1、第二周 数字计算题 数字计算题属于细节理解题。数据在英语阅读理解中常常出现，特别是调查研究类的说明文中(包括社科文和科技文)，作者往往运用大量的数据使文章内容更加可信。命题者也常常会针对这些数据设题。一般来说，数据考查题都是细节题，只要找到原文出处，考生经过简单换算就可找出正确答案，但命题者往往会采取偷换概念、变更细节等手段设置干扰项，考生若不仔细比较，很容易失分。典型例题1(2018年全国卷30)At present,the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven
2、.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages,often spoken by many people,while hot,wet zones have lots,often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages;the Americas about 1,000;Africa 2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200,of which Papua New Guinea alone
3、 accounts for well over 800.The median number(中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000,which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.世界语言的一半，不到6千人讲”可知，不到6千人讲的语言数量只有6800的一半，即约3400种故选B项How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present？A.About 6,800.B.About 3,4
4、00.C.About 2,400.D.About 1,200.点拨：本题问“少于6千人讲的语言，目前有多少种？”由第一句可知世界上目前共有大约6800种语言，又由最后一句“世界语言的一半，不到6千人讲”可知，不到6千人讲的语言数量只有6800的一半，即约3400种，故选B项。典型例题2(2018年全国卷25)In 1896,Dawson,Canada,was unmapped wilderness(荒野).But gold was discovered there in 1897,and two years later,it was one of the largest cities in t
5、he West,with a population of 30,000.Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris For many who made it to Dawson,however,the rewards were worth the difficult trip.Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold,4,000 got rich.About 100 of these stayed rich men for th
6、e rest of their lives.在第一批挖金子的两万人中，四千人发财了dug for gold定位故选B项据此计算可知,是五分之一的人发财了 What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson？A.Two-thirds of them stayed there.B.One out of five people got rich.C.Almost everyone gave up.D.Half of them died.点拨：由题干中dug for gold定位到第二段倒数第二句“Of the first 20,0
7、00 people who dug for gold,4,000 got rich.(在第一批挖金子的两万人中，四千人发财了。)”，据此计算可知,是五分之一的人发财了。故选B项。星期一考纲词汇复记强化_ adj.近似的_ n.联运，衔接_ n.食谱；秘诀；烹饪法_ v.庆祝；赞美_ n.周年纪念日_ 援助the disadvantaged _ n.捐款；捐赠(物)take a tour _ 种种，各种各样的approximateconnectionrecipecelebrateanniversaryin aid of=in support of弱势群体donation游览，参观a variet
8、y of阅读理解 对答案:D B D广告类说明文。作者介绍了到Holker Hall&Garden旅游的相关信息，包括如何到这里来、开放时间、票价以及一些特殊的时间等。1.D 细节题。根据题干中的drive和Manchester定位到文章开头How to Get to Holker的By Car部分的最后Manchester1 hour 30 minutes，由此可知，开车从Manchester到Holker，需一小时三十分，也就要九十分钟。故选D项。2.B 细节题。根据题干中的How much将信息定位在Admission Charges栏下，再由a member of a tour gro
9、up以及Hall&Gardens可知跟团的票价是9英镑。故选B项。3.D 细节题。根据题干中的live music show定位到文章最后的while enjoying a live music show，故选D项。星期二考纲词汇复记强化_ adj.被抛弃的_ n.喷泉，喷水池_ n.努力；试图_ vt.探索；探究_ prep.尽管；虽然_ n.标志；标牌abandonedfountainbidexploredespitesign_ n.结果_ v.交流；沟通_ v.捐赠；捐献_ n.慈善机构_ adv.相对地_ adj.有价值的；有用的_ 被相信(被认为)做某事outcomeinteract
10、donatecharityrelativelyvaluablebe supposed to do对答案:C A B B阅读理解 本文为记叙文。讲述了英国艺术家Anna Brownsted进行的一个探索人性的实验。1.C 推理判断题。由第一段“English artist Anna Brownsted left 100，000 pennies in an abandoned public fountain in Cambridge”和第二段第三句“Only 1.66 worth of pennies were left”可知被拿走的钱是99，834便士。2.A 细节理解题。由第二段第一句和第二句
11、可以知道这些钱没有按照组织者预期的那样在48小时内被拿起，而是在一天之内被拿走。3.B 细节理解题。由第一段第一句中的“in a bid to explore human nature”可知。4.B 推理判断题。由第二段第三句中的“but organizers didnt consider it theft”可知组织者并不认为人们把这些钱拿走是偷盗行为。星期三考纲词汇复记强化_ adj.初级的_ adj.无趣的(boring,uninteresting)_ adj.罕见的，稀有的(uncommon)_ n.不幸_ adj.关心人的_ n.打扰_偶遇(run across,come across
12、)_去世elementarydullraremisfortunecaringinterruptionrun intopass away_ 情不自禁地做某事conduct a workshop _ vi.自然播种_ adj.多水分的_ n.昆虫_ n.&vt.伤害，攻击_ 同某人分享某物_ 不花钱；不付出任何代价cant help doing sth开一个研讨会或举办讲座self-seedjuicyinsectattackshare sth with sbat no cost完形填空 对答案:1-5 BADBD 6-10 ADBAC 11-15 DACBC 16-20 DCACB这是一篇记叙文。
13、在高中毕业前夕，作者送给学生Freddy一件衬衫，上面告诫他“动词”在人生中的重要性。在毕业后，Freddy保持着乐于助人的品质。若干年后Freddy去世了，衬衫又回到作者手中，但作者和他的学生们从Freddy身上学到了很多。1.B 根据第一段最后一句可知，“The Thinking Laboratory”其实是教室的名字，所以每天孩子们只能是进入教室，故选entered。2.A 结合句意可知，“The Thinking Laboratory”(思想实验室)是学生们投票为“Room 104”所取的名字，即答案为name。3.D 根据学生所具有的特点推测，他们认为“Room 104”教室太过于d
14、ull(无聊，没有乐趣)，所以把教室的名字叫做“思想实验室”。4.B 结合下文介绍可知，Freddy是一个很普通的学生，故选student。5.D 根据前面一句“He had the rare balance of fun and compassion”可知，他在有趣和富有同情心之间能保持平衡，所以对于“有趣的事情”over fun他笑得最大声，故选laugh。6.A 句子里的“the saddest”暗示Freddy应该是对其他人的“不幸”感到悲伤。7.D 结合下文可知，是在学年“结束”之前，送学生衬衫，故选end，意思是“结束”。8.B 根据下文提到“T-shirts”可推测，这是作者送给
15、每个孩子的特殊的礼物，即gift。9.A 句意是，在每件衬衫上都印有“动词是你们的朋友”。award奖品；master主人；task任务，只有friends符合上下文语境。10.C 句子里while表示前后句转折，前句提到“dull”，所以对应“fun things”，即“无聊”对应“有趣的事情”。11.D 句意：我经常遇到以前的学生，他们也会常提供一些老同学的“最新情况”(updates)。assessment评估；comment评论；instruction指导说明，均不符合题意。12.A 根据第三段的内容可知，学生们即将毕业，所以此处说的是在他中学“毕业”(graduation)后，Fre
16、ddy做了好几份工作。13.C 根据该段的后半段，“he let a homeless man(他让一个无家可归的人睡在他的卡车上)”以及“a friend money to buy a house(借钱给朋友买房子)”可知，他一直都是一个爱关心别人的人，故选caring。14.B 结合句意，他让一个无家可归的人“睡在”(sleep)卡车上。15.C 根据空格后的money和buy a house可知,此处是借(lend)钱给朋友买房子。pay付款；charge收费；owe欠。16.D 根据空格后的“a workshop”,“classroom door”以及“stopped teaching
17、”可知,作者正在研习班上课。句中的conduct是“进行”的意思。observe观察,注意；prepare做好准备；design设计。17.C 根据上句可知，“我”在上课的时候，一位妇女敲门，再结合“the interruption”可知，她是为自己的打扰而“excuse”，即“抱歉、对不起”。18.A 结合上句内容“handed me an envelope”，她交给我一个信封，那“我”接着就打开。19.C 根据“Freddy passed away on Thanksgiving.He wanted you to have this.”可知，这是一则便条上的留言，故“note”(便条)，符
18、合题意。20.B 根据空格前的was taken可知,此处也应用take(拿),表示“虽然弗雷德从我们身边被带走了,但我们都从弗雷德身上得到了一些东西”。短文改错(2014年课标卷)Nearly five years before，and with the help by our father，my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes in our back garden.Since thenfor all these yearwe had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please
19、.haveyearsofagoAs result，the plants are growing somewhere.The fruits are small in size，but juicy and taste.There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors.Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year,but we have never had any disease or insect attack proble
20、ms.We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!aeverywheretastymanyyet或wonderful本文谈作者种圣女果的事。1.before ago 离现在多久以前，要用ago。2.by of 词组：with the help of sb 在某人的帮助下。3.year years these后应接可数名词复数。4.had have 自那以后到现在，应是现在完成进行时。5.As后加a 词组：as a result结果是。6.somewhere everywhere 前句结果应是“到处”长着这种果树。7.taste tasty 与s
21、mall,juicy并列，作表语，用形容词。8.much many 替代可数名词复数fruits，用many。9.删除but或改but为yet but不与although连用。10.wonderfully wonderful 在名词tomatoes前作定语，用形容词。星期四考纲词汇复记强化_ adv.尽情地；非常_ n.病例food poisoning _ 说服某人做某事pop-up camper _ n.拖车_ adj.内置的heartilycase食物中毒talk sb into doing sth折叠式帐篷拖车trailerbuilt-in_ adj.相配的_别具风格的_ adj.紧张的
22、，有压力的_ v.应付，处理_ adj.多产的，有成效的_ n.释放，缓解_ 而不是matchingin stylestressedhandleproductivereliefrather than阅读填空 对答案:D C A F E本文主要讲了作者从讨厌露营到喜欢露营的过程，且在这个过程中作者了解了许多关于露营的事情。1.D 空格前句说作者与喜欢露营的人“道不同不相为谋”，后文却开始举例说明作者接受朋友邀请参加了露营活动，可见空格表示作者有所改观或改变，因此答案D项中的“however”起了转折作用，表明作者从那时起，开始学习与露营相关的事。2.C 空格前说作者的朋友邀作者一起露营，空格后说
23、了这次露营的情况，且情况很糟糕，故C项中“rough”一词与之对应，且C项中“the trip”指的就是作者的这次露营，故选C。3.A 从空格后“instead,we had a air conditioner”可知，作者第二次露营的条件比第一次好多了，且前一次露营住的是帐篷，而这次有床和空调，故选A。4.F 空格前讲述作者的一次不错的露营经历，空格后说作者从此做了许多与露营相关的事情，可见这次露营的经历让作者喜欢上露营，故F中“became quite interested in”与之呼应，故选F。5.E 结合上下文可知，作者从讨厌露营到喜欢露营，此处空格应该作为尾段的一个总起句，而最后一段
24、应是全文的总结段，E项中“I have certainly come to enjoy camping”与之对应，且空格后的it指的也就是E项作者必须说的“I must say”，故选E。语法填空 If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work，you should take a step back and identify(识别)those of 1_(great)and less importance.Then，handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense
25、of 2 _(achieve).Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 3 _(be)often acceptable.Most of us are more focused 4 _our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.So，get an early start and try to be as productive 5 _ possible before lunch.(2016年全国卷)greaterachievementisonasThis will give y
26、ou the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.Recent 6 _(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 7 _(regular).Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 8 _while,exercising,or doing something you enjoy.If
27、you find something you love doing outside of the office，youll be less likely 9 _(bring)your work home.It could be anythinggardening，cooking，music，sportsbut whatever it is，10 _(make)sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.studiesregularlyato bringmake本文主要讲如何缓解工作中的
28、压力。1.greater 跟less并列，一起作importance的定语，同less一样用比较级。2.achievement 在介词后作宾语要用名词，表示“成就”。3.is 动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。4.on 因be focused on(集中精力于)是固定搭配。5.as 因asas possible(尽可能)是固定搭配。6.studies 作主语用其名词形式，而study表示“研究”时可以作名词；又由谓语动词show可知，主语应为复数，故填studies。7.regularly 修饰谓语动词用副词。8.a 表示“一会儿”用for a while。9.to bring 因be
29、 likely to do sth(可能要做某事)是固定搭配。10.make 主句是祈使句，以动词原形开头。星期五考纲词汇复记强化_ n.条件_ 把放低/放下_ 含着眼泪地_ n.财富；运气_设法做成某事_ 动身出发去(某地)；前往_课外活动_ 进行体育运动classroom buildings _conditionlowerdownin tearsfortunemanage to do sthhead forafter-school activitiesplay/do sports教学楼完形填空 对答案:1-5 CADBD 6-10 CDADB 11-15 ACBAC 16-20 BDACB
30、本文记叙了乔辛普森和西蒙耶茨两个朋友顺利地登上安第斯山脉的修拉格兰德山顶后,在返回途中所发生的事。乔不幸摔断了腿,但西蒙却冒着生命危险用绳子把乔送下山。由于看不清也听不见,他不小心把乔送到了一个峭壁边上。不但努力无果,反而自己也渐近峭壁,西蒙不得不割断绳子。但掉下山的乔并没有摔死,意外地回到了营地。1.C 由下文的“but”及其后的“Joe fell and broke his leg.”可知，到达山顶是“顺利的”，故选C项。2.A 由下句“Joe fell and broke his leg.”可知，返回时情况非常“困难”，与前空(第1题)形成对比，故选A项。3.D 由上文“on their
31、 way back”可知，他们已在下山途中，因此这里应是指在乔的腿摔伤后，西蒙独自“继续”下山，故选D项。4.B 由常识可知，如果西蒙独自返回比带一个摔伤了腿的人一起返回会更“安全”，故选B项。5.D 从搭配上看，除time一般不与risk搭配外，其余三个选项均可，分别表示“冒着失去财富(fortune)的危险”“冒着失去健康(health)的危险”“冒着失去生命(life)的危险”。由语境和常识可知，应选D项。6.C 由前段末句“lower Joe down the mountain on a rope”可知，他们是在“下山”(go down)时，天气变得更糟了。其他三个“躺下”“安顿下来”
32、“向下看”都与语境不符。7.D 由上文“天气更糟”与下文“他们彼此看不到也听不到”，可知再次发生了“麻烦事”。8.A 因为相互看不到也听不到，所以西蒙“失误地”把他的朋友弄到了悬崖峭壁的边缘。四个选项的意思分别为“错误地，由于差错”“碰巧，意外地”“出于选择”“幸亏,侥幸地”。9.D 由下文“pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice”(正在将西蒙拖向峭壁)可知，乔爬回来和西蒙将乔拖上来都是“不可能的”。10.B 由常识可知，乔在峭壁下面悬着，他的“体重(weight)”把西蒙往峭壁下面拖拽，两人面临掉下峭壁的危险。11.A 经过在黑暗和冰冷中挣扎一个
33、多小时后,最终(finally)西蒙作出了决定。12.C 从下文“In tears,he cut the rope.”可知，西蒙不得不含泪作出了割绳的决定。13.B 由上文的“cut the rope”和后文的“into a huge crevasse(裂缝)in the ice below”可知，绳子割断了，乔“掉下去(fell)”了。14.A 由下文“to get out of the crevasse”和“towards their camp”可知，乔已设法成功地从洞中出来了，故选A项。manage to do sth努力做成某事(=succeed in doing sth)。15.C
34、由常识可知，因乔腿受伤，不可能朝营地“跑(run)”“滑冰(skate)”“走(march)”而只能是“挪去(move)”。16.B 距离营地差不多有十公里。17.D 由下文“didnt want to leave”可知，西蒙已“回到”营地了，故选D项。18.A 因前文说“割断绳子,乔掉下峭壁”，结合常识可知，西蒙以为乔“一定死了(must be dead)”。19.C 由后面的“Three days later”可知，他不想“马上(immediately)”就离开。20.B 西蒙以为乔死了，现在却听到了他的声音，所以简直不敢“相信(believe)”。短文改错My dream school
35、starts at 8:30 a.m.and ends at 3:30 p.m.They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.We didnt need to do so many homework.Therefore,we have more time with after-school activities.For example，we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.(2014年课标卷)
36、hoursformuchTheredontMy dream school look like a big garden.There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.We can lie on the grass for a rest，or sat by the lake listening music.The teachers here are kind and helpfully.They are not only our teachers but also our friends.h
37、elpfultositlooks作者谈论自己理想的学校及学校生活。1.They There 表示“有/存在”的there be句型。2.didnt dont 据上下文，要用一般现在时。3.many much 修饰不可数名词homework要用much。4.with for 此处for相当于to do或to take part in。5.hour hours 可数名词，凡是数词大于1就要用复数。6.look looks 一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要变三单形式(一般情况下在词尾加-s)。7.删除flowers前的the 此处不是特指，不用the。句意：教学楼周围有各种各样的花草。8
38、.sat sit 与or前的lie并列，sit也用原形。9.listening后加 to 表示“听”什么，要用listen to。10.helpfully helpful 与kind并列，一起作表语，用形容词。星期六考纲词汇复记强化_ adj.十分重要的_ vt.接近；着手处理_ vt.运用_ n.奉献，承诺_ v.与有关throw pillow _ 充满活力to be sure _a step up _fundamentalapproachmanagecommitmentconcern小靠垫full of life诚然上了一个台阶，提级阅读填空 对答案:B A D G F本文主要告诉人们在家
39、居设计时如何选择颜色。1.B 词语复现。因空格后是逗号，后面是一个句子且无关联词，必定选一个短语从句，而选项中没有短语，只有选从句，即只能从A，B和C三项中选。当读到选项B时，你会发现looking for，而空格前句也有looking for，很可能就是答案，代入空格，“你只是想找一个在漫长的一天之后可以放松的地方吗？”“不管你找什么地方，颜色是关键因素”，语义衔接，故选B项。2.A 指代关系。本空格后是逗号，而后面是句子且无关联词,此处一定是选带关联词的从句,仅有A和C两项;先看A项,“虽然它们都有用”,them正好指代上句中的a number of different technique
40、s，代入空格,前后语义连贯,故A项正确。自此题后,其余三空后均不是逗号,因此,选项C再无用处,可划掉，此后仅有最后四个选项了。3.D 总分关系。前段末讲到关于你房间颜色只有三种物品的选择：小物品、中物品、大物品。这是总，接下来三段每段讲一种，下文是“Medium color choices”和“The large color decisions”，这里应是“Small color choices”。故选D。(与上文是总分，与下文是并列)4.G 词语复现。在E，F和G三项中，G项里跟空后句都有small ones，原词复现，很可能就是答案，将其代入空格，“在这个范围里选择颜色，已在the sma
41、ll ones的基础上提高了”“它们要求比small ones有更大的投入，它们对空间的感觉有更大的影响”，前后语义衔接，故选G项。“更大投入”“更大影响”与选项G的two major ways也相吻合。5.F 逻辑关系。至此，仅剩下E和F两个选项；选项E“使用太多的小色块不是一个好主意”与空格前句“不管你是看墙纸还是油漆，投入的时间、精力和相关费用是很重要的”毫无关系，可排除；选项F“这(指代前句中所述“投入时间、精力和相关费用”)肯定是有好处的，因为你想第一次就把它搞好”语义衔接。(pay=be advantageous是有益处的，合算的，值得的)语法填空 (2017年全国卷)In 186
42、3 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 1 _(crowd)on the roads above as they travelled to and 2 _work.It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method.crowdsfromThis i
43、ncluded digging up the road，3 _(lay)the track and then building a strong roof over 4 _ top.When all those had been done，the road surface was replaced.Steam engines 5 _(use)to pull the carriages and it must have been 6 _(fair)unpleasant for the passengers，with all the smoke and noise.However，the rail
44、way quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25,000 people were using 7 _ every day.layingthewere usedfairlyitLater，engineers 8 _(manage)to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道)，which became known as the Tube.This development was only possible with the 9 _(in
45、troduce)of electrically-powered engines and lifts.The Central London Railway was one of the most 10 _(success)of these new lines，and was opened in 1900.It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages，and proved extremely popular with the public.managedintroductionsuccessful本文为说明文。主要讲了伦敦第一条地下客运
46、铁路系统的开通。1.crowds 因crowd为可数名词，根据terrible和句意表示“一群群的人”，用复数形式。2.from 因to and from work表示“上下班”，是固定表达。3.laying 因与digging,building并列，作included的宾语。lay the track表示“铺设轨道”。4.the 此处特指顶部，用定冠词the。5.were used 因steam engines与use是被动关系，再结合文章时态可知，此处应使用一般过去时的被动语态。6.fairly 修饰形容词unpleasant应用副词形式。7.it 因use为及物动词，后面缺宾语，指代ra
47、ilway为单数，故用代词it。8.managed 根据全文时态可知，文章讲述的是过去的事情，故应使用一般过去时。9.introduction 根据前面的the及后面的of提示我们此处应使用名词形式。10.successful 因the most后加形容词原级构成最高级，此处为了避免重复，空格后省略了名词lines，故也可理解为修饰名词，使用形容词。星期日考纲词汇复记强化_ n.(火车)车厢_ n.查票员_ n.乘客_ adj.心烦的_ adv.最后(at last)_ adv.以前_ 扩大某人的视野carriageinspectorpassengerupseteventuallyprevio
48、uslybroaden ones horizons短文改错 (2018年全国卷)It was Monday morning,and the writing class had just begin.Everyone was silent，wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity;others were nervous and anxious.begunwai
49、tingortoI had done myself homework but I was shy.I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people.At that moment，I remembered that my father once said，“The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks,and mistake as well.”Immediate，I raised my hand.my或the
50、largeincludesImmediatelymistakes作者记叙了上周一早上上写作课的情况，有人害怕被老师抽到朗读自己的文章，有的渴望参与。作者先是害羞，不敢在大伙面前讲话，后来想起父亲的鼓励，于是举手发言。1.begin改为begun 改为过去分词，以便与had构成过去完成时态。2.wait改为waiting 作伴随状语，Everyone与wait是主动关系，用现在分词。3.her前的and改为or 表示“或者”。4.在eager后加to 由be eager to do sth(渴望做某事)可知。5.myself改为my或the 在名词homework前作定语用形容词性物主代词，或者
51、加表示特指的the。6.删除to speak前的that 由be afraid to do sth(不敢做某事)可知。7.larger改为large 从语境来看，没有比较对象。8.include改为includes 一般现在时主语是第三人称单数。9.mistake改为mistakes 名词复数表示泛指。10.Immediate改为Immediately 在句首修饰全句，用副词。书面表达 Dear Henry,Im writing to invite you to the Chinese paper-cutting art exhibition to be held at the City Mu
52、seum from June 1 to July 15.It offers a wide variety of traditional and modern Chinese paper-cutting works by famous local folk artists.I know you are interested in Chinese culture,and this should be a good chance for you to learn about the paper-cutting art in our country.The museum is on the Yellow River Road,just opposite the cinema.Are you free this Saturday morning?If so,we can meet at the bus stop outside the school gate at 9 am.Yours,Li HuaThank you!
