1、新知识预习探索翻译下列句子1这些花需要浇了。_2他希望被带着去动物园。_3Jack应该受责备。_4我有几个问题要回答。_5这本书太难我理解不了。_These flowers need to be watered/need watering.He hopes to be taken to the zoo.Jack is to be blame./Jack should be blamed.I have some questions to answer.This book is too difficult for me to understand.新语法精讲突破不定式的被动式一、不定式被动式的使用
2、原则不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，即当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者时，不定式一般使用被动式。二、不定式被动式的形式、用法形式用法一般式to be done在谓语动词之后或同时发生完成式to have been done发生在谓语动词之前The next thing to be done is to carry away the earth.下一步要做的事是把土运走。No harm seems to have been done.似乎并没有造成损害。三、不定式被动式的语法功能1作主语It is an honour to be chosen as a volu
3、nteer.能选上志愿者，真是一件荣耀的事情。2作表语The task is to be finished by next month.这项工作要在下个月才能完成。3作宾语The boy asked to be given an opportunity to try again.那男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。4作宾语补足语He ordered the baggage to be brought to his room.他吩咐把行李搬进他的房间。5作定语He was the last one to be asked to speak at the meeting.他是最后一个在会上被邀请发言的人
4、。6作状语His mother left the small village,never to be seen again.他母亲离开了那个小村庄，再也没人见过她。四、不定式的主动形式表示被动意义的几种常见结构1动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.今天下午我有许多事要做。(to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)Ill go to the post office.Do you have a letter t
5、o be posted?我要去邮局。你有信要寄吗？(post与主语you之间不存在主被动关系，故只和前面letter构成动宾关系。)2在某些“形容词不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。This problem is difficult to work out.这个问题很难计算出来。3在too.to.结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。Thi
6、s book is too expensive(for me)to buy.这本书太贵，我买不起。4在there be.句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动形式作定语，重点在人；用被动形式作定语，重点在物。There is no time to lose(to be lost)(用to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，用lost time不明确。)5be to blame常用主动表示被动。Who is to blame for starting the fire?谁应为放火受责备？He isnt to blame.他不该受责备。新写作技法点拨如
7、何写想象类作文本单元的写作任务是写一篇想象类作文，这类作文在高考中的命题方式多是给出简单要点或图表等，并要求学生在此基础上进行合理想象。因此此类文章的写作属于半开放式作文。半开放式作文也是近几年高考书面表达的一个热点。1写作步骤首先，一定要从实际生活出发，借助已有的知识，展开合理的、丰富的想象。其次，内容要具体，根据题目的要求和提示，围绕主题想象相关的材料，材料越丰富充实，文章才会越生动，切忌说空话。2注意事项写作时应注意时态及人称的合理运用，还应注意丰富的表达方式，且内容要有一定的层次性。写作时要注意角色的换位，即改变一个人的身份，使其变成另外一种身份，突破现实与环境的局限，自由通畅地来表达
8、自己的想法。使用一些较高级词汇及较复杂的句式。常用句式1概括一个段落或一篇文章常用的开头：The passage is about.The writer tells us about.The story is about.The author tells us that.2如果是议论性短文，则要尽可能客观简要地转述阅读材料的观点。常用的开头有：The passage mainly tells us(talks about).We can know from the passage.As far as the author is concerned.3如果是说明性短文，一般要用概括性的文字来说明
9、某种现象。常用的开头有：It is stated in the article that.According to the passage,the author states that.In the passage,the author states that.新思维随堂自测.用所给词的适当形式填空1It is a great honour _ to attend the opening ceremony.(invite)2The novel is said _ next month.(publish)3My mother is not easy _.(persuade)4The volunt
10、eer will show you the right path _.(take)5They still have many difficulties _.(overcome)to be invitedto be publishedto persuadeto taketo overcome6“Are there any more clothes _？”asked Mum.(wash)7He asked _ to Yushu to help the local people.(send)8Tom refused _ by his father to school.(accompany)to be
11、 washedto be sentto be accompanied.书面表达社会发展到了2030年，照顾老年人成了一个突出的社会问题。你公司顺应社会需求适时推出了家用机器人。该机器人的主要功能有：1可以在固定的时间做饭，做饭时间可以根据个人需要进行调整。2可以陪老人聊天、下棋、做运动等。3及时处理突发事件，例如在老人突然病倒时及时拨打呼救电话等。请你根据以上内容写一份发言稿，在新闻发布会上向大家推荐你公司的这一新产品。注意：1.词数为120左右；2内容可适当发挥，注意行文连贯；3短文开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。参考词汇：突出的，显著的prominentLadies and gentleme
12、n，Thank you for attending our companys news conference.As you know,_范文：Ladies_and_gentlemen，Thank_you_for_attending_our_companys_news_conference._As_you_know,_with the development of society,people have to face various pressures.They dont have enough time to attend to old people in their family,whic
13、h has become a prominent social problem.To solve this problem，our company put out the household robot designed to take care of the old people.It can cook meals at a fixed time which can be adjusted according to individual needs.Besides,it can also accompany old people in having a chat,playing chess and doing exercise.Moreover，it can deal with emergencies.For example,if an old man falls ill all of a sudden,the robot will call doctors for help.All in all,it would be a great help for you if you own such a robot.Thank you.
