1、中考英语阅读首字母填空解题技巧讲解一、考点分析 首字母填空在中考和一模二模中所占的分值比重较大，为固定分值14分，7个空。它是阅读理解部分里最难的一部分，也是学生特别容易失分的题型。它不仅考察学生的词汇量，同时也检测了学生的综合运用能力。因此掌握好首字母填空的解题技巧非常重要。二、专题详解首字母填空解题技巧：1. 跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断句子成分。3.判断空格单词在句子成分里的词性，缩小范围。4.联系上下文，找关键信息推测出答案。5.通读短文，检查答案。注意时态，语法，以及词性等问题。上海市五年中考试卷首字母填空考查要点统计名词动词时态和语态形容词副词代词连
2、词/连接词介词感叹词情态动词12（14）13（14）14（14）15（14）16（14）从统计表中不难看出，考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和代词这几大词类。具体做题方法：（一） 从词性考查角度分析： 1. 名词：单复数形式, 所有格的用法1. September 10th is Teachers Day.2.In autumn after a strong wind, the ground is often covered with fallen leaves.2. 动词：时态 语态的变化3.We could not run faster than cheetahs , so we _in
3、vented_(发明)cars and now we can move the fastest4.When you laugh ,you will open_ your mouth and your teeth.3. 形容词、副词：比较等级的用法5. Last Sunday，we played h_appily_ in the park, though we were very tired. 6.Summer is the hottest season of the year. 4. 代词：单复数 人称代词 反身代词 指示代词 关系代词 不定代词 等的用法7. Help yourself to
4、 some fish，Jim. 8. Mrs Green said to the twins .”Help yourselves to some fish please. ”9.This book belongs to Mary. It is hers.5. 连词：并列与从属连词的用法10.For years, we played other peoples songs, but now we play mostly our own songs.11. She didnt go to school yesterday ,because she was ill. （二） 从句子成分角度分析句子是
5、按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语、同位语等。 (1)对主语的判断：做主语词性主要为：名词，代词，动名词。1. T _ are helpful to students. They always try their best to help their students.2. Tom is of great importance for Amy. So h_ is more important to Amy than money. 3. Some famous s_
6、are going to give lectures in our university in August. We are glad to know more about science.4. F _ is my favorite sport. It shows the spirit of team work.5. C_ stamps is my hobby.此外，形容词前加the也可作主语。eg: The rich are not always happy. 句中the rich 指“有钱人”，因此可以作主语。(2) 对谓语的判断：做谓语词性主要为：动词。要注意时态和语态的问题。 John
7、 was standing on the step of a house. An old woman c_ over to him. “My boy,” she a_ , “Is your father at home?” “Yes,” a_ John. The woman b_ ringing the bell. She rang and rang, but there was no answer. At last she t_ back to John and s_ angrily, “Didnt you s_ that your father was at home?” “I did”,
8、 answered John, “but this i_ my house.”时态:1. 一般现在时：要考虑动词的三单形式2. 一般过去时：要考虑动词的过去式3. 现在进行时,考虑动词的现在分词形式4. 现在完成时：要考虑动词的过去分词的形式（与动词的过去式的规则变化相同，不规则的要单独记忆）(3) 对宾语的判断:做宾语词性主要为：主要为名词或代词。1.Mr. Chen was surprised to see the fast d_ in Shanghai after his long absence from the city. 2.The front is in great need o
9、f medical w_.because there are so many injured soldiers.3.Thank you for your k_. Without your help,I will not work out the problem.4.At last he sold his i_. He has invented it for a long time.(4) 对表语的判断:做表语词性主要为：形容词，名词, 介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作表语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。1. It is i_ for an ordinary pl
10、ane to fly to the moon. 2.The sick man is getting w_.Maybe he will die soon.3.Patrick is going to be a(n) mechanical e_ when he grows up. He thinks mechine is full of charming4.Such cold weather is quite u_ in May and people have to wear warm clothes again. 5.Its a p_ to have a picnic with all the m
11、embers. (5) 对定语的判断:做定语词性主要为：形容词，序数词，介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作定语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。1. The f_ exams usually take place at the end of June. 2.On a c_ night, you can see thousands of stars in the sky. 3.In f_ weather, the old had better stay at home. 4.The French artist said, “It is my f_ time to vi
12、sit Shanghai. I love this city so much and I hope that I will have the chance come back again.5.Most people dont like s_ food.but I think its delicious.6.Who is your C_ teacher? (6) 对状语的判断:做状语词性主要为：副词，介词。如果是动词的适当形式作状语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。1. The old lady could hardly believe that she had g
13、ot the travel pass to Hong Kong so e_.She remembered it was hard.2.Watch c_, and you will find the difference between the two pictures.3.After flying in the storm for nearly one hour, the helicopter landed s_ at last. (7) 对连词的判断:1. Work harder, a_ youll make great progress in English.2. My job is to
14、 protect the innocent as well a_find the guilty.3. E_ you o_ he can go to the cinema, but you cannot go together because I have only one ticket.4. Ill give you a call as soon a_ I get to Japan.分析：在英语中, 并列连词and, but, or, so , not onlybut also, either or, neithernor, as well as, both and等连接并列的词,词组和句子;
15、 而从属连词则连接主句与从句。（一）和（二） 综合运用：结合词性和充当句子成分综合分析，对词性、词义、词形综合运用 Mr. Wu is getting old. He is l_ the school soon. The s_ in his class have given h_a lot of p_. Among t_are cards, note-books, photos and books. Most of the cards are m_by the students themselves. Photos will h_ Mr. Wu remember the happy t_ wh
16、en he was with his students. Next week, t_ will have a p_ to s _ goodbye to him.（三） 其他做题思路： （1） 依据习惯用法与固定搭配进行填词：如W his help, the old man was safe. The boy thanked him very much. 从句意我们就知道是“在他的帮助下”， with his help.（2） 依据语法知识进行填词：如It was a l earlier. 从句中的earlier可以看出它是比较级，我们应该会想到修饰形容词比较级有哪些词，前面有a,那肯定就是li
17、ttle.（3） 依据常识的积累进行填词：如But it was too late. His friend was very angry. Mr. White said nothing but only one word “S .” Mr. White迟到了，他的朋友很生气，他什么都没说，只说了一个字“S .”我们根据常识肯定是向他的朋友道歉，所以肯定填sorry.（4）依据逻辑推理与句意理解进行填词：如： One Sunday afternoon, Mr. White drove his new car to his friends house happily. He wanted to p
18、 his friend up at five and then went to see a new movie together. 根据句意，Mr. White高兴地开着车去他的朋友家，然后一起去看电影，我们可以进行逻辑推理，他肯定是去接他的朋友，所以填pick.练习 中考首字母填空思路点拨Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words (在短文的空格内填入适当的词, 使其内容通顺, 每空格限填一词, 首字母已给): （一）Christopher and Jeff had known each other since chil
19、dhood. One day, Jeff told his friend that hed fallen in love and planned to get married the n 89 month. He asked Christopher to lend him $ 1, 000 for the wedding party, and promised to pay him back a month later when he started his new job. Christopher knew that Jeff was not very good with money, bu
20、t he s 90 agreed. As they were old friends, they didnt put anything in writing.A month later, Christopher hadnt heard from Jeff or received any money, s 91 he phoned him. Jeff was very apologetic and said he would surely pay him back within a month. Six weeks later, Christopher tried to phone Jeff a
21、nd f 92 he had moved and left no link address. B 93 this time, he was angry.Then one month later, to his surprise, Christopher received a cheque( 支票)for $ 100 from Jeff and a letter giving his new address. He explained that hed been having money p 94 , and wouldnt be able to pay back the remaining $
22、 900 for some time. Christopher wrote back telling Jeff to forget the r 95 of the money and never to reach him again by message or telephone.答案： 89. next 90. still 91. so 92. found 93. By 94. problem(s) 95. rest （二）Reading books is a good hobby for all kinds of reasons.First, reading books is f_93_.
23、 You can always keep yourself amused if you like reading. This is especially useful when the weather is bad. It is a relaxing hobby too. You can really become lost in a book. Next, you can read a book a_94_: in a car, in a waiting-room, on a plane, in bed even in the bath. All you need is a book! Re
24、ading is a convenient hobby as it is easy to stop and then start again. A_95_ good reason for reading books is that it is useful. If you read as a hobby you will get better and better at it. This m_96_ that you will read faster and will become better at understanding what you read. As your reading i
25、mproves, you will probably find your schoolwork becomes much e_97_. Many school subjects depend on good reading and, as you read, you learn more and more.Some people say that reading is out of date. This is not true. You have to be able to read to use a computer and, the better you read, the better
26、your computer skills will be. Reading is h_98_ out of date! Good readers are most likely to be good writers, too. They are usually good at spelling as well, and have more things to write about. Reading books is a wonderful hobby, one of the best.W_99_ other hobby could be more useful, or more enjoya
27、ble!答案：93. fun; 94. anywhere; 95. Another; 96. means; 97. easier; 98. hardly; 99. What(三) When the London Underground goes on strike (罢工), my journey to work can be terrible. I remember a strike which happened a few years a 104 the station near my house was closed and I had to use another station an
28、d take a different train. This a 105 about an hour to my journey, so I wasnt very happy. E 106 went wrong at the station. People were late and they were panicking (惊恐)! By the time I got on the train, I was feeling upset and sorry for myself. Then I saw this man. There was something about him he had
29、 such a familiar f 107 . A few minutes later, I realized that he was Jack, a friend from my school days in Scotland. At the same time he a 108 realized who I was. Then we started talking about school days and the people we both used to k 109 . I was even more surprised when the train came into my st
30、ation and he started to get off too! I asked him w 110 he was going and he said he was going to work. He told me he worked in Fitzroy Street. You see, I work in Fitzroy Street, too. Its a small w 111 ! It was such an amazing coincidence!答案：104.ago 105.added 106.Everything / Everyone 107.face / figur
31、e 108.also 109.know 110.where 111.world（四） Some people have problems falling asleep; others have trouble getting up in the morning. The following suggestions may help. Dont spend longer than thirty minutes trying to fall asleep. If you cant get to sleep after half an hour, get up and do s 97 quiet,
32、like reading. Only go back to bed when you feel tired. Drink a glass of warm milk fifteen minutes before you go to bed it helps you to relax. But dont drink coffee or tea: they have chemicals which will make it d 98 for you to sleep. Have a warm bath its a great way to relax. But n 99 stay in there
33、too long. More than twenty minutes and you will lose all your energy. And the bathroom isnt the best place to fall asleep! Listen to some music. However, if you have to get up and turn off the recorder when the music f 100 , it wont work! Set all the clocks in the house ten minutes fast before you g
34、o to bed (and try to forget that you d 101 this when you wake up the next morning). Get a friend to phone you in the morning. And hope that your friend is better at waking up than you are and is able to have an interesting t 102 with you on the phone to help you wake up. Go to bed e 103 than usual.
35、It may not be easy at first, but they say that an hour of sleep before midnight has the same effect as two hours after midnight. 答案：97. something 98. difficult 99. never 100. finishes 101. did 102. talk 103. earlier （五） Some people might choose to live in a sleepy village beside woods and lakes, but
36、 others enjoy the bright lights and fast pace of the big city. Stephen and Marianna have got different stories.Hi! My name is Stephen and I live in a small flat in London. I chose to live here because there is never a b_97_ moment in a big city like London. Im an art student and the busy life in a c
37、ity does good to my painting. In addition, I can get everything I need so close at hand. Living beside the underground station means that I dont need a car to get around. It(主) s _98_me(宾) money. Also there are malls, cinemas, libraries and museums everywhere.Of course, London, like any large city,
38、has p_99_, too. Londoners dont chat on the underground or the bus and there is much less community spirit than in the country, where my parents live. In fact, they dont understand how I can put up with(忍受) the noise and pollution, and traffic jams. However, I see that as a small price to p_100_. As
39、a famous saying goes, “He who is tired of London is tired of life.”Hello! My name is Marianna and I live in Australia, on a huge ranch(牧场). Its a beautiful area with wonderful scenery. I live here with my husband Joe and our t_101_ children, (1)Patrick 11, and (2)Abby, 8. We have lived on this ranch
40、 for several years and we love our healthy lifestyle. The children have lots of s _102_ to run around and enjoy the peace and quiet. The air is clean and fresh. We produce a lot of our own food which is nice and healthy. Theres lots of hard work to do running a ranch, but we dont mind.Of course, cou
41、ntry life also has weak points. We feel isolated(孤独的) sometimes, too, especially since the n 103 neighbors are almost 100 km away. One more trouble is that we cant get many things as easily as we do in the city. There are no schools, supermarkets or shops, and if we are ill we have to call the flyin
42、g doctor. Although life here can be difficult, we wouldnt change it for the world. 答案：97busier 98saves 99polluted l06pay l01two 102space l03Nearest （六）THIS MONTHS GOALS FOR HELPING TO SAVE OUR PLANET! Save electricity 1. Recycle2. Save water3. Save gasWeek1 This week, my family tried to save electri
43、city. We never left the lights on when leaving the rooms. We switched off the TV when n _1_ was watching it. Mum only used cold water in the washing machine.Week2 We started recycling this week. We tried to written on both sides of our paper not just on one side. We also divided our rubbish into d 2
44、 bags for bottles, cans, paper and food. Mum kept the plastic shopping bags from the supermarket to use them a _3_ as rubbish bags. These are great ways to help our environment. Week3 We stopped taking long baths and had short showers i_4_. We flushed the toilet with used water. When mum and dad mad
45、e tea or coffee, they used l_5_ water in the kettle. My sister and I didnt leave the tap running when we brushed our teeth.Week4 Mum used to d 6 us to school, but now my sister and I have started riding our bikes to school. Its hard work but good exercised! This week dad and a few of the people he w
46、orks with also started to go to work together in one car and share the cost. This should help r_7_ greenhouse gases! My friends and I became volunteers at school. We help make our school more earth-friendly.答案：92. nobody 93.different 94. again 95. instead 96. less 97. drive 98. reduce （七）A survey ha
47、s been published which shows that British people dont like their neighbors very much. 80% of the people who took part in the survey feel that their neighbors h_92_ pay attention to others feelings. 25% dont talk to the people who live next door and 10% dont even know their names. In fact, one millio
48、n people in Britain would like to m 93 because they dont get along well with their neighbors.According to the survey, the b 94 problem is noise. Many of the complaints about noise came from people who live in flats and old houses. These people often have thin walls which can not s 95 the noise from
49、next door.The other main problems are disagreements(不和) about car parking spaces, and old people complaining about the young. Some disagreements last a l 96 time. In one case, people who live in the same building havent talk to each other for fifteen years. Sometimes the disagreements end in violenc
50、e. In one of the worst cases, a man killed a neighbor because he kept parking in his “space”.Another survey shows that 90% of the neighbor never share a meal. 80% have never had a drink t 97 and 20% have never even spoken. However, when neighbors become each othersf 98 , they are often ready to offe
51、r help as we can see in many parts of the world.One solution to such problem is to talk about them with a professional organization, and if necessary to sign a written agreement. Now people can get this service in more and more towns.答案：92-98 hardly, move biggest stop long together; friends （八）At on
52、e time, making a film was an expensive activity only for a small group of people and film companies. Not only were the tools and machines expensive but the cost of film was also far greater than most people could afford. However, modern technology has c 92 all that.New technology has really opened u
53、p the world of film-making for film fans. Now a camera does not cost m 93 _ and most young people are certainly able to pay for it. So all you need is to get one for yourself. With that, you may then start your own film-making.However, film-making is t 94 _ work. You probably need many other people
54、to help you. For example, the p 95 _ of actors and actresses is very important in your film. Of course, these actors and actresses may be your schoolmates, friends or family members. You dont even need to pay them a cent while they are glad to be part of your job.B 96 , you need to make up a story.
55、Can you write your own one? If you have good imagination, you can create an attractive story e 97 . Many world-famous film makers and producers are also good story-writers. If not, perhaps you need someone else to write it for you. An excellent story is the key to making a s 98 _ film.答案：92.changed9
56、3.much94.team95.performance 96.Besides97.easily 98.successful （九） At some time in your life，you might have a roommateIt is a good idea to share a flat，especially for students or people who have just finished school，because flats are usually expensiveAnd m 86 is not the only reason for having a roomm
57、ateSharing a flat can be funBut life with a roommate can also be a t 87 experienceSome experts(专家)did a study of college students who shared a roomThey found that students who had problems with their roommates were not happy at school and were more likely to get sick than other studentsSo，how can yo
58、u l 88 with a roommate and enjoy it? Here is some advice: Being roommates with a friend can be hard. Friends may be different when you stay with them all the time from when you dont see them very o 89 So，before you plan to share a room with a friend，discuss the situation carefullyIf you decide to sh
59、are a room with someone you dont know，talk to each otherIts important to be h 90 about your habits and things you hateWhen you move in with a roommate，make rulesDecide how you will share h 91 ，such as cleaning，washing and shoppingWill you share food? Is it OK to have guests? And what about loud musi
60、c? Dont get angry at small things that your roommate doesTry to f 92 the unhappy things between you and your roommateNo one including you is perfect答案：86. money 87. terrible 88. 1ive 89. often 90. honest 91. housework 92. forget （十） A school newspaper The Teens asked over one thousand teenagers how
61、they spend their spare time. Here they report the r_81_ of the survey. Its not at all surprising to learn that most teens said they wanted more free time. Most have less than an hour a day for after-school activities. P_82_ activities was popular among both girls and boys, averaging between three to
62、 six hours a week. Favorite sports among girls is tennis, basketball and swimming. Boys said they liked football, basketball and skating. Speaking of entertainment, music and TV were popular. About half of these surveyed said that music was their favorite activity. This i_83_ both listening to and p
63、laying music. TV was also very popular. Three quarters said they preferred watching TV to read a book or magazine. Unsurprisingly, as many as three of ten teenagers mentioned that collecting things was something they liked to do in their spare time. They had v_84_ collections from cartoon books and
64、basketball cards to stickers, toys and coins. V_85_ friends was also popular. Eight out of ten teenagers said they met their friends once a week. Nine out of ten said they contacted friends through the Internet. A_86_ popular way of contacting friends was the telephone. Everyone we surveyed said the
65、y spoke to friends every day. Most said they spoke about twenty minutes a day. Surprisingly, teenagers s_87_ went dancing, especially girls. Only one out of ten went to the dance regularly. 答案： 81 result(s), 82 Physical 83 included 84 various 85 Visiting 86 Another 87 seldom （十一）Its a common school
66、day at Southern Cross School near the famous Kruger National Park in South Africa. Teachers and pupils dont sit in a classroom. I 81 , they go through the forest or sit under the trees.The school teaches students all the same s 82 as the rest of the countrys schools, but the teaching methods are com
67、pletely different. Southern Cross uses nature as a teaching tool. The teachers and their pupils go out into nature and work with animals and plants. These can be used to study a 83 from maths and social sciences to languages. The school is in an area where animals live wild and can be hunted. To get
68、 to class, students travel a road through the forest that wild animals use as well.The classroom for small preschoolers is a little different from the rest of the school. For example, the first lesson of the day is maths, but the teaching method is very s 84 . In this school you wont hear a teacher
69、saying “Count how many apples Jane has in her basket.”Actually, the children visit a nearby river to count the number of marks left by animals. This way they can see how many different animals come to d 85 during the night.The students are encouraged to take care of the injured and small animals. If
70、 they find a dead animal in the area, they study where the animal fits in the food chain and how and why it d 86 .The headmaster says, “We must make people understand what we are doing to the e 87 . We need to care for our planet.”答案：81. Instead 82. subjects 83. anything 84. special 85. drink 86. di
71、ed 87. environment / earth （十二）TheYoungPersonsRail-cardisverypopularinBritainnowItgivesyoungpeoplethechancetobuy（81）c_trainticketsacrossthecountryJustimagine，itcouldtakeyoutofestivals，toseefriends，ortoLondonforaweekendbreak，atalowerprice81.cheap/cheaper 82.prove 83.over 84.photo/photograph/picture. 85.Information 86.full 87abroad
