1、A卷小题夯基练.语境填词1I used to think that engineers should focus on technical matters, but I changed my mind after listening to a lecture(讲座), which provided me with new insights into leadership.2As a senior(级别高的) space engineer said in the press conference, the first spacewalk was scheduled to take place i
2、n October and the precise launch date would be decided by weather conditions.3She set up Girls in STEM and registered(注册) it as a nonprofit club that centers on serving and teaching young women about science subjects.4As I become more familiar with the campus(校园), Ive grown more attached to it as we
3、ll.5At times we may have annoyed(使恼怒) our parents, or we may have unintentionally worried them, such as when going out without telling them.6Youre more likely to touch your face when you feel awkward(尴尬的) or embarrassed because it helps to reduce stress and regulate emotions.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空
4、)1(2020天津卷7月)Her voice was soft but confident(confidence) as she pointed to the corner near the windows.2(2020全国卷)I am determined to study hard, to be a useful person to the country and to contribute to the improvement(improve) of peoples lives.3(2019江苏卷)Their Chinese peers in the typical Chinese dr
5、ess would be highly impressive(impress)4(2019天津卷)The workers were not better organized (organize), otherwise they would have accomplished the task in half the time.5(2018天津卷)One day after school, while exploring (explore) the green woods of this magnificent mountain, I almost fell on a set of stairs
6、.6When traveling in big cities, traffic congestion (拥堵) can be a big annoyance (annoy)7Generally speaking, when we have doubts about what we have learned, our curiosity(curious) is stimulated.8Although shy, she entered a talent contest and was able to overcome her stage fright(frighten)9The goal of
7、this programme is to make(make) the content that can support an education widely available.10We are looking forward to receiving(receive) more of your creative ideas.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词)1(2020浙江卷7月)I had to take action, so I picked my courage and tried to frighten him away with the pepper spray (胡
8、椒喷雾剂), but finally failed.2(北京卷)In high school，I became curious about the computer, and built my first website.3(江苏卷)The Internet enables us to exchange ideas with many others to check our claims，and to judge our actions.4While conducting the experiment, its quite fortunate to have an instructor sen
9、ior to you, who can provide timely guidance.5We were having a lecture about stress management when there was a power failure.6Mary couldnt have referred to the dictionary, because she didnt give me an accurate explanation of the word. 选词填空at last, make an impression on, concentrate on, leave.alone,
10、make friends, look forward to, (be) curious about1After days of search, at last, he found a road which he thought would lead him in the right direction.2I looked at the blonde girl busy taking notes, curious about what she was writing with such eagerness.3As a highly influential author, Gorky(高尔基)us
11、es literary techniques to make an impression on readers about the unjust reality.4A popular term xueba, or “study overlord”， literally refers to a student who concentrates on studies only, rarely participating in extracurricular activities and always earning higher marks than others.5Everyone looks
12、forward to making progress, whether in personal life or in the general social development.完成句子/一句多译18岁时，他在一家餐馆当帮厨，以换取食宿。At 8 years old, he worked as a kitchen boy for a restaurant in exchange for room and board2由于缺乏自信，他禁不住对求职面试感到焦虑。He cant help feeling anxious about his job interview for lack of sel
13、fconfidence.3我下定决心全力以赴提高我的英语水平。I made up my mind to concentrate all my efforts on having my English improved.4见证了她所经历的一切，她的努力和决心给我留下了深刻的印象。Witnessing what she was through, she impressed me with her hard work and determination.(impress vt.)Witnessing what she was through, her hard work and determinat
14、ion left an impression on me(impression n)Witnessing what she was through, I was impressed by her hard work and determination. (被动语态)Witnessing what she was through, what impressed me was her hard work and determination.(主语从句)5(2018浙江卷6月满分作文)我在做志愿工作方面有很多经验，所以我觉得我申请这个职位是一个好主意。I have much experience i
15、n voluntary work so that I find it a good idea for me to apply for the position(find宾语宾补)The reason why I find it a good idea for me to apply for the position is that I have much experience in voluntary work. (The reason why.is that.)B卷大题提能练.阅读理解(2021广东肇庆检测)Growing up, I thought math class was somet
16、hing to be endured, not enjoyed. I disliked memorizing formulas (公式) and taking tests, all for the dull goal of getting a good grade. One of my teachers told my mother that I was “slow”. But my problem wasnt with math itself. In fact, when a topic seemed particularly interesting, I would go to the l
17、ibrary and read more about it.By high school, no one told me that I could become a professional mathematician. What I wanted to do then was to play college football. My ambition was to get an athletic scholarship to attend a Big Ten school.The chances of that happening were very low. But that didnt
18、stop my coaches from encouraging me to believe I could reach my goal, and preparing and pushing me to work for it. They made video tapes of my performances and sent them to college coaches around the country. In the end, a Big Ten school, Penn State, did offer me a scholarship. I wish math teachers
19、were more like football coaches. Students are affected by more than just the quality of a lesson plan. They also respond to the passion of their teachers and the engagement of their peers, and they seek a sense of purpose. They benefit from specific instructions and constant feedback (反馈)Until I got
20、 to college, I didnt really know what mathematics was. I still thought of it as laborious (耗时费力的) calculations. Then my professor handed me a book and suggested that I think about a particular problem. It wasnt easy, but it was fascinating. My professor kept giving me problems, and I kept pursuing t
21、hem, even though I couldnt always solve them immediately. The mathematical research I was doing had little in common with what I did in my high school classrooms. Instead, it was closer to the math and logic puzzles I did on my own as a boy. It gave me that same sense of wonder and curiosity, and it
22、 rewarded creativity. I am now a Ph.D candidate in mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者上大学以前不喜欢数学，老师也没有鼓励、督促他学数学。而作者当时的梦想是去一所好的大学踢足球，并获得体育奖学金。在足球教练的鼓励与帮助下，作者实现了梦想。上了大学后，通过教授的引导，他才真正知道数学是什么，最后成了一名数学博士。1Why did the writer think math class in school was “som
23、ething to be endured” before entering college?ABecause he wasnt interested in math.BBecause his math teachers didnt care to push him.CBecause he was too smart and talented for math class.DBecause he was training hard for an athletic scholarship.B解析：推理判断题。根据下文可知，作者不喜欢单纯地为得到一个好分数而去记公式和考试。一位数学老师由此认为作者反
24、应慢，可能因此没有鼓励、督促作者去学数学。所以对作者来说，他无法喜欢数学课，而数学课只是门不得不忍受的课。故选B。2According to the writer, students are affected by the following things from teachers or coaches EXCEPT _Aa sense of purposeBconstant feedbackCpassionDspecific instructionsA解析：细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，他们从老师的热情、具体的指导和不断的反馈中受益，而目标感是学生自己体验到的。故选A。3We can c
25、onclude that after entering college, the writer _Awas busy looking for math problems to solveBstudied on his own just as he was in high schoolCmet with laborious calculations in his studiesDbegan to realize what mathematics really wasD解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Until I got to college, I didnt really know what
26、 mathematics was.(直到我上了大学，我才真正知道数学是什么)”可知，作者进入大学才开始意识到数学到底是什么。故选D。4What is the best title for the text?AInterest is the Best TeacherBBe the BestYou Can Make ItCMath, Taught Like FootballDOnce Your Teacher, Always Your TeacherC解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，作者大学以前不喜欢数学，老师也没有督促他。而作者当时的梦想是去一所好的大学踢足球，并获得体育奖学金。在足球教练的鼓励
27、与帮助下，作者实现了梦想。上了大学后，通过教授的引导，作者才真正知道数学是什么。因此，作者希望数学老师可以像足球教练一样。因为学生不仅会受到课程计划的影响，还会对老师的热情和同龄人的参与做出反应，并寻求目标感。故选C。.七选五(2021新高考八省联考模考)Apps (short for applications) are becoming increasingly popular nowadays, and for good reason. They can help you out in just about every area of your life, whether its keep
28、ing fit, communicating with friends, or even learning a language.1._ Heres what you should think about before downloading an app for language learning.Learn from diverse sources (not just apps)Any seasoned language learner will tell you that the beauty of mastering a foreign language is the world wh
29、ich it opens up to you. This is a world of diverse sources(来源) of information, from newspapers and books to TV, radio, music and even real people. Would you limit yourself to one medium in your native language? 2._Establish your purpose and plan your habitsDo you want to be fluent in weeks or are yo
30、u in it for the brain training? The good apps are designed to help you fit your studies around your timetable.3._ These apps encourage habit building, because the successful formation of a habit ensures your safe and regular return.Make it social4_ I mean social for real. I owe the speed of progress
31、 I made in Italian to the support from Jim, my partner in study time. Find a friend to accompany you. Take an evening class. Borrow a book. Buy a book. Book a week away and attend a language school. Just dont forget your phone!If I may speak sincerely, the combination of app, language school, Jim, e
32、venings out, and a choice book or two proved extremely effective.5._AI recommend it.BRemember that an app is just a tool.CNo, I dont mean posting your progress online.DI encourage you to use apps as often as you can.EProbably not, so why do so in your new language?FThe best apps adapt themselves bas
33、ed upon your behavior.GHowever, you need to know how to use them properly to really benefit.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了在下载一款语言学习应用程序之前应该考虑的事情。1G解析：上文提到了应用程序的好处，下文则提到在下载之前应该考虑的一些事情，故本句与上文构成转折，说明需要知道如何正确使用应用程序才能真正受益。G项“然而，你需要知道如何正确地使用它们才能真正受益”符合语境，故选G。2E解析：上文提到了学习语言有各种不同的媒体可供选择，且提出了一个问题“你会把自己限制在一种媒体上吗？”，本句位
34、于本段最后一句，应当承接上文回答这一问题。E项“也许并不会，那么为什么不在你的新语言学习中也这么做呢？”符合语境，故选E。3F解析：上文提到好的应用程序是设计来帮助你适应你的学习时间表，即好的应用程序可以自我调整，来适应使用者的习惯。F项中The best apps对应下文中These apps。F项“最好的应用程序会根据你的行为进行自我调整”符合语境，故选F。4C解析：根据小标题“Make it social(使其具有社交性)”以及下文“I mean social for real.(我的意思是现实意义上的社交)”可知，下文提到了“使其具有社交性”真实的意义，可知本句应当是在说明与下文意思相
35、反的情况。C项中I dont mean与下文I mean相对应。故C项“不，我不是说在网上公布你的进展”符合语境，故选C。5A解析：上文提到了一种有效的方法，言下之意，作者推荐这种做法。A项中it指代上文“the combination of.”A项“我推荐这种做法”符合语境，故选A。.完形填空(2021山东淄博模拟)As our Earths temperature warms up because of climate change, it is having unexpected effects on our worlds forests. When temperatures rise,
36、 trees close their skins to 1 the loss of water, and this, in turn, slows down the 2 of photosynthesis (光合作用). As a result, these trees are shorter and grow slowly, as well as have a 3 death rate.Climate change also increases the 4 of droughts and wildfires. After wildfires, it takes a while for the
37、 forest systems to 5 ， and in some cases, the forests are 6 permanently. Trees that are stressed are also 7 to attacks by bacteria (细菌). In tropical forests, vines that use the trees as 8 can often choke the trees and rob them of nutrients. Finally, humans have 9 the forest landscape through logging
38、. When trees are replanted on the soil, they will never grow as large as the 10 trees that were cut down.As these forests disappear, species that once called them “home” are forced to change, 11 the variety of those systems. 12 ， some endangered species are unable to 13 and die. Oldgrowth forests ar
39、e disappearing in all regions of our world. When forests die, younger forests that are reestablished in the same area grow back weaker and smaller 14 poor vegetation. With trees dying increasingly and continuously, will future generations 15 out on the wonders of forests?【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了气候变化导致
40、地球温度上升，对我们世界的森林造成了意想不到的影响。先是温度上升导致树木矮小，生长缓慢，死亡率高；其次，气候变化也增加了干旱和野火的可能性，野火导致了森林的消失，因此以森林为“家”的物种被迫发生改变，甚至死亡。1Aprotect BpreventCsave DfreeB解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：当温度上升时，树木会将树皮闭合，以防止水分流失，而这反过来又会减慢光合作用的进程。protect意为“保护”，prevent意为“阻止”，save意为“拯救”，free意为“释放”。根据下文“the loss of water”可知，树木将树皮闭合是为了阻止水分的流失。故选B。2Amovement
41、BsituationCprocess DoperationC解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：当温度上升时，树木会将树皮闭合，以防止水分流失，而这反过来又会减慢光合作用的进程。movement意为“活动”，situation意为“情况”，process意为“进程”，operation意为“操作”。结合上下文语境可知，树木闭合了树皮来防止水分流失，这反过来又减缓了光合作用的进程。故选C。3Ahigher BfirmerClighter DsmallerA解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，这些树较矮，生长缓慢，死亡率也较高。higher意为“更高的”，firmer意为“更坚固的”，lighter意
42、为“更明亮的”，smaller意为“更小的”。根据上文“these trees are shorter and grow slowly”可知树木矮小，生长缓慢，所以死亡率也会更高了。故选A。4Achoice BmeasureCqualification DchanceD解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：气候变化也增加了干旱和野火的可能性。choice意为“选择”，measure意为“措施”，qualification意为“资格”，chance意为“可能性、机会”。根据下文“After wildfires”可知，全球气温升高增加了干旱和野火发生的可能性。故选D。5Agrow BrescueCreco
43、ver DdeclineC解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：野火过后，森林系统需要一段时间才能恢复，在某些情况下，森林会永久无法恢复。grow意为“生长”，rescue意为“营救”，recover意为“恢复”，decline意为“下降”。结合上文“After wildfires, it takes a while for the forest systems to”可知野火焚烧了森林之后，森林系统需要一段时间才能恢复。故选C。6Aignored BlostChurt DleftB解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：野火过后，森林系统需要一段时间才能恢复，在某些情况下，森林会永久无法恢复。ignored
44、意为“被忽视的”，lost意为“无法恢复的”，hurt意为“受伤的”，left意为“左边的”。结合上文可知，野火焚烧了森林，森林需要时间来恢复，但是某些情况下，森林也可能不能恢复了。故选B。7Aaccessible BenjoyableCacceptable DfavorableA解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：压力大的树木也容易受到细菌的攻击。accessible意为“易接近的”，enjoyable意为“快乐的”，acceptable意为“可接受的”，favorable意为“赞成的”。根据下文“to attacks by bacteria(细菌)”可知，树木也容易受到细菌的攻击。短语be a
45、ccessible to意为“容易进入的、容易接近的”。故选A。8Aattention BcommandCtrust DsupportD解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在热带森林中，以树木为支撑的藤本植物经常会窒息树木，并盗取树木的养分。attention意为“注意力”，command意为“命令”，trust意为“信任”，support意为“支撑、支持”。结合上文“vines that use the trees as”可知，藤本植物是以树木为支撑的，故选D。9Afrightened BpaidCruined DwastedC解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，人类通过伐木，毁坏了森林景观。fr
46、ighten意为“使害怕”，pay意为“支付”，ruin意为“毁灭”，waste意为“浪费”。结合下文“the forest landscape through logging”可知人类伐木毁坏了森林景观。故选C。10Acommon BoriginalCdistant DstrongB解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当树木被重新种植在土壤上时，它们永远不会长得像原来被砍伐的树那么大。common意为“普通的”，original意为“原来的”，distant意为“遥远的”，strong意为“强壮的”。结合下文“trees that were cut down”可知，此处指的是，人们新种植的树木，
47、不会长得像原来被砍伐的树那么大了。故选B。11Aaffecting BimprovingCforgetting DreflectingA解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着这些森林的消失，曾经把它们称为“家”的物种被迫改变，影响了这些系统的多样性。affect意为“影响”，improve意为“改善”，forget意为“忘记”，reflect意为“放射”。承接上文“As these forests disappear, species that once called them home are forced to change”可知，森林的消失，改变了这些物种，也影响了这些物种的多样性。故选A。
48、12ABesides BSurprisinglyCOtherwise DUnfortunatelyD解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，一些濒危物种无法适应而死亡。besides意为“而且”。surprisingly意为“惊人地”，otherwise意为“否则”，unfortunately意为“不幸地”。根据下文“some endangered species are unable to”可知，不幸的是某些物种无法适应这些改变，只能死亡。故选D。13Adevote BkeepCadapt DleadC解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，一些濒危物种无法适应而死亡。devote意为“贡献
49、”，keep意为“保持”，adapt意为“适应”，lead意为“带领”。根据上文“species that once called them home are forced to change”可知，物种被迫发生改变，而某些物种无法适应，只能死去。故选C。14Adue to Bin addition toCinstead of Din spite ofA解析：考查短语辨析。句意：当森林死亡时，在同一地区重新建立的年轻森林由于植被不良而变得更弱更小。due to意为“因为”，in addition to意为“另外”，instead of意为“而不是”，in spite of意为“尽管”。根据下文
50、“poor vegetation”可知此处指年轻森林由于植被不良，而变得更弱更小。故选A。15Apass BmissCbreak DbringB解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着树木不断地死亡，子孙后代会错过森林的奇迹吗？pass意为“通过”，miss意为“错过”，break意为“打破”，bring意为“带来”。结合下文“out on the wonders of forests”可知此处指错过森林的奇迹。短语miss out意为“错过”。故选B。.语法填空(2021郑州高中毕业年级第二次质量预测)At a very young age, Oindrila Basu had no idea o
51、f 1._ to live with nature.She would climb trees or destroy the nests of birds just for fun，like other kids.Once her mother caught her and got angry，and then the girl realized she 2._ (do) something terribly wrong.This is just a way that Basus parents shaped her understanding and appreciation of natu
52、re.3._(live) in the countryside，she spent her youth studying ants before the rain，watching sunbirds drink honey，counting fireflies and watching young plants grow.Then her parents decided to move to a nearby city 4._ better educational chances，and then she stopped having firsthand experiences with na
53、ture.Later，as she struggled 5._(choose)a college major，her mother suggested a career in forestry (林业)Thats when her journey began, and she fell in love with forestry.Away from the crowded cities，in the lap of the Himalayas，she graduated in forestry from Kumaun University, India.When she went on to s
54、tudy a 6._(master)degree in forestry from the Forest Research Institute, India，she finally got introduced to a group of likeminded people，devoted to the International Forestry Students Association(IFSA)IFSA is a 7._(globe)organization connecting students to exchange knowledge and participate in fore
55、stry activities.The youth joining IFSA are 8._ (encourage)to undertake its taskto enrich forest education and spread a love of nature through events and exchanges.After six months of exciting international conferences and workshops，Basu，then 25，found her homea family that loved forests as much 9._ s
56、he did.She felt more active，so her passion had a direction.Now she wants to do more.As a key member of IFSA，Basu recalled the experience of joining it，“10._ (deliberate) or by accident，we chose forestry, or rather, forestry chose us.”【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。巴苏小时候喜欢爬树、破坏鸟巢，在她的妈妈的教育和引导下，她逐渐爱上了大自然。之后她在妈妈的建议下选择了
57、林业专业，并获得了林业硕士学位，而且成了国际林业学生协会成员。1how解析：考查副词。根据下句可知，为了好玩，她会爬树或者破坏鸟巢；又结合语境可知，巴苏在很小的时候不知道如何和大自然相处，故用how。2had done解析：考查动词的时态。句意：她的妈妈曾经抓住了她并且发怒了，然后这位女孩才意识到她做了非常错误的事情。根据该句中的“realized”，并结合句意可知，她做那些非常错误的事情发生在她意识到之前，表示过去的过去，故用过去完成时。3Living解析：考查现在分词。分析该句结构可知，动词live和主语she为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用其现在分词形式。4for/with解析：考查介词。根据语
58、境可知，此处表示“她的父母为了更好的教育机会决定搬到附近的一个城市”，表目的；此处也可以表示“她的父母决定搬到附近的一个有更好教育机会的城市”，表示“带有”，故填for/with。5to choose解析：考查动词不定式。struggle to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“努力做某事”，故该处用动词不定式。6masters解析：考查固定用法。masters degree为固定用法，意为“硕士学位”。句意：当她继续在印度森林研究所攻读林业硕士学位时，她最终结识了一群志趣相投的人，致力于国际林业学生协会。7global解析：考查形容词。形容词修饰名词，空处修饰名词organization，故用形容词。8encouraged解析：考查被动语态。分析句子结构可知，该句主语The youth和动词encourage之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。9as解析：考查固定用法。“asadj./adv.as.”为固定用法，表示“和一样”。句意：经过六个月激动人心的国际会议和研讨会，当时25岁的巴苏找到了她的家一个和她一样热爱森林的家庭。10Deliberately解析：考查副词。空处在该句中作状语，修饰整个句子，故用副词形式。
