1、十、名词性从句 诊断与对策一轮诊断.选择括号内的词填空1.These are questions _(that/which)，understandably，are very often asked.(2011江西阅读 D)2.Howards idea was _(which/that)a group of people should set up a company，borrowing money to establish a garden city in the depressed countryside，far enough from existing cities to make sur
2、e _(which/that)the land was bought at the bottom price.(2011江西阅读 C)thatthatthat3.It never occurred to humans until the mid-1990s _(that/what/which)some animals can be cloned.4.I will give this dictionary to _(who/whoever)can win the first prize in the English contest.5.We are discussing _(if/whether
3、)we should close the ship.thatwhoeverwhether.单项填空1.The reason _ he didnt come is _ he was ill.A.why；that B.that；whyC.why；because D.why；what解析 第一空填入的连词引导的是定语从句，修饰 the reason，故用 why；第二空是表语从句，从句中不缺少主要成分，故填 that。A 2.The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face.A.what B.howC.that D
4、.why解析 填入连词引导宾语从句，从句中名词 problems缺少定语，故填 what，what terrible problems 作从句中动词 face 的宾语。A 3.I dont like _ when you shout at me.A.that B.it C.this D.any解析 动词 like 后面不能直接跟从句，需要用 it 作形式宾语再跟真正的宾语从句。B 4.I am satisfied _ should be done has been already done.A.what that B.whatC.that what D.that解析 satisfied 后面从
5、句中包含两个主语结构，故有两个从句，所以需要有两个连词，故排除 B、D 两项，且has been 的主语是_ should be done，为主语从句且缺少主语，故先填入连词 w hat 引导主语从句，其后才是 that引导的宾语从句，所以答案为 C。C 5.Is it，in your opinion，possible _ new measures will be taken to improve the terrible traffic？A.whether B.whatC.when D.that解析 句意为：在你看来，采取新的措施改善糟糕的交通是可能的吗？it 为形式主语，后面的从句为真正的
6、主语，且从句中不缺少句子成分，故 D 项正确。D 备考策略1.分析句子成分，正确选择连接词。高考对名词性从句的考查主要体现在正确选择引导从句的连接词上。熟悉各类连接词的特点，正确分析句子成分是做对题的关键。2.了解从句特点，掌握名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的区别和联系。3.what 在名词性从句中的使用以及和 that 的区别、it 作形式宾语的情况、whether 和 if 的用法区别等是考查的重点。考点与考题考点一 正确选择引导名词性从句的连接词连接词的特点：1.that：没有意义，在从句中不担任成分，只起着连接主句和从句的作用。2.whether，if：有意义(译为“是否”)，但在从句
7、中不担任成分。3.what，which，how，where，when，whatever 等：有意义，在从句中担任成分。选择连词时，要先分析句子，看看句子是否缺成分，缺少什么成分，再根据上述连词的特点作出选择。考题印证1._ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.(2011北京，22)A.Which B.WhatC.That D.Whom解析 填入的连词引导主语从句，且从句中缺少动词offer 的宾语，故选择 what 引导主语从句同时在从句中作宾语。B 2.There is clear evidence _ the
8、most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.(2011上海，35)A.what B.if C.how D.that解析“_ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.”是同位语从句，从句中不缺少成分，故选择不担任成分的 that 来引导同位语从句。D 3.The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _ others actually u
9、nderstand.(2011上海，38)A.why B.that C.which D.what解析 介词 of 后为宾语从句，且从句中动词 understand缺少宾语，故选择 D 项引导宾语从句且在从句中作宾语。D 考点二 that 不可省的几种情况1.引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句的 that 一般不可省。2.有多个 that 引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个 that 可省略。3.如果 that 引导的宾语从句之前有一个别的连接词引导的从句，则 that 不可省略，否则句型结构及句意都会发生变化。4.如果 that 引导的宾语从句中含有主从复合句，那么 that 不可省略。5.that
10、 引导的宾语从句被短语、词组等与谓语分隔开时 that不可省。1.他说他已读完了这本小说，想再借一本。(翻译)He said(that)he had finished reading this novel and thathe would borrow another one.2.他说的话都是错的，我对此感到惊讶。(翻译)Im surprised that what he said was all wrong.考题印证1.Having checked the doors were closed，and _ all the lights were off，the boy opened the d
11、oor to his bedroom.A.why B.that C.when D.where解析 句意为：检查完门已关好并且灯都熄灭之后，这个男孩才打开门来到卧室。having checked 后有两个宾语从句，因为句意完整不缺少成分，故用 that 引导。第一个从句中 that 可省，但第二个 that 则不可省略。B 2.Im afraid I have to give it up.Dont be discouraged.Remember _ sticks to his work will succeed one day.A.anyone B.whoC.whoever D.that who
12、ever解析 remember 后面的从句中有两个主谓结构，故需要两个连词，that 引导宾语从句，whoever 引导主语从句作动词 will succeed 的主语，此时 that 不可省略。D 3.World AIDS day is also important in reminding us that HIV has not gone away，and _ there are many things still to be done.A.which B.whatC.that D./解析 考查有多个宾语从句时，第二个和以后的从句中的 that 不能省略。that HIV has not
13、gone away，and that there are.是 remind 的两个并列宾语从句。C 考点三 同位语从句和定语从句的区别1.从被修饰词上区别：同位语从句前的名词中是 idea，fact，news，hope 等有一定内涵的名词；定语从句前的名词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或整个主句。2.从性质上区别：同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的进一步说明和解释，属于名词性的；定语从句是对其先行词进行修饰或限制，属于形容词性的。3.从引导词上区别：某些引导词如 how，whether，what 可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句；而 which 能引导定语从句却不能单独使用引导同位语从句。4.
14、从引导词在句子中所作的成分区别：that 在定语从句中必须作成分，指物时有时可用 which 代替，作宾语时可以省略；而 that 在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不作任何成分，不能省略，也不能用 which 代替。引导词 when，where，why 虽在两种从句中都作成分，但引导定语从句时，前面的名词应分别表示时间、地点、原因；在同位语从句中则不然。判断下面两句是同位语从句还是定语从句：1.The news that he heard is true.定语从句2.The news that he was killed is true.同位语从句考题印证1.Samuel survived whe
15、n the car _ he was a passenger in turned off the road and hit a tree.(2011上海春)A.where B.that C.as D.why解析 句意为：当塞缪尔所乘的车脱离公路撞到树上时，他从中脱险幸存了下来。_ he was a passenger in 是定语从句，修饰先行词 the car；从句中介词 in 缺少宾语，故用 that 引导。B 2.News came from the school office _ Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.A.wh
16、ich B.what C.that D.where解析 that 引导同位语从句，说明 news 的内容。为了保持句子平衡，本题中同位语从句与修饰的名词 news被 came from the school office 分隔开了。C 3.Of one thing I am certain _ hard work contributes to good results.A.as B.which C.what D.that解析 该句的正常语序为：I am certain of one thing that.，that 引导的是同位语从句。D 考点四 关于名词性从句应注意的几个问题1.介词后面一般
17、不接 that 引导的宾语从句，此时需要用 it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。You may rely on it_that he will come in time.你放心好了，他会准时来的。2.某些动词如：enjoy，hate，have，hide，like，love，appreciate，take 等后面不能直接跟宾语从句，需要用 it 作形式宾语，再把从句放到后面。Legend has it_that Fuji arose in a night.传说富士山是一夜之间出现的。3.reason 作主语，表语从句只能用 that 引导，不能用 why 或because 引导。4.动
18、词 doubt 用在疑问句或否定句中时，其后的宾语从句常用 that 作连接词；用在肯定句中时，连接词用 whether 或if 皆可，而不用 that。名词 doubt 用在肯定句中时，一般用 whether 引导同位语从句。There is some doubt whether(if/whether/that)she will come tomorrow.(选词填空)5.whether 引导所有名词性从句，能用作介词宾语从句；用在discuss，decide 后引导宾语从句；可和 or not 直接连用。在上述三种情况下不能用 if。6.“wh-ever”既可以引导名词性从句，也可引导让步
19、状语从句；“no matter wh-”只能引导让步状语从句，可和“wh-ever”互换。I dont know whoever can share both my joys and sorrows.(改错)whoeverwho考题印证1.I was close to being killed the other day.A car passed me at _ I thought was a dangerous speed.A.as B.which C.that D.what解析 此句是 what 引导的宾语从句。what 在从句中作主语，I thought 是插入语。介词后不跟 that
20、引导的宾语从句，C 项错误；句中无先行词，不是定语从句，B 项错误。D 2.I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.A.this B.that C.it D.one解析 like 后面一般不直接跟宾语从句，需要用 it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语(when 从句)放到后面。C 3.The reason I am angry is _ he hasnt written to me for a long time.A.why B.that C.how D.because解析 句意为：我生气是因为他很久没有给我写信了。t
21、he reason 后的表语从句只能用 that 引导，不能用 why或 because 引导。B4.There is no doubt _ John will come on time.A.if B.why C.that D.how解析 doubt 用于否定句中时，常用 that 引导从句。C 5.I am worried about _ she has had an operation _ her throat.You have to see her as soon as possible.A.that；in B.if；inC.whether；on D.where；on解析 首句句意为：我
22、担心她是否对喉咙动了手术。介词后不能接 if 引导的宾语从句；“对动手术”，用 have an operation on.。C 6.Could I speak to _ is in charge of International Sales please？A.who B.whatC.whoever D.whatever解析 whoever 既作了 to 的宾语，又作“is in charge of International Sales please”的主语。whoever 作代词，等于 any person who/the person who“任何人，无论谁，的人”。C 题点与题组命题点
23、正确选择引导名词性从句的连接词1.The old man was so angry and spoke so fast that none of his children understood _ he said meant.A.that that B.what whatC.what D.that解析 第一个 what 作 meant 的宾语；第二个 what 作 said的宾语。B 2.Weve offered her the job，but I dont know_ shell accept it.(2011山东，33)A.where B.what C.whether D.which解析
24、句意为：我们给她提供了那份工作，但是我不知道她是否会接受。where 哪儿；what 什么；whether 是否；which 哪一个。只有 whether 符合句意，故选 C。C 3.Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach _ to read fast.(2011辽宁，23)A.what B.who C.how D.why解析 句意为：20 个学生想上这个班，这个班的目标是教(学生)如何快速阅读。根据句意，应选 how(如何)，表方式。C 4.I am afraid hes more of a talker tha
25、n a doer，which is _ he never finishes anything.(2011山东，26)A.that B.when C.where D.why解析 句意为：我觉得与其说他是个实干家不如说他是个空谈家，这就是为什么他从来没做成什么的原因。why 引导表语从句同时在从句中作原因状语。D 5.As far as I can see，_ is no possibility _ he will win the tennis match this time.A.it；that B.there；thatC.it；whetherD.there；whether 解析 句意为：据我所知，这次他要赢得这场网球赛是不可能的。There is no need/possibility/doubt that.是固定句型，其中 that 引导的是同位语从句。B 返回
