并列主语时，有些句型采取“就近原则”。写作中常用到的有以下几种：(1)while 表示对比关系，意为“然而，可是”It is beneficial to some people，while it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vote or not.(2016江苏卷书面表达)(2)not only.but(also).“不仅而且”By do
43、ing so，I can not only share good ideas with others but also learn to express myself clearly.(2015浙江卷书面表达)(3)not.but.“不是，而是”To be honest，voters sometimes feel annoyed，not because they hate voting，but because they are divided between emotion and fairness.(2016江苏卷书面表达)So，from now on，lets not waste our
44、time on unimportant things but have a heart-to-heart chat with our parents once in a while.(重庆卷书面表达)8it 句型it 的应用可以使句子更平衡，更符合英语习惯。常见的有以下几种：(1)it 作形式主语Everyone in our society should help those in need，but it is more important to be sincere and earnest.(2016江苏卷书面表达)It is everybodys duty to observe them
45、 to keep our society in order and going on the right track.(2015江苏卷书面表达)(2)it 作形式宾语I consider it quite interesting to learn the poems written in the Tang Dynasty with you.(2017全国卷书面表达)Soon after，there are two entrances to the parking places，making it easier for us to enter it now.(北京卷书面表达)(3)it 在某些固
46、定句式中的应用I would appreciate it if you could reply to me at your earliest convenience.(2017全国卷书面表达)When it comes to the effect，it will help you to enhance the sense of keeping fit but it may cause you to be overly anxious.(2015广东卷基础写作)第三步 写好结尾照应开头和主题常见书信结尾段的写法表示期待在书信的结尾处我们常使用一些功能句式，向对方表示友善的感谢或亲切的问候，表达愿
47、望或期待等。Id appreciate it if you could reply at your earliest convenience.(2017天津卷书面表达)Looking forward to your reply.(2017全国卷书面表达)I would appreciate it if you could take the trouble to do so much for me.Looking forward to your early reply.(2016全国卷书面表达)Hope to hear from you soon.(2016全国卷)And I sincerely
48、 hope our friendship lasts forever.Wish you all the best!(2016天津卷)Looking forward to your reply.(2015全国卷)I will be grateful if you could give me a kind consideration.Looking forward to your reply.(2015陕西卷)If you could provide more specific information，I would be well grateful.Looking forward to your
49、 reply.(2015重庆卷)纵观上面书信的结尾，我们见到最多的是“Im looking forward to./Looking forward to.”。在文章的结尾处我们可以使用一些功能句式，向对方表示友善的感谢或亲切的问候，表达愿望或期待等。除了“Im looking forward to.”之外，常用的结尾有：求职信可说：I would be grateful if you could consider my application.I hope to have the opportunity of an interview.咨询信可说：Im waiting for your ear
50、ly reply.感谢信可说：I must thank you again for your generous help.Please accept my gratitude,now and always.建议信可说：In the end，I will be very glad if you find my suggestions useful.I hope you will find these suggestions practical.Ill appreciate you taking my suggestion into account.投诉信可说：Id appreciate it i
51、f you.as soon as possible.邀请信可说：Im longing to hear from you.第四步 段落要“清”，层次要“明”书面表达是主观题，阅卷时率先进入老师眼帘的是卷面和文章结构。因此，除了卷面整洁外，还要注意段落写作，做到主题突出、结构合理、层次清晰，获取阅卷老师的印象分。进行构段谋篇层次上的写作训练，是写好文章的关键。不仅要考虑文章结构，还要考虑适当充实内容，并解决结构重复、语言冗余等问题。下面从三个角度加以介绍，以帮助同学们提高写作能力。一、合理分段，层次清晰合理安排文章的结构。一篇文章通常可以分为三部分，即开头、正文和结尾。近几年高考作文范文及高分作文
52、，绝大多数为 23 段，还有个别范文为 4 段。高考范文为一个段落的，在阅卷老师看来比不上段落层次清晰的文章。请看下面2017 年全国卷的一篇考生作文：Dear Henry，Im Li Hua，one of your students.Im writing to invite you to visit the papercutting exhibition.Papercutting is one of Chinese traditions and Im sure you will like it.The exhibition will be held in the local museum n
53、ext Saturday.Some famous Chinese artists will perform on that day.Meanwhile，some beautiful paper-cutting works，collected from all over the country，will be exhibited there.If you like，you can also join in papercutting.Im sure it will be an unforgettable experience for you.Im looking forward to hearin
54、g from you.Yours，Li Hua上面的作文语言准确，而且使用了非谓语动词、复合句(包括主语从句、状语从句)等，总体来说是一篇相当不错的作文。但是，文章没有分段，缺少框架意识，把所有内容混搭在一起，给阅卷老师判卷带来了困难，从而影响了得分。如果我们把该文分成三段，前两句为第一段，简要说明要举行摄影展以及主题；后两句为第三段，对对方来参加比赛提出期待；中间为第二段，对要点进行详细地阐述。这样段落分明、结构清晰，自然会受到阅卷老师的青睐，起评分自然就会高。当然，如果我们再对句子进行一下整合会更好。请看整合后的文章。Dear Henry，Im Li Hua，one of your stu
55、dents.Im writing to invite you to attend the Chinese paper-cutting art exhibition.Paper cutting is a traditional art form in China，which has a history of more than 1,500 years，and Im sure you will like it.The exhibition will be held in the local museum from 8：00 am to 5：00 pm next saturday.Some famo
56、us Chinese artists will perform on that day.Meanwhile，some beautiful papercutting works，collected from all over the country，will be on show.If you are interested in the Chinese folk art，you can also join in papercutting.Im sure it will be an unforgettable experience for you.Looking forward to your e
57、arly reply.Yours，Li Hua由于近几年高考全国卷的书面表达部分基本都是书信，字数均要求 100 左右。我们不妨可以把书信按照传统的“三段式”进行划分，有时也可分为四段。按照时间、空间或其他逻辑顺序把相关联的内容安排在相应的段落内，使层次更清晰，结构更合理。书信最显著的特点除格式外，就是开头段和结尾段。下面我们主要介绍一下书信的开头和结尾。二、衔接要“巧”，过渡要“妙”审题、拟点、联句后，接下来就是润色成文。有效地使用语句间的连接成分巧妙地衔接过渡，使文章流畅自然，是考生书面表达争创满分的必备条件。衔接过渡常用词汇：besides，in addition，whats more，
58、further more，so，more over，to make matters worse，whats more，for one thing.for another，Firstly.Secondly.Lastly.，on the other hand，on the contrary，however，even if/though 等。Firstly，Im wondering if you can help add some contents.Besides，if there are some mistakes in them，I hope you can correct them.Lastl
59、y,I attach some materials whose format had better be changed and hope you can help.(2016全国卷)So whenever there is a chance for me to go to the countryside，where there is beautiful scenery，I will never hesitate to pack my bags and leave for the land.(2016四川卷)Besides，I have such a good command of Engli
60、sh that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher.(2015陕西卷)In addition，I am Chinese，which means Mandarin is a must for me to communicate with others in my daily life.(2015四川卷)On the contrary，smart phones not only take up our valuable time，but also do great harm to our health.作文高分箴言(名师寄语考生)最后给考生们提点建议，对于基础好的考生，要注重语言的交际性，别写得太长，添加太多的细节；对于中等生，要注意用词的准确性，平时多仿写一些好句子；对于基础不好的同学，要多背点单词和句子，考试时敢写相关的单词或句子，尽量把词数写够。谢谢观看！
