1、2021年上海市高考考押题卷英语学科（满分150分，考试时间100分钟）II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the banks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other bla
2、nks, use one word that best fits each blank.A new study show that the better your short-term memory is, (21)_ (fast) you feel fed up and decide youve had enough. The finding appear in the Journal of Consumer Research.Noelle Nelson, assistant professor of marketing and consumer behavior at the Univer
3、sity of Kansas School of Business. She and her colleague Joseph Redden at the University of Minnesota tried (22)_(think) at very different rates. When you think about pop songs on the radio, some people must still be of those same songs. The difference, the researchers supposed, (23)_ have to do wit
4、h memories of past consumption.The researchers tested the memory capacity of undergraduates. The students then viewed a repeating series of three classic paintings-like The Starry Night, American Gothic, and The Scream-or listened and re-listened to a series of three pop songs-or three pieces of cla
5、ssical music. Throughout the test, the participants were asked to rate their experience (24)_ a scale of zero to ten. “We found that people with larger capacities remembered more about the music or art, which led to them getting tired of music or art more quickly. So (25)_(remember) more details act
6、ually made the participants feel like theyd experienced the music or art more often.” The findings suggest that marketers could cope with our desire for their products by figuring out ways to distract us and keep us from fully remembering our experiences. We could also trick (26)_ into eating less j
7、unk food by recalling the experience of a previous snack. As for kids easily (27)_(bore), just tell them to forget about it - it might help them have more fun.Clearly if we are to participate in the society(28)_ _ we live, we must communicate with other people. A great deal of communicating is perfo
8、rmed on a person - to - person basis by the simple means of speech. (29)_ we travel in buses, buy things in shops, or eat in restaurants, we are likely to have conversations (30)_ we give information or opinions, receive news or comment and very likely have our views challenged by other members of s
9、ociety.【答案】21. the faster 22. to think 23. might 24. on 25. remembering 26. ourselves 27. bored 28. in which 29. If/When 30. whereSection BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. daydrea
10、m B. disagreementC. factually D.ultimately E. inevitable F.perspective G.lays H.making I.perspective J.thoughtfully K.thinkingTo some thinkers, it is machines and their development that drive economic and cultural change. This idea is referred to as technological determinism. Certainly there can be
11、no doubt that machines contributed to the Protestant Reformation and the decline of the Catholic Churchs power in Europe or _31_ television has changed the way family members interact. Those who believe in technological determinism would argue that these changes in the cultural landscape were the _3
12、2_result of new technology.But others see technology as more neutral and claim that the way people use technology is what gives it significance. This _33_accepts technology as one of many factors that shape economic and cultural change; technologys influence is_34_ determined by how much power it is
13、 given by the people and cultures that use it.This _35_ about the power of technology is at the heart of the controversy surrounding the new communication technologies. Are we more or less powerless in the _36_ of advances such as Internet, the World Wide Web, and instant global audio and visual com
14、munication? If we are at the mercy of technology, the culture that surrounds us will not be of our _37_ , and the best we can hope to do is make our way reasonably well in a world outside our own control. But if these technologies are indeed neutral and their power _38_ in how we choose to use them,
15、 we can utilize them responsibly and _39_to construct and maintain whatever kind of culture we want. As film director and technophile Steve Spielberg explained, “ Technology can be our best friend, and technology can also be the biggest party poorer of our lives. It interrupts our own story, interru
16、pts our ability to have a thought or _40_, to imagine something wonderful.【答案】31. C 32.E 33.I 34.D 35.B 36. H 37.K 38.G 39.J 40.A III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the w
17、ord or phrase that best fits the context. Cowboy or spaceman? A dilemma for a childrens party, perhaps. But also a question for economists, argued Kenneth Boulding, a British economist, in an essay published in 1966. We have run our (41) _ , he warned, like cowboys on the open grassland: taking and
18、using the worlds resources, (42) _ that more lies over the horizon. But the Earth is (43) _a grassland than a spaceshipa closed system, alone in space, carrying limited supplies. We need, said Boulding, an economics that takes seriously the idea of environmental (44) _. In the half century since his
19、 essay, a new movement has responded to hischallenge. “Ecological economists”, as they call themselves, want to (45) _ its aims and assumptions. What do they say, and will their ideas take off? To its (46) _, ecological economics is neither ecology nor economics, but a mix of both. Their starting po
20、int is to recognize that the human economy is part of the natural world. Our environment, they note, is both a source of resources and a sink for wastes. But it is (47) _ in conventional textbooks, where neat diagrams trace the flows between firms, households and the government as though nature did
21、not exist. That is a huge mistake.There are two ways our economies can grow, ecological economists point out: through technological change, or through more intensive use of resources. Only the (48) _, they say, is worth having. They are suspicious of GDP, a simple (49) _ which does not take account
22、of resource exhaustion, unpaid work, and countless other factors. (50) _ they advocate more holistic(全面的) approaches, such as the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI), a compositeindex(复合指标) that includes things like the cost of pollution, deforestation and car accidents. While GDP has kept growing, glo
23、bal GPI per person (51) _ in 1978: by destroying our environment we are making ourselves poorer, not richer. The solution, says Herman Daly, a former World Bank economist and eco-guru, is a “steady-state”economy, where the use of materials and energy is held (52) _.Mainstream economists are (53) _.
24、The GPI, they point out, is a subjective measure. And talk of limits to growth has had a bad press since the days of Thomas Malthus, a gloomy 18th century cleric who predicted, wrongly, that overpopulation would lead to famine. Human beings find solutions to some of the most annoying problems. But e
25、cological economists (64) _ self-satisfaction. In 2009 a paper inNature, a scientific journal, argued that human activity is already (55) _safe planetary boundaries on issues such asbiodiversity(生物多样性) and climate change. That suggests that ecological economists are at least asking some important qu
26、estions, even if their answers turn out to be wrong.41. A. grasslandB. nationC. economyD. spaceship42. A. ignorantB. confidentC. astonishingD. anxious43. A. lessB. smallerC. moreD. larger44. A. movementsB. influencesC. limitsD. threats45. A. rejectB. realizeC. resembleD. revolutionize46. A. challeng
27、ersB. learnersC. advocatesD. professors47. A. addressedB. ignoredC. opposedD. reflected48. A. advancedB. formerC. latterD. scientific49. A. numberB. productC. ideaD. measure50. A. In additionB. For exampleC. In other wordsD. In its place51. A. peakedB. plungedC. persistedD. paused52. A. sufficientB.
28、 efficientC. constantD. adequate53. A. unimpressedB. involvedC concernedD. appointed54. A. call forB. contribute toC. warn againstD. refer to55. A. settingB. oversteppingC. extending D. redrawing【答案】41-45：CBACD 46-50：CBBDD 51-55：ACACBSection B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each pass
29、age is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know
30、how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different
31、. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses convention, of a story which works well bec
32、ause the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is
33、suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, thats God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks hes a doctor.”If you are part of the group which you are
34、 addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and itll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairmans notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustnt attempt to cut in with hum
35、or as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a fe
36、w casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often its the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.Look f
37、or the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you dont succeed, give up” or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with hu
38、mor.56. To make your humor work, you should _.A. take advantage of different kinds of audienceB. make fun of the disorganized peopleC. address different problems to different peopleD. show sympathy for your listeners57. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are _.A. impoli
39、te to new arrivalsB. very conscious of their godlike roleC. entitled to some privilegesD. very busy even during lunch hours58. It can be inferred from the text that public services _.A. have benefited many peopleB. are the focus of public attentionC. are an inappropriate subject for humorD. have oft
40、en been the laughing stock59. The best title for the text may be _.A.Use Humor EffectivelyB. Various Kinds of HumorC. Add Humor to SpeechD. Different Humor Strategies【答案】56.A 57.C 58.B 59.C (B)Fighting like cats and dogs is a common phrase that people use to mean people argue,fright or dont get alon
41、g. If you like cartoons, youve probably seen many that describe cats and dogs fighting like sworn enemies(不共戴天的仇敌). There have even been movies made that describe cats against dogs.As with many questions in life, theres simply no easy answer to the question of whether dogs and cats can get along. Do
42、gs and cats are different in many ways that can make it difficult for them to get along. However, with patience and the right circumstances, cats and dogs can be best buds(兄弟).For example, dogs tend to be social animals that are naturally playful. Cats, on the other hand, tend to be more independent
43、. A dog that wants to play might seem aggressive and frightening to a cat. This may lead the cat to defend itself against an attack although thats really just a desire to play. Similarly, dogs - especially puppies - like to chase each other. Its a fun game. Chasing cats can be just as fun as chasing
44、 other dogs. Again, cats may interpret such playful behavior as a threat.Even theres something dogs and cats have in common, tails, but tails can make things confusing. When a dog wags (摇摆) its tail, its sending a friendly message: Im happy. Lets play. Cats, however, wag their tails when they are an
45、gry. You can see how this might lead cats and dogs to become confused if theyre facing each other with wagging tails!Although dogs and cats arent really sworn enemies, dogs are hunters by nature. This means that they might hunt and chase anything that moves - including a cat. This natural behavior t
46、hat could cause problems between dogs and cats can be controlled by special training called socialization when the animals meet for the first time.60. By saying fighting like cats and dogs, parents most probably mean that .A.they like neither cats nor dogsB. their kids dont get on well with each oth
47、erC. cats and dogs fight like sworn enemiesD.the fights between cats and dogs are often made into movies61.Which of the following may be one of the reasons that dogs and cats fight often?A. They couldnt understand each other.B.They are worried about their behaviors.C. They enjoy exactly the same hob
48、bies.D.They wag their tails too often.62. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Dogs are good at hunting animals.B. Dogs dont like cats naturally.C. Cats usually like playing with dogs.D. Dogs and cats can possibly live in harmony.【答案】60.B 61.A 62.D(C)During the past generation, the American midd
49、le-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.In just o
50、ne generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Todays families have budgeted to
51、 the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net
52、offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in thei
53、r retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campa
54、igned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have r
55、isen and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak e
56、lderly parent and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance have jumped eightfold in just one generation.From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like
57、a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.63.Todays double-income families are at greater financial risk in that _A. the safety net they used to enjoy
58、 has disappeared.B. their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.C. they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.D. they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.64. As a result of President Bushs reform, retired people may have _A. a higher sense of security.B. less
59、 secured payments.C. less chance to invest.D. a guaranteed future.65. According to the author, health-savings plans will _A . help reduce the cost of healthcare.B. popularize among the middle class.C. compensate for the reduced pensions. D. increase the families investment risk.66. It can be inferre
60、d from the last paragraph that _A. financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.B. the middle class may face greater political challenges.C. financial problems may bring about political problems.D. financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.【答案】63. C 64.B 65.D 66.CSection CDire
61、ctions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. Eat for Your HealthB. Not only will your brain get a workout by reading different time periods, cultures and pe
62、oples.you will also have interesting stories to tell about your reading.C. Practice telling your stories, both new and old, so that they are interesting and fun.D. When anything you do becomes your second nature, you need to make a change.E. Learning a new skill works multiple areas of the brain.F.
63、There are formal courses, websites and books with programs on how to train your brain to work better and faster.Brain fitness has basic principles: variety and curiosity. (67) If you can do the crossword puzzle in your sleep, its time for you to move on to a new challenge in order to get the best wo
64、rkout for your brain. Curiosity about the world around you, how it works and how you can understand it will keep your brain working fast and efficiently. Use the ideas below to help improve your mental fitness.1. Learn a New Skill(68) Your memory comes into play, you learn new movements and you asso
65、ciate things differently. Reading Shakespeare, learning to cook and building an airplane out of toothpicks all will challenge your brain and give you something to think about.2. Tell Good StoriesStories are a way that we strengthen memories, interpret events and share moments. (69) Some basic storyt
66、elling techniques will go a long way in keeping peoples interest both in you and in what you have to say.3. Eat for Your BrainYour brain needs you to eat healthy fats. Focus on fish oils from wild salmon, nuts such as walnuts, and seeds. Eat more of these foods and less saturated fats (饱和脂肪).4. Read
67、 Something DifferentBooks are portable, free from libraries and filled with infinite interesting characters,information and facts. Branch out from familiar reading topics. If you usually read history books,try a contemporary novel. Read foreign authors, the classics and random books. (70) 【答案】67. D
68、68. E 69. C 70. BIV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Regular exercise can reduce a womans risk of cancer, but the benefits may slip away if she gets too
69、 little sleep, U.S. researchers said on Monday. The study involving 5,968 women in Maryland confirmed previous findings that people who do regular physical activity are less likely to develop cancer. But when the researchers looked at the women ages 18 to 65 who were in the upper half in terms of th
70、e amount of physical exercise they got per week, they found that sleep appeared to play an important role in cancer risk. Those who slept less than seven hours nightly had a 47 percent higher risk of cancer than those who got more sleep among the physically active women, the researchers reported at
71、a meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research. “We think its quite interesting and intriguing. Its kind of a first look into this. It isnt something that has been widely studied,” James McClain of the National Cancer Institute, part of the U.S. governments National Institutes of Health,
72、said in a telephone interview. McClain, who led the study, said it is unclear exactly how getting too little sleep may make one more susceptible（易受感染的）to cancer. “Getting adequate sleep has been long associated with health,” McClain said. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention calls sle
73、ep loss an under-recognized public health problem, saying Americans are getting less and less slumber. The CDCPsaid the percentage of adults reporting sleeping six hours or less a night increased from 1985 to 2006. Sleep experts say chronic sleep loss is associated with obesity, diabetes, high blood
74、 pressure, stroke, cardiovascular disease, depression, cigarette smoking and excessive drinking. In addition, research had shown that people who get regular exercise have a reduced risk of breast, colon and other types of cancer. Experts think the effects of exercise on the bodys hormone levels, imm
75、une function and body weight may play an important role.【答案】US researchers havefound that regular exercises may have an active effect on the bodys hormone levels, immune functionand body weight which thus may reduce the risk of cancer (要点1，要点) ,but the benefits may slip away if she gets too little s
76、leep(要点1), especially less than seven hours nightly (要点2)whichmay cause such health problems as obesity, depression and so on. (要点4)However,it is still unclear exactly how sleeping little may make peoplemore susceptible to cancer.(要点3)(76 words)V.TranslationDirections: Translate the following senten
77、ces into English, using the words given in the brackets,72. 由于全球气候变暖,海平面在一点点地上升。(consequence)73. 改革开放也使民族精神获得了解放。(emancipate)74. 中国的现代化建设离不开与世界各国的经济合作与贸易往来。(inseparable)75. 湖区水位提高可能要危及竹子的生长。这意味着以竹子为食物的大熊猫也将受到威胁。 (giant)【答案】72.The sea level is rising little by little in the consequence of global warm
78、ing.73.Reforms and the open policy have also emancipated the minds of the people.74.Chinas modernization is inseparable from her economic cooperation and trade ties with other nations.75.Higher water levels in the lake area may endanger the growing of bamboos, which means giant pandas that feed on t
79、hese plants will suffer, too.VI. Guided WritingDirections: Write an English composition in l20-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近你校正在开展主题为“提倡节约，拒绝浪费”的征文活动，要求全校同学就学校里可能存在的浪费现象献策献计。写一篇文章参加这个活动，内容须包括:1)你认为学校里存在哪些浪费现象;2)对这些现象提出解决方案。【参考例文】Im a Senior Three st
80、udent, Li Ming. Recently the essay competition whose theme is Advocate economy and Eliminate waste has been a hot topic on campus. Im writing to put forward my point of view on how to reduce waste and save energy so as to protect the environment of our campus.In the first place, the most common wast
81、e on campus must be water waste. Some students lack strong awareness of energy conservation and environmental protection, so we still see some running taps on campus. As a result, its necessary to put up some posters or make some slogans about Advocate economy and Eliminate waste in the hallway. Bes
82、ides, installing automatic induction water outlet device may be an effective measure to reduce water waste as well.Secondly, Ive found that the use of electronic equipment is not reasonable enough, which has caused much electricity waste. To reduce waste and make full use of resources, wed better tu
83、rn off the main power when electronic appliances are not in use and replace the lights with energy-saving ones. Its also a good idea to install sound-controlled lights in public places such as corridors so as to reduce electricity waste. Lastly, the phenomenon of paper waste should also arouse our c
84、lose attention as there are fewer and fewer forests in the world. With network technology booming, paperless teaching and learning would be the mainstream in the future, which can help reduce paper waste to a great extent. If we have to print and copy materials, we should print on both sides.To sum up, everyone should make efforts when we are reducing waste and saving energy.Meanwhile, our school should shoulder its responsibility to lead the way at the macro level. Only under everyones joint efforts will our campus become greener and more beautiful.
