1、.阅读理解AThere is no clear relationship between clowns and fast food. Yet everyone blindly accepts Ronald McDonald, one of the most famous clowns in the world, as the mascot (吉祥物) of McDonalds. This is partly because Ronald has held the role for over 50 years. Id say some people hardly consider him as
2、a clown, considering the behavior that clowns are generally known for. But what inspired McDonalds to make a clown the face of their fast food company? Funnily enough, it was another clown: Bozo. Bozo the Clown was the star of several television shows during the 1950s to 1970s. At that time, adverti
3、sing manager Barry Klein worked with The Bozo Show in Washington, DC. and he had a local McDonalds franchise (经销权), so he talked McDonalds into running ads during the show, the Baltimore Sun reported. Unfortunately, the show was stopped in 1963, but Klein saw a chance to make use of Bozos popularity
4、. Klein brought the actor who had played Bozo, Willard Scott, onto the project, and soon the clown came to life. His nose was a McDonalds cup and his hat was a food tray (托盘). He was Ronald McDonald, the HamburgerHappy Clown. Then, McDonalds managers employed Michael Polakovs, a famous clown, to giv
5、e the character an improvement. The result was the look we all know today. According to Eric Schlosser, the author of Fast Food Nation, the only fictional (虚构的) character more famous than Ronald McDonald is Santa Claus. But in the eyes of McDonalds, Ronald has the same level of childhood wonder the
6、jolly old elf (圣诞老人)【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了McDonalds小丑吉祥物的来历。1According to the author, why would people hardly consider Ronald McDonald as a clown?AHe doesnt look like a clown.BHe is the mascot of McDonalds.CHe has just begun to hold the role.DHe doesnt perform traditional tricks.答案与解析：D细节理解题。根据第一段的“
7、Id say some people hardly consider him as a clown, considering the behavior that clows are generally known for.”可知，作者认为人们很少把Ronald McDonald视为小丑，是因为他不表演小丑的传统把戏。2What did Barry Klein persuade McDonalds to do during the 1950s to l970s?ATo invite Bozo to the company.BTo post ads on the Baltimore Sun.CTo
8、 run ads during a television show.DTo give him a local McDonalds franchise.答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据第三段的“. so he talked McDonalds into runningads during the show.”可知，在二十世纪五十年代到七十年代，Barry Klein建议McDonalds在一个有名的电视节目中投放广告。3What might be the best title for the text?AThe Development of McDonalds.BWhy Does McDonald
9、s Develop so Fast?CThe Background of McDonalds Mascot.DHow Did McDonalds Choose Its Mascot?答案与解析：C主旨大意题。根据全文的内容可知，本文主要讲述了McDonalds小丑吉祥物的来历。BFor a traveler, it can be challenging to find ways to respect the environment while still having an enjoyable vacation. Travelling by train is a good way for bo
10、th travelers and the environment. Moreover, rail operators worldwide have the growing concern about environmental sustainability (可持续发展) of their trains. Amtrak, the American national rail operator, has made a great contribution to environmental sustainability over the past ten years. Amtrak has gre
11、atly reduced its fuel consumption (消耗) by using new forms of green technology and energysaving practices. These practices include the use of lighter train cars and clean fuel. According to Climate Counts, an organization that grades companies according to their environmental practices, Amtrak is a p
12、ioneering company. This means that they have always improved their environmental record.Thanks to the prevalence of railways throughout the continent, European trains are highly sustainable. Trains are the primary form of international travel in Europe. Many of the European lines are slower regional
13、 trains that have frequent stops. Though highspeed railways are certainly faster, they need far more fuel. Therefore, we can say that many of the things that make railways popular also make them environmentallyfriendly.Europe isnt the only region having an environmentallyfriendly rail system. Shinka
14、nsen, also called the bullet train, is a network of highspeed railway lines in Japan operated by five Japan Railways Group companies. The original Tkaid Shinkansen, connecting the largest cities of Tokyo and Osaka, is the worlds busiest highspeed railway line. It has transported more passengers than
15、 any other highspeed line in the world. Shinkansen has recently both increased its speed and cut back its energy consumption by 40%. By reducing the trains weight and redesigning their shape and length, the trains are now far more efficient (高效的)【语篇解读】火车旅行既环保又休闲。本文介绍了美国、欧洲以及日本铁路在节能环保方面做出的努力。4What do
16、es the author want to show in Paragraph 1?ATrains are a good form of green transportation.BTrains are popular among young people today.CTrains are changing worldwide in the modern society.DTrains are the most popular way to travel between cities.答案与解析：A推理判断题。根据第一段的“Travelling by train is a good way
17、for both travelers and the environment.”可知，作者想告诉读者火车旅行是一种环保的交通方式。5What does the underlined word “prevalence” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?AImportance. BPopularity.CAdvertisement. DAppearance.答案与解析：B词义猜测题。根据第三段的“Trains are the primary form of international travel in Europe.”以及“Therefore, we can
18、say that many of the things that make railways popular also make them environmentallyfriendly.”可知，火车在欧洲大陆非常“流行”。6What can we learn from the last paragraph?AEurope has more highspeed railways than Asia.BJapans highspeed railways are the best in Asia.CShinkansen trains have become the most efficient t
19、rains in the world.DJapan also makes an effort to improve their trains environmental sustainability.答案与解析：D推理判断题。根据第四段的“Shinkansen has recently both increased its speed and cut back its energy consumption by 40%. By reducing the trains weight and redesigning their shape and length, the trains are no
20、w far more efficient.”可知，日本铁路在环保节能方面也做出了努力。CA natural disaster is coming, one that can take the lives of thousands and hospitalize (使住院) tens of thousands more: the yearly flu. Last year, about 900,000 Americans were hospitalized and more than 80,000 people died from the flu. To make matters worse,
21、many of these people died needlessly.The flu vaccination (疫苗接种) rate in the United States is around 45%. If we could increase this rate to 70%, most of the deaths, hospitalization and missed days of work would be avoided. But to do that, we need to properly encourage vaccination.Right now, if youre
22、a healthy person, a flu shot (注射) might reduce your personal risk of coming down with the flu by 40% to 60%. Getting a flu shot also does something else: It helps protect the people around you who most easily suffer serious flu illness, particularly the very old and the very young. A vaccine that is
23、 60% effective on a 30yearold person, for example, may be only 30% effective on someone over 65. Babies are especially hospitalized for flu at surprising rates.A new study by Corey White has measured these powerful effects of flu vaccination. Using 50state data from 1994 to 2016, he finds that each
24、percentage point increase in the US. vaccination rate would result in 807 fewer deaths. These benefits gradually increase over time until we reach the herd immunity (群体免疫). Most of those who have been saved are people over 75. So if you want to save the lives of grandmothers and grandfathers in your
25、 community, get a flu shot.To Whites pleasure, he found another_community_effect_of_flu_shots. An increase of one percentage point in the vaccination rate would result in 15 million fewer lost work hours nationwide. That means that your failure to get a flu shot will, on average, cause five hours of
26、 pay to be lost.We cannot accept that tens of thousands of Americans die each year from flu right now. Through wise decisions and quick actions, we can start saving lives today.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。流感危害巨大，作者倡议大家接种流感疫苗，这样既可以保护接种者，也可以保护身边的人。7What can we know about the flu mentioned in Paragraph 1?AIt caused
27、 scares worldwide.BIt resulted in great harm to Americans.CIt attracted much attention of the government.DIt badly influenced the honor of some hospitals.答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据第一段的“Last year, about 900,000 Americans were hospitalized and more than 80,000 people died from the flu.”可知，去年的流感给美国人带来了巨大的危害。8The
28、example in Paragraph 3 shows that the very old and the very young _.Aare more likely to get the fluBare not suitable to have flu shotsCcannot recover from the flu easilyDneed special protection if getting the flu答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据第三段的“It helps protect the people around you who most easily suffer seriou
29、s flu illness, particularly the very old and the very young.”可知，后面的例子是为了表明：老人和孩子更容易患流感。9“Another community effect of flu shots” in Paragraph 5 means that getting flu shots can help people in _.Agetting a pay riseBavoiding losing jobsCworking more effectivelyDdecreasing the lost work hours答案与解析：D推理判断
30、题。根据第五段的内容可知，流感疫苗接种率的提升能够减少工作时长的流失。10What can be the best title for the text?AA Natural Disaster Is ComingBFlu Is Not as Terrible as You ThinkCFlu Shots Bring Both the Good and The BadDFlu Shots Protect Ourselves and People Around Us答案与解析：D主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要论述了接种流感疫苗的必要性及好处，流感疫苗既可以保护我们自己也可以保护我们身边的人
31、。.七选五According to medical experts, people do not need food as much as they need water. If you are in good physical shape, you are likely to survive longer. In fact, the body stores fat and other forms of energy. The fatter you are, the more fat your body can store. _1_The survival time without food
32、also depends on how fast a person burns food. These who use up food energy faster will probably not survive as long as those who burn food energy more slowly. Climate also plays an important role in it. _2_ However, hot climate allows you to go on longer without replacing food._3_ It may lead to phy
33、sical weakness or confusion. After many weeks without food, your body organs can fail one after another. Even so, people can still survive without food for up to two months as long as they have enough to drink.However, living without water can be a very different story. Every minute, we lose water t
34、hrough breathing and other activities. The water that our bodies lose must be replaced so that our organs can work properly. _4_ Otherwise, we may suffer a heat stroke (中暑)Dehydration (严重脱水) can lead to many illnesses. In the beginning, you may just suffer a dry mouth or a fast heartbeat. _5_ Theref
35、ore, you should never go on without water for a day or more.AWater helps us cool down in the heat.BHowever, we cant live long without water.CThat is why fatter people can survive longer.DCold weather makes you use up more energy.EEating too much is not necessary in our daily life.FBut a few weeks la
36、ter, you may be in a state of shock.GEating too little causes your body to react in some special ways.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要指出了相比于食物，人们存活更需要水。人们体内可以存储一些脂肪和能量备用，而呼吸和其它身体活动却随时随地在消耗人们体内的水分。答案与解析：1C此空设于段尾，与上文存在逻辑上的指代关系。本句中的That指代的是前一句提到的“The fatter you are, the more fat your body can store.”2D此空设于段中，是对前一句的进一步解释。此句和后一句都是对前一句的进一步解释。前一句指出，气候在人们存活的过程中扮演着很重要的角色，此句和后一句分别提出冷天气和炎热的气候是如何具体影响的。3G此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。此句提出，吃得太少会使身体作出一些特殊的反应。接着后文再具体描述这些反应。4A此空设于段中，与后文存在转折关系。本段主要是讲缺水可能会带来的后果。后一句句意为：否则，我们可能会中暑。可推测，此句是提出水可以使我们在炎热的天气下凉快下来。5F此空设于段中，是对第一句的进一步解释。第一句指出，严重脱水可以导致很多疾病，而前一句提出了刚开始的后果，所以可推测，此句是表明几周后，你可以会处于休克状态。
