1、专题强化练(二)阅读理解之推理判断题Passage 1(2018全国卷，C篇)Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun，according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers，some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many childrens
2、lives，and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.According to the reports key findings，“the proportion (比例) who say they hardly ever read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13yearolds and 9 percent of 17yearolds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”The report dat
3、a shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children，ages 28，remain largely the same.But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined，from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.When it comes to technology and reading，the report does little to counsel(建议
4、)parents looking for data about the effect of ereaders and tablets on reading.It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading，mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and impor
5、tant guides for their kids when it comes to reading.Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently，compared to infrequent readers，have more books in the home，more books purchased for them，parents who read more often，and parents who set aside time for them to read.As the end of school approach
6、es，and school vacation reading lists loom (逼近) ahead，parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.28What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?AChildrens reading habits.BQuality of childrens books.CChild
7、rens afterclass activities.DParentchild relationships.29Where can you find the data that best supports “children are reading a lot less for fun”？AIn Paragraph 2. BIn Paragraph 3.CIn Paragraph 4. DIn Paragraph 5.30Why do many parents limit electronic reading?AEbooks are of poor quality.BIt could be a
8、 waste of time.CIt may harm childrens health.DEreaders are expensive.31How should parents encourage their children to read more?AAct as role models for them.BAsk them to write book reports.CSet up reading groups for them.DTalk with their reading class teachers.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了Common Sense Media(常识
9、媒体)的一个研究报告。报告内容是有关儿童阅读习惯的。该报告表明家长的示范引领对于儿童阅读习惯的培养作用非凡。28解析：推理判断题。关于题干提到的这份报告，第二、三段说孩子们的趣味性阅读减少了，几乎不进行趣味性阅读的人数增加了，第五、六段提到电子书的阅读以及父母的榜样作用，从这些信息推断，这份报告研究的内容是孩子们的阅读习惯，因此选A。B、C两项无中生有，本文没有提到孩子们阅读的图书的质量，也没有提到孩子们的课外活动；D项以偏概全，本文探讨的是孩子们的趣味性阅读，提到父母鼓励孩子阅读，但不是全文探讨父母与孩子的关系。答案：A29解析：推理判断题。第三段说几乎不进行趣味性阅读的孩子的人数比例上升了
10、，因此这一段说的是孩子们趣味性阅读的情况减少了。这与题干中的“孩子们趣味性阅读的情况减少了”相吻合。A、C、D三项曲解文意。第二段说阅读在很多孩子的生活中仍然是很重要的一部分；第四段说28岁儿童的趣味性阅读情况前后对比几乎没有变化；第五段谈论的是在电子书以及平板电脑上的阅读，这些都与题干的内容不符。答案：B30解析：推理判断题。第五段提到科技产品与阅读的关系，说这份报告几乎没有建议父母去了解电子读物和平板电脑对阅读的影响，但是提到许多父母因为注意到孩子看屏幕的时间在不断增加，就对电子书的阅读进行限制。从这些信息看，父母这样做的原因是从孩子的身心健康方面去考虑的，因此选C。A、B、D三项无中生有
11、。文章没有提到父母觉得电子书质量差，没有提到他们认为看电子书是浪费时间，也没有提到电子书贵。答案：C31解析：推理判断题。关于父母怎样鼓励孩子多读书，第六段说，在阅读方面父母能给孩子树立榜样，成为重要的引导者，并且指出，读书多的孩子，他们的父母经常阅读，还给孩子留出读书的时间。由此推断选A“成为他们的榜样”。B、C、D三项无中生有。文章没有提到父母要求孩子写读书笔记，没有提到为孩子成立阅读小组，也没有提到与孩子的阅读课老师交流。答案：APassage 2(2018全国卷，D篇)We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn techn
12、ology at the first sight of something shiny and new，but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style.Thats bad news for the environmentand our walletsas these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure o
13、ut how much power these devices are using，Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its lifefrom when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.This method provided a readout for ho
14、w home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s.Devices were grouped by generation.Desktop computers，basic mobile phones，and boxset TVs defined 1992.Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997.And MP3 players，smart phones，and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002，before tablets and ereaders showed up i
15、n 2007.As we accumulated more devices，however，we didnt throw out our old ones.“The livingroom television is replaced and gets planted in the kids room，and suddenly one day，you have a TV in every room of the house，”said one researcher.The average number of electronic devices rose from four per househ
16、old in 1992 to 13 in 2007.Were not just keeping these old deviceswe continue to use them.According to the analysis of Babbitts team，old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than
17、doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So whats the solution (解决方案)？The teams data only went up to 2007，but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function，such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing.T
18、hey found that more ondemand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32What does the author think of new devices?AThey are environmentfriendly.BThey are no better than the old.CThey cost more to use at home.DThey go out of style quick
19、ly.33Why did Babbitts team conduct the research?ATo reduce the cost of minerals.BTo test the life cycle of a product.CTo update consumers on new technology.DTo find out electricity consumption of the devices.34Which of the following uses the least energy?AThe boxset TV.BThe tablet.CThe LCD TV.DThe d
20、esktop computer.35What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?AStop using them. BTake them apart.CUpgrade them. DRecycle them.【语篇解读】该文指出过时的旧设备其实作用小、耗能高，并提出我们应及时更新设备。32解析：推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“. these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same thing
21、s.”可知，这些过时的设备比那些做同样事情的新设备消耗更多的能源，也就是说新的设备更环保。B、C两项颠倒是非，新设备更环保，所以显然比旧设备好，而且新设备消耗更少的能源，花费就更少。D项无中生有，文中没有提到新设备很快就过时。答案：A33解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“To figure out how much power these devices are using .”可知，Babbitt和她的同事们进行这项研究的目的是弄清这些设备的用电量。A、B两项曲解文意，第二段中的“tracked the environmental costs for each product through
22、out its lifefrom when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device”是说开展这项研究所使用的方法是追踪每个产品从矿产开采到人们停止使用整个周期内的环境成本，而不是说研究目的是“降低矿产成本”和“检测产品的生命周期”。C项无中生有，文中没有提到“向消费者提供新技术的最新信息”。答案：D34解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“They found that more ondemand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop comp
23、uters could cut energy consumption by 44%.”可知，在平板电脑上观看更多的点播娱乐节目，而不是看电视和台式电脑，看平板电脑可以将能耗降低44%，由此可知，平板电脑消耗最少的能源。答案：B35解析：推理判断题。文章通过科学家的研究表明，过时的旧电子设备会消耗更多的能源，由此推知，文章建议人们停止使用旧电子设备。B、C两项无中生有，文中没有提到把旧电子设备拆开，也没有提到将旧电子设备升级。D项曲解文意，回收利用电子设备是人们的常规做法，并不是文章建议的做法。答案：APassage 3(2018全国卷，C篇)While famous foreign archi
24、tects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts，many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.Their efforts have been proven fruitful.Wang Shu，a 49yearold Chinese arc
25、hitect，won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prizewhich is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architectureon February 28.He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA)His office is located at the Xiangshan camp
26、us(校园)of the university in Hangzhou，Zhejiang Province.Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities.Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types.The curves (曲线) of
27、the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills，forming a unique view.Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages.He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls，roofs and corridors.This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks
28、to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements (元素)Wangs works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions.Through such a balance，he had created a new type of Chinese architecture，said Tadao Ando，the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.Wang believes t
29、raditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums.“That is only evidence that traditions once existed，”he said.“Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past.In fact，tradition also refers to the things that have been developing
30、and that are still being created，”he said.“Today，many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions.Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are，”said Wang.The study of traditions should be combined with practice.
31、 Otherwise，the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty，he said.28Wangs winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are_Afollowing the latest world trendBgetting international recognitionCworking harder than ever beforeDrelying on foreign architects29What impressed visitors to t
32、he CAA Xiangshan campus most?AIts hilly environment.BIts large size.CIts unique style.DIts diverse functions.30What made Wangs architectural design a success?AThe mixture of different shapes.BThe balance of East and West.CThe use of popular techniques.DThe harmony of old and new.31What should we do
33、about Chinese traditions according to Wang?ASpread them to the world.BPreserve them at museums.CTeach them in universities.DRecreate them in practice.【语篇解读】本文报道了中国建筑设计师王澍在其作品中弘扬中国传统文化，最终荣获素有“建筑学界诺贝尔奖”之称的普利兹克建筑奖。【背景知识】传统指的是历史沿传而来的思想、道德、风俗、艺术以及制度等。传统文化就是文明演化而汇集成的一种反映民族特质和风貌的民族文化，是历史上各种思想文化、观念形态的总体表征，是
34、一个国家、一个民族的灵魂。文化兴国家兴，文化强民族强。没有高度的文化自信，没有文化的繁荣兴盛，就没有民族的复兴。中华优秀建筑文化源自中华民族五千多年文明历史所孕育的优秀中华传统文化，讲述的是中国经济、社会和文化的发展，弘扬的是伟大的民族精神，坚定的是中华民族的文化自信。28解析：推理判断题。第一段是文章的中心段，第二段讲述了中国建筑设计师获得了建筑界的诺贝尔奖普利兹克奖，这个例子是用来说明第一段后半句的：许多优秀的中国建筑设计师正进入世界建筑设计舞台的中心，故选B。A项意为“跟随世界最新潮流”，文章没有提到；C项意为“比任何时候更努力工作”，文章没有提到；D项意为“依靠国外设计师”，和文章内容
35、不符，因为根据第六段内容可知，中国建筑设计师的成功在于把中国传统文化和创新结合起来。答案：B29解析：细节理解题。根据题干中关键词CAA Xiangshan campus可迅速定位到第三段，顺着往下找，根据第四段第一句中的“quite different from”，第二句中的“were amazed”和第三句中的“unique view”可知它独一无二的风格给人留下了深刻印象，故选C。A项意为“多山的环境”，在文章第四段提到了，但不是最能给人留下印象的事情；B项和D项文章没有提到。答案：C30解析：细节理解题。根据第五段第三句“This creation attracted a lot of
36、 attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements.”和第六段第二句中的“through such a balance，he had created a new type of Chinese architecture”可知传统与现代元素的和谐共存是王澍建筑设计成功的秘密，故选D。A项错在shapes，不是形状的混合，是现代和传统中国元素的混合；B项错在East and West，是modern architecture和a good knowledge of traditions的平衡；C项错
37、在popular，根据文章第五段第二句可知应是traditional。答案：D31解析：观点态度题。根据文章最后一段第一句中“be combined with practice”和第二句中“the recreation of traditions”可知，王澍认为应该结合实践对传统进行再创新，故选D。A、C两项文章没有提到；根据第七段第一句“Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums.”可知王澍认为传统不应该被封在博物馆里，故选B项错误。答案：DPassage 4(2019河南开封高三模拟)Vis
38、iting the tiny tropical island of Boao in south Chinas Hainan Province, it would be hard to imagine a more picturesque or conducive venue for largescale gatherings.The island boasts an abundance of coconut trees and sunny beaches cooled by the areas customary gentle ocean breeze.The overall atmosphe
39、re is one of tranquility.Against this enviable backdrop, an array of elites drawn from a wide spectrum of society both in China and abroad gathered from March 26 to 29 to pool their wisdom and share their insights on a broad range of topics during the annual Boao Forum for Asia (BFA)Numbered among t
40、hem were over 2，000 political leaders, business tycoons and globally renowned academics.Held under the theme of Asias New Future: Towards a Community of Common Destiny, this years forum distinguished itself from previous gatherings through the broader participation of political heavyweights from alm
41、ost every continent, as represented by the presence of Chinese President Xi Jinping and state leaders from Malaysia, Armenia, Australia, Indonesia, Nepal, Russia, the Netherlands, Thailand, Kazakhstan, Austria and Sweden, among other nations, at the opening ceremony on March 28.“The original goal of
42、 the Boao Forum when it was founded was to build a community of common destiny.Im glad that we are coming to discussions surrounding this topic，” said Yasuo Fukuda, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the BFA and former Prime Minister of Japan, during the opening ceremony.“Our friends in Southeast
43、 Asia say that the lotus flowers grow taller as the water rises.Our friends in Africa say that if you want to go fast, walk alone; and if you want to go far, walk together.Our friends in Europe say that a single tree cannot block the chilly windAnd Chinese people say that when big rivers have water,
44、 the small ones are filled; and when small rivers have water, the big ones are filled，” said Chinese President Xi in the opening speech addressing the importance of international cooperation in boosting common development and illustrating the idea of “a community of common destiny.”The more specific
45、 framework for building such a community in Asia, which was underscored by Xi, included the ChinaASIAN community of common destiny and an East Asia economic community for ASEAN, China, Japan and the Republic of Korea (ROK)The East Asia economic community is scheduled for completion by 2020.1The unde
46、rlined phrase “a single tree cannot block the chilly wind” in Paragraph 5 probably means “_ ”AA friend in need is a friend indeed.BThe early bird gets the worm.CMore haste, less speed.DOne tree cant make a forest.2If you are a reporter to interview some leaders attending the Boao Forum this year，you
47、 probably will seize the chance on the following day except _ .AMarch 26 Bmarch 28CMarch 29 Dmarch 213According to the passage, the elites attitude could be described as _ .ADoubtful BDisappointedCsupportive Dnegative4What can we infer from the passage? AThe original goal of the Boao Forum is to bui
48、ld a community of common destiny.BThe overall atmosphere of the island of Boao is tranquility.CThe connection among Asian countries are becoming increasingly strong.DThe Boao Forum is one branch of the United Nations.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了来自中国和海外社会的一群精英在3月26日至29日聚集在年度博鳌亚洲论坛，凝聚他们的智慧，分享他们对广大领域的见解。1解析：句意
49、理解题。根据上下文内容可知，Our friends in Europe say that a single tree cannot block the chilly wind句意为我们在欧洲的朋友说，一棵树不能阻挡寒风。即一棵树不能成为森林。故选D。答案：D2解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Against this enviable backdrop, an array of elites drawn from a wide spectrum of society both in China and abroad gathered from March 26 to 29 to pool thei
50、r wisdom and share their insights on a broad range of topics during the annual Boao Forum for Asia (BFA)”博鳌亚洲论坛的召开日期是3月26日到29日，除了3月21日，故选D。答案：D3解析：推理判断题。根据第四段“Im glad that we are coming to discussions surrounding this topic，said Yasuo Fukuda, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the BFA and former
51、Prime Minister of Japan, during the opening ceremony.”可知，博鳌亚洲论坛董事会主席、前日本首相Yasuo Fukuda表示很高兴参与这次话题讨论，故可推测精英的态度可以说是支持性的。故选C。答案：C4解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“the ChinaASIAN community of common destiny and an East Asia economic community for ASEAN, China, Japan and the Republic of Korea (ROK)The East Asia economic community is scheduled for completion by 2020.”习近平强调，亚洲需要建立中国东盟命运共同体这样一个社区的具体框架。且东亚经济社区计划于2020年完工。可知，亚洲国家之间的联系越来越紧密。故选C。答案：C
